Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, December 7, 2019
Buku latsopano la Pulofesa Tim Bakken Mtengo Wokhulupirika: Kusakhulupirika, Hubris, ndi Kulephera M'gulu Lankhondo la US ikutsata njira yachinyengo, nkhanza, nkhanza, komanso kusadziwika komwe kumachokera ku United States 'Army (West Point, Annapolis, Colorado Springs) kupita kumtunda wapamwamba wazankhondo zaku US ndi maboma aku US, ndikuchokera kumeneko kupita ku chikhalidwe chathunthu ku US chomwe, chimathandiziranso chikhalidwe cha asirikali ndi atsogoleri awo.
Bungwe la US Congress ndi a Purezidenti apereka mphamvu zambiri kwa akazitape. Dipatimenti Yaboma ngakhale US Institute of Peace ndi yogonjera usirikali. Otsatsa makampani ndi anthu amathandizanso kukonza makonzedwe awa ndi kufunitsitsa kwawo kutsutsa aliyense amene amatsutsa akuluakulu. Ngakhale kutsutsana popereka zida zaulere ku Ukraine tsopano ndiwachiwawa.
Mkati mwa asirikali, pafupifupi aliyense wapereka mphamvu kwa iwo apamwamba. Kusagwirizana nawo mwina kumatha kusiya ntchito yanu, chomwe chimathandiza kufotokozera chifukwa chake asitikali ambiri ankhondo nenani zomwe akuganiza pa nkhondo zapano mutapuma pantchito.
Koma kodi ndichifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri amachita nawo zankhondo? Chifukwa chiyani ochepa akulankhula ndikukweza gehena motsutsana ndi nkhondo zomwe zokha 16% pagulu auze omwe akuwonetsa kuti amathandizira? Pentagon idawononga $ 4.7 biliyoni mu 2009, ndipo makamaka chaka chilichonse kuyambira, pazofalitsa komanso kulumikizana ndi anthu. Masewera ampikisano amalipidwa ndi ndalama zapagulu kuti apange "miyambo yofanana ndi kupembedza," monga momwe Bakken amafotokozera moyenera maulendo owuluka, ziwonetsero zankhondo, ulemu wamagulu ankhondo, ndi nyimbo zankhondo zomwe zisanachitike akatswiri othamanga. Gulu lamtendere lili ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri koma limangotsika pang'ono $ 4.7 biliyoni chaka chilichonse kutsatsa.
Kulankhula motsutsana ndi nkhondo kungakuchititseni kuti musakhale okonda dziko lanu kapena "chuma cha ku Russia," chomwe chimathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake akatswiri azachilengedwe satchula m'modzi mwa omwe amaipitsa kwambiri, magulu othandizira othawa kwawo sanatchule chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli, omenyera ufulu awo akufuna kutha Kuwomberana ndi anthu ambiri sikunena kuti oponya mivi ndi zigawenga mosaneneka, magulu odana ndi tsankho amapewa kuzindikira momwe magulu ankhondo amafalitsira kusankhana mitundu, mapulani amgwirizano watsopano wobiriwira kapena koleji yaulere kapena chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zambiri samatchula komwe ndalama zambiri zilipo, ndi zina zambiri Kugonjetsa chopinga ichi ndi ntchito yomwe ikuchitika World BEYOND War.
Bakken amafotokoza chikhalidwe ndi machitidwe ku West Point omwe amalimbikitsa kunama, komwe kumapangitsa kukhala kukhulupirika, ndikupanga kukhulupirika kukhala kofunika kwambiri. Akuluakulu a General Samuel Koster, kuti atenge chimodzi mwazitsanzo zambiri mubukuli, adanama kuti asitikali ake apha anthu osalakwa a 500, ndipo pomwepo adalandira mphotho chifukwa chokhala wamkulu ku West Point. Bodza limasunthira patsogolo, china Colin Powell, mwachitsanzo, adadziwa ndikuchita kwa zaka zambiri Asanawononge-Iraq Farce ku United Nations.
