Kodi Zida Zankhondo Zachilendo Zina?

Ngati muli ngati anthu ambiri ku United States, mumadziwa mosapita m'mbali kuti asilikali a US amachititsa asilikali ambiri kuti azikhala kunja kwa dziko lonse lapansi. Koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsanso ndikufufuza kuti mupeze kuti ndi angati, ndi kuti ndendende, komanso ndi mtengo wotani, ndi cholinga chiti, komanso mu ubale wotani ndi mayiko omwe akukumana nawo?

Bukhu latsopano lofufuzidwa modabwitsa, zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mu ntchito, limayankha mafunso awa m'njira yomwe mungapezeko chidwi ngati mudawafunsapo kapena ayi. Amatchedwa Base Nation: Momwe US ​​Maziko a Asilikali Amawononga America ndi Dziko, ndi David Vine.

Maziko ena a 800 pamodzi ndi mazana masauzande a mayiko ena a 70, kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya "ophunzitsa" ndi machitidwe "osakhazikika" omwe akhalapo kwamuyaya, kukhalabe ndi asilikali a US kudziko lonse lapansi kuti apeze ndalama zokwana $ 100 biliyoni pachaka.

chifukwa Iwo amachita izi ndi funso lovuta kuyankha.

Ngakhale mutaganiza kuti pali chifukwa chotha kuthamangitsa asilikali zikwi zambiri ku United States, ndege tsopano zimapanga zosavuta ku United States monga Korea kapena Japan kapena Germany kapena Italy.

Zimafunika ndalama zambiri kuti asitikali ankhondo m'maiko enawo, ndipo pomwe ena oteteza kumbuyo amapanga zifukwa zokomera anzawo, umboni ndi wakuti chuma chamderali sichimapindula kwenikweni - ndipo chimavutika pang'ono pomwe maziko achoka. Ngakhale chuma cha US sichipindulanso, inde. M'malo mwake, ena amakontrakitala ena amapindula, kuphatikiza andale omwe amathandizira pantchito zawo. Ndipo ngati mukuganiza kuti ndalama zankhondo sizikupezeka kunyumba, muyenera kuyang'ana kumayiko akunja komwe sizachilendo kukhala ndi alonda otetezedwa ophika omwe ntchito yawo ndi kudyetsa alonda. Asitikali amatanthauza SNAFU iliyonse, ndipo dzina loti uyu ndi "ayisikilimu wodziletsa."

Maziko, nthawi zambiri, amachititsa kuti anthu azidana ndi chidani komanso chidani, zomwe zimakhala ngati zida zowononga zida zawo kapena kwina kulikonse - kuphatikizapo kuukira kwa September 11, 2001.

Makhalidwe oyandikana ndi malire a Russia ndi China akupanga nkhanza zatsopano ndi magulu a nkhondo, ndipo ngakhale zotsatiridwa ndi Russia ndi China kutsegula mabungwe awo akunja. Pakali pano mabungwe onse osakhala achilendo ku United States onse oposa 30, ndi ambiri a iwo ogwirizana nawo a US, ndipo palibe ngakhale mmodzi wa iwo omwe ali kapena pafupi ndi United States, zomwe mosakayikira zikanakhala zopusa .

Makhalidwe ambiri a US akuyang'aniridwa ndi nkhanza zachiwawa. Phunziro la maphunziro lapeza mchitidwe wamphamvu wa US kutetezera ulamuliro woweruza kumene United States ili ndi maziko. Kuyang'ana pa nyuzipepala kukuuzeni chimodzimodzi. Milandu ku Bahrain si yofanana ndi zolakwa ku Iran. Ndipotu, maboma omwe amachitira zachiwawa komanso osasemphana maganizo akugwirabe ntchito ku America (mwachitsanzo, Honduras, Aruba, Curaçao, Mauritania, Liberia, Niger, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Mozambique, Burundi, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia. , Djibouti, Yemen, Qatar, Oman, UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan, Israel, Turkey, Georgia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, Cambodia, kapena Singapore) akutsutsa, boma, lomwe limapangitsa kuti dziko la US lichotsedwe, boma liyenera kugwa mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azidana ndi boma la US. Anthu a ku America anayamba kumanga maziko atsopano ku Honduras patangotha ​​kanthawi kochepa kuti apite ku 2009.

Vine akufotokozanso nkhani yovuta yokhudza mgwirizano wankhondo waku US ndi Camorra (mafia) ku Naples, Italy, ubale womwe udalipo kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse mpaka pano, womwe udalimbikitsa kukwera kwa Camorra - gulu lomwe akuti lidali lodalirika zokwanira ndi asitikali aku US kuti ateteze zida za nyukiliya.