Mbiri za Bakken ndizabodza zankhondo zambiri zodziwika bwino - zokwanira kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndizofala. Chelsea Manning analibe mwayi wapadera wodziwa zambiri. Anthu zikwizikwi amangokhala chete osamvera. Kukhala chete, kunama pakafunika kutero, kusakhulupirika, komanso kusamvera malamulo zikuwoneka ngati mfundo zankhondo yaku US. Ndikutanthauza kusamvera malamulo ndikutanthauza kuti mumataya ufulu wanu mukalowa usilikari (mlandu wa Khothi Lalikulu mu 1974 Parker v. Levy anakhazikitsa gulu lankhondo kunja kwa Constitution) ndikuti palibe bungwe lina lankhondo lomwe lingalowe usilikali pazomvera zilizonse.
Asitikali ndi osiyana ndi ndipo amadzimva kuti ndi apamwamba kuposa dziko ladziko ndi malamulo ake. Maudindo apamwamba sikuti amangotetezedwa, samadzudzulidwa. Akuluakulu omwe sanafunsidwe ndi aliyense amalankhula ku West Point kumauza anyamata ndi atsikana kuti pakangokhalapo ngati ophunzira ndiopambana ndipo salakwitsa.
Komabe, ndizolakwika zenizeni. West Point imadzionetsera ngati sukulu yophunzirira bwino, koma imagwira ntchito molimbika kuti ipeze ophunzira, imatsimikizira malo ndi kulipira chaka china cha sekondale kwa omwe atha kukhala othamanga, imalandira ophunzira omwe asankhidwa ndi mamembala a Congress chifukwa makolo awo "adapereka" ku Makampeni a mamembala a Congress, ndipo amaphunzitsa anthu ku koleji pokhapokha atachita zachiwawa, nkhanza, komanso kuthana ndi chidwi. West Point imatenga asitikali ndikuwayena kuti ndi aprofesa, omwe amagwira ntchito molimbika komanso kuwalengeza ngati ogwira ntchito yopulumutsa kapena omanga mayiko kapena osunga mtendere. Sukuluyi imayimitsa maambulansi pafupi ndi kukonzekera miyambo yachiwawa. Boxing ndiyofunikira. Amayi ali ndi mwayi woti akhoza kugwiriridwa kasanu m'masukulu atatu asukulu yankhondo kuposa m'mayunivesite ena aku US.
“Talingalirani,” akulemba Bakken, “koleji iliyonse yaying'ono m'tawuni iliyonse yaying'ono ku America komwe kugwiririra kuli ponseponse ndipo ana asukulu akuyendetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pomwe mabungwe azamalamulo akugwiritsa ntchito njira zoletsa Mafia kuyesa kuwagwira. Palibe koleji kapena yunivesite yayikulu ngati imeneyi, koma pali masukulu atatu asukulu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ndalamazo. ”
Ophunzira ku West Point, omwe alibe ufulu wachibadwidwe, amatha kufufuzira zipinda zawo ndi ankhondo ndi alonda nthawi iliyonse, popanda chifukwa chofunira. Aphunzitsi, ogwira ntchito, ndi ma cadet amauzidwa kuti awone zolakwika ndi ena ndiku "wongolera ". Lamulo lofananako la Chilungamo Chankhondo limaletsa kuyankhula "mopanda ulemu" kwa oyang'anira apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa ulemu kuti munthu aziyembekezera kuyambitsa zomwe Bakken akuwonetsa kuti zikuwonjezera: nkhanza, khungu lowonda, komanso prima donna kapena machitidwe apolisi ngati omwe amadalira pa iyo.
Mwa omaliza maphunziro a West Point, 74% akuti anali andale "osasamala" poyerekeza ndi 45 peresenti ya omaliza maphunziro aku koleji; ndipo 95% akuti "America ndiye dziko labwino kwambiri padziko lapansi" poyerekeza ndi 77 peresenti kuposa onse. Bakken akuwonetsa Pulofesa Pete Kilner waku West Point ngati chitsanzo cha munthu yemwe amagawana ndikulimbikitsa malingaliro otere. Ndanena pagulu zokambirana ndi Kilner ndipo adamupeza ali kutali ndi odzipereka, ochepera. Amapereka chithunzi chokhala osakhala nthawi yayitali kunja kwa zida zankhondo, ndikuyembekeza kuyamikiridwa chifukwa.
Bakken akulemba kuti: "Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe anthu ambiri amachita zachinyengo pantchito yankhondo, ndikunyoza anthu, kuphatikiza malamulo a anthu wamba." Kuchitira zachiwerewere kukukulira, osati kuchepa, m'gulu lankhondo laku US. Bakken akulemba kuti: "Gulu Lankhondo likamaimba," akulemba, kuti adzagwiritsa ntchito 'macheka' kudula mkazi 'pakati' ndikusungabe 'theka lakumunsi ndikupatseni apamwamba,' akufotokoza kaonedwe ka dziko. ”
Bakken analemba kuti: "Kafukufuku yemwe wachitika pakati pa atsogoleri azankhondo asonyeza kuti milandu ili ponseponse," asanafufuze. Njira zomwe asirikali amachita pankhani zachiwerewere ndi oyang'anira wamkulu, monga a Bakken, amafanizira moyenera ndi machitidwe a Tchalitchi cha Katolika.
Mphamvu yakudzitetezera komanso kuyenera sikumangokhala kwa anthu ochepa, koma ndizokhazikika. Mwamuna wina ku San Diego ndipo amadziwika kuti Fat Leonard anali ndi maphwando ambiri azogonana ku Asia kwa maofesi apamadzi aku US posinthana ndi chidziwitso chachinsinsi pamalingaliro a Navy.
Ngati zomwe zimachitika mgulu lankhondo zikadakhala zankhondo, vuto likadakhala laling'ono kwambiri kuposa momwe lilili. M'malo mwake, ophunzira aku West Point awononga dziko lapansi. Amayang'anira magulu apamwamba ankhondo aku US ndipo akhala nawo zaka zambiri. Malinga ndi wolemba mbiri wina, a Bakken, a Douglas MacArthur, "adadzizungulira" ndi amuna omwe "sangasokoneze dziko lamaloto lodzilambira lomwe adasankha kukhalamo." MacArthur, kumene, adabweretsa China kunkhondo yaku Korea, adayesa kutembenuza nkhondo yankhondo, anali gawo lalikulu lakufa kwa mamiliyoni, ndipo anali - mosowa kwambiri - adawombera.
Malinga ndi wolemba mbiri ya a Bakken, a William Westmoreland, anali ndi "malingaliro ochulukirapo kotero kuti amadzutsa mafunso ofunikira a kuzindikira kwake komwe nkhondoyo idamenyedwera." Westmoreland, zachidziwikire, adapha anthu ambiri ku Vietnam ndipo, monga MacArthur, adayesetsa kupanga nkhondoyi nyukiliya.
Bakken akulemba kuti: "Kuzindikira kuchuluka kwakukula kwa MacArthur ndi Westmoreland, kumapangitsa kuti timvetsetse bwino zofooka zankhondo komanso momwe America ingathetsere nkhondo."
Bakken akulongosola kazembe wopuma pantchito Dennis Blair kuti abweretse zida zankhondo zoletsa kubwezera komanso kubwezera boma m'boma mu 2009 ndikupanga njira yatsopano yoimbira oimbira milandu pansi pa Espionage Act, kutsutsa ofalitsa ngati Julian Assange, ndikupempha oweruza kuti amange atolankhani mpaka akawulule magwero. Blair mwiniwake wanena izi ngati kugwiritsa ntchito njira zankhondo kuboma.
Olipirawo amanama. Oyankhula zankhondo amanama. Mlandu womwe umaperekedwa pagulu pa nkhondo iliyonse (nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi andale wamba monga ankhondo) ndiwosakhulupirika kotero kuti wina adalemba buku lotchedwa Nkhondo Ndi Bodza. Monga a Bakken anena, Watergate ndi Iran-Contra ndi zitsanzo za ziphuphu zoyendetsedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha asirikali. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, pamndandanda wazabodza zazikulu komanso zazing'ono komanso zokhumudwitsa zomwe zimapezeka munyengo yankhondo pali izi: omwe amapatsidwa udindo woyang'anira zida za nyukiliya amanama, amabera, kuledzera, ndikugwa - ndipo amatero kwazaka zambiri osasankhidwa, potero zamoyo zonse zapadziko lapansi.