Mabasiketi ang'onoang'ono omwe samakhalamo ndi masauzande masauzande, koma magulu obisalira obisika kapena ma drones, amakonda kupangitsa nkhondo kukhala zotheka. Nkhondo ya drone ku Yemen yomwe idatchedwa Purezidenti Obama chaka chatha yathandizira kuyambitsa nkhondo yayikulu.

M'malo mwake, ndikufuna kunena za Vine za kubadwa kwa Base Nation, chifukwa ndikuganiza kuti kuyambitsa nkhondo yoyipitsitsa idachitikapo. Vine akufotokoza mbiri ya malo aku US m'maiko Achimereka Achimereka, kuyambira mu 1785 ndipo ali ndi moyo kwambiri masiku ano mchilankhulo cha asitikali aku US akunja ku "India gawo." Koma ndiye Vine adalemba kubadwa kwa ufumu wamakono mpaka Seputembara 2, 1940, pomwe Purezidenti Franklin Roosevelt adagulitsa zombo zaku Britain posinthana ndi mabwalo osiyanasiyana aku Caribbean, Bermudan, ndi Canada kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pankhondo itatha kapena pambuyo pake . Koma ndikufuna kubwerera kumbuyo kanthawi pang'ono.

Pamene FDR inapita ku Pearl Harbor (osati mbali ya United States) pa July 28, 1934, asilikali a ku Japan adawopsyeza. General Kunishiga Tanaka analemba mu Japan Advertiser, kutsutsana ndi zomangamanga za ndege za ku America ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa maziko ena ku Alaska ndi Aleutian Islands (omwe sali mbali ya United States): "Chikhalidwe choterechi chimatipangitsa ife kukayikira kwambiri. Zimatipangitsa kuganiza kuti chisokonezo chachikulu chikulimbikitsidwa mwachidwi ku Pacific. Izi zimadandaula kwambiri. "

Kenako, mu March 1935, Roosevelt anapatsa Wake Island ku Navy ya US Navy ndipo anapatsa Pan Am Airways chilolezo chokhazikitsa mayendedwe a Wake Island, Midway Island, ndi Guam. Akuluakulu ankhondo a ku Japan adalengeza kuti asokonezeka ndipo amaona kuti misewuyi ndiopseza. Momwemonso akuluakulu amtendere ku United States. Mwezi wotsatira, Roosevelt anakonza masewera a nkhondo ndi kuyendetsa pafupi ndi zilumba za Aleutian ndi Midway Island. Mwezi wotsatira, olimbikitsa mtendere anali akuyenda ku New York akulengeza ubwenzi ndi Japan. Norman Thomas analemba mu 1935: "Munthu wochokera ku Mars amene anaona momwe amuna akuvutikira pa nkhondo yomaliza ndi momwe akukonzekera nkhondo yotsatira, yomwe akudziwa kuti idzakhala yoipitsitsa, angaganize kuti iye akuyang'ana pa anthu osamvera za kuthawa kwawo. "Anthu a ku Japan anakantha Wake Island patatha masiku anayi akuukira Pearl Harbor.

Mulimonsemo, Vine akuwonetsa kuti nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ndi yapadera ngati nkhondo yomwe sinakhalepo, ngakhale Cold War idati idatha. Chifukwa chiyani asirikali sanabwerere kwawo? Chifukwa chiyani apitiliza kufalitsa malo awo ku "Indian Territory," mpaka US itakhala ndi malo akunja ochulukirapo kuposa ufumu wina uliwonse m'mbiri, monganso nthawi yolanda madera yatha, ngakhale gawo lalikulu la anthu latha kuganiza za "Amwenye" ​​ndi alendo ena ngati nyama zopanda umunthu zopanda ufulu woyenera kuzilemekeza?

Chifukwa chimodzi, cholembedwa bwino ndi Vine, ndichimodzimodzi chifukwa chomwe likulu lalikulu la US ku Guantanamo, Cuba, limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekera anthu osayesedwa. Pokonzekera nkhondo kumayiko akunja, US nthawi zambiri imatha kuthana ndi zoletsa zamtundu uliwonse - kuphatikiza pantchito ndi chilengedwe, osanenapo za uhule. Ma GI omwe amakhala ku Germany amatchula za kugwiririra ngati "kumasula blonde," ndipo malo opatsirana pogonana ozungulira maboma aku US apitilizabe mpaka pano, ngakhale lingaliro ku 1945 loti liyambe kutumiza mabanja kuti azikakhala ndi asitikali - mfundo yomwe tsopano ikuphatikiza kutumiza msirikali wathunthu Katundu wakudziko kuphatikiza magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi nawo, osanenapo zopereka chithandizo kwa wolipira m'modzi komanso kawiri kawiri ndalama zomwe amawonongera kusukulu monga anthu wamba kunyumba. Mahule omwe amatumikira ku US ku South Korea ndi kwina amakhala akapolo. Philippines, yomwe yakhala ndi "thandizo" ku US bola ngati aliyense, imapereka ogwira ntchito kwambiri ku kontrakitala ku US, kuphika, kuyeretsa, ndi zina zonse - komanso mahule ambiri omwe amatumizidwa kumayiko ena, monga South Korea.

Malo osungulumwa kwambiri ndi osayeruzika amaphatikizapo malo omwe asilikali a ku United States anathamangitsa anthu ammudzimo. Izi zimaphatikizapo maziko ku Diego Garcia, Greenland, Alaska, Hawaii, Panama, Puerto Rico, Marshall Islands, Guam, Philippines, Okinawa, ndi South Korea - ndi anthu omwe atulutsidwa posachedwa monga 2006 ku South Korea.

M'malo ena ambiri malo omwe anthu sanatulutsidwe, zikanakhala kuti zikanakhalapo. Zomangamanga zakunja zakhala zoopsa m'deralo. Kutentha kwapansi, zida zosadziŵika, ziphepo zimalowa mumadzi - izi ndizofala. Jet fuel fufukira ku Kirkland Air Force Base ku Albuquerque, NM, inayamba ku 1953 ndipo inapezedwa mu 1999, ndipo inali yaikulu kuposa kawiri ya Exxon Valdez. Maziko a US ku United States akhala akuwononga zachilengedwe, koma osati m'mayiko ena. Ndege yomwe inachoka kwa Diego Garcia kukapha bomba la Afghanistan ku 2001 inagwa ndipo inamira m'munsi mwa nyanja ndi zida zina za 85 zana. Ngakhale moyo wamba wamba umatenga zovuta; Asilikali a US amawononga katatu katatu monga zowonongeka, monga Okinawa.

Kusanyalanyaza anthu ndi nthaka ndi nyanja zamangidwa pamalingaliro enieni amitundu yakunja. United States silingalolere dziko lina m'malire ake, komabe imawakakamiza ku Okinawans, South Korea, Italians, Philippines, Iraqis, ndi ena ngakhale atachita ziwonetsero zazikulu. Vine adatenga ena mwa ophunzira ake kukakumana ndi mkulu ku US State department, Kevin Maher, yemwe adawafotokozera kuti malo aku US ku Japan adakhazikika ku Okinawa chifukwa ndi "Puerto Rico waku Japan" komwe anthu ali ndi "khungu lakuda, ”Ndi“ afupikitsa, ”ndipo ali ndi“ kamvekedwe. ”

Base Nation ndi buku lomwe liyenera kuwerengedwa - ndipo mamapu ake adawonedwa - ndi aliyense. Ndikulakalaka Vine asalembe "Russia ikulanda Crimea" ponena za voti yaulere komanso yotseguka komanso yovomerezeka, makamaka potengera buku lonena za malo ankhondo. Ndipo ndikulakalaka kuti asamangogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zodzikonda ponena za tradeoffs zachuma. Zachidziwikire kuti United States ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala yabwinoko ndikuwunikiranso ndalama zankhondo, koma United States ndi dziko lonse lapansi zitha kutero. Ndi ndalama zochuluka chonchi.

Koma bukuli likhala lothandiza kwa zaka zikubwerazi. Zimaphatikizaponso, ndikuyenera kuzindikira, nkhani yabwino kwambiri yazomenyera nkhondo zomwe nthawi zina zimatseka kapena kuzichepetsa. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti sabata ino, pamalamulo awiri oyenera, khothi ku Italy lachita analamulira kwa anthu, motsutsana ndi zomangamanga zankhondo zaku US ku Sicily.

Mwezi uno, akuluakulu ogwira ntchito a US a United States lofalitsidwa "Njira Zankhondo Zaku United States of America - 2015." Lidapereka chifukwa chomenyera nkhondo pomenya nkhondo m'maiko anayi, kuyambira ku Russia, yomwe amaimba mlandu "wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti akwaniritse zolinga zake," zomwe Pentagon sakanachita! Pambuyo pake ananama kuti Iran "ikutsatira" zida za nyukiliya, zomwe palibe umboni uliwonse. Kenako inati akazembe aku North Korea tsiku lina "adzaopseza dziko la US." Pomaliza, idanenanso kuti China "ikuwonjezera mavuto kudera la Asia-Pacific." "Njira" iyi idavomereza kuti palibe mayiko anayi omwe amafuna nkhondo ndi United States. "Ngakhale zili choncho, onsewa amakhala ndi nkhawa zazikulu," idatero.

Chifukwa chake, wina akhoza kuwonjezera, kodi mabungwe aliwonse akunja aku US. Buku la Vine limamaliza ndi malingaliro abwino osintha, pomwe ndingangowonjezera chimodzi: Lamulo la a Smedley Butler loti asitikali aku US aletsedwe kuyenda mtunda wopitilira 200 mamailosi kuchokera ku United States.

David Vine ndi mlendo sabata ino Talk Nation Radio.