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, Secretary of the Navy wabodza ku Congress kuti masukulu opitilira 1,100 aku US adaletsa olemba usilikali. Ine ndi mnzanga tidapereka mphotho ngati aliyense atha kudziwa imodzi mwasukulu izi. Inde, palibe amene akanatha. Chifukwa chake, wolankhulira Pentagon adauza mabodza ena atsopano kuti abise wakalewo. Osati kuti aliyense amasamala - koposa Congress. Palibe membala wa Congress yemwe ananama yemwe akanatha kubweretsedwa mpaka kunena mawu amodzi za izi; M'malo mwake, adaonetsetsa kuti anthu omwe amasamala za nkhaniyi asamamve zomwe Secretary of the Navy anali kuchitira umboni. Mlembi adathamangitsidwa miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, milungu ingapo yapitayo, chifukwa chochita mgwirizano ndi Purezidenti Trump kumbuyo kwa Secretary of Defense, popeza onse atatu anali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana amomwe angavomereze kapena kukhululukira kapena kulemekeza nkhondo inayake. milandu.
Njira imodzi yomwe ziwawa zimafalikira kuchoka ku usirikali kupita ku US ndikuchita zachiwawa za ankhondo, omwe mwadala amapanga mndandanda oponya miyendo. Sabata ino, awomberedwa kawiri ku US Navy ku US, onsewa ndi amuna ophunzitsidwa ndi asitikali aku US, m'modzi mwa iwo ndi munthu waku Saudi wophunzitsira ku Florida kuyendetsa ndege (komanso maphunziro owathandizira kwambiri mwankhanza mwankhanza padziko lapansi) - zonsezi zikuwoneka kuti zikusonyeza kuti zankhondo zikubwerezabwereza komanso zopanda pake. Bakken akunena za kafukufuku yemwe mu 2018 adapeza kuti apolisi aku Dallas omwe anali omenyera nkhondo anali othekera kwambiri kuwombera mfuti zawo ali pantchito, ndikuti pafupifupi mmodzi mwa atatu mwa apolisi onse omwe adawomberedwa anali zigawenga. Mu 2017 wophunzira waku West Point mwachionekere anali wokonzekera kuwombera anthu ambiri ku West Point komwe kudalephereka.
Ambiri atipempha kuti tivomereze umboniwo osavomereza kufalitsa nkhani zankhanza ngati My Lai kapena Abu Ghraib ngati zochitika zodziwikiratu. Bakken akutifunsa kuti tisamangodziwa njira zomwe ziliri ponseponse komanso komwe zimachokera mchikhalidwe chomwe chimatsata komanso kulimbikitsa ziwawa zopanda nzeru.
Ngakhale amagwira ntchito ya usitikali waku US ngati profesa ku West Point, Bakken akuwonetsa kulephera konse kwa asirikali, kuphatikiza zaka za 75 zapitazo za nkhondo zotayika. Bakken ndiowona modabwitsa komanso molondola pankhani zowerengera anthu ovulala komanso zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chowononga komanso chosavomerezeka cha anthu opanda nzeru omwe amapha gulu lankhondo laku US padziko lapansi.
Otsatira asanafike ku US adawona asitikali monga momwe anthu okhala pafupi ndi malo ankhondo aku US m'maiko akunja amawawona lero: ngati "malo odyetsera zoipa." Mwa njira iliyonse yanzeru, malingaliro omwewo ayenera kukhala ofala ku United States pompano. Asitikali aku US mwina ndi bungwe lopambana kwambiri pamalingaliro ake (komanso m'mawu ena) mdziko la US, demokalase yocheperako, m'modzi mwa achifwamba komanso achinyengo kwambiri, komabe mosasunthika komanso modabwitsa kwambiri pazovota. Bakken akufotokoza momwe kutamanda kumeneku kumapangitsira gulu lankhondo. Ikukhalanso ndi mantha pagulu zikafika pokana nkhondo.
"Atsogoleri" ankhondo masiku ano amatengedwa ngati akalonga. Bakken alemba kuti: "Masiku ano oyang'anira nyenyezi anayi ndi oyang'anira ndege amayendetsedwa pa jets osati kuntchito kokha koma komanso ku ski, tchuthi, ndi malo ogulitsira gofu (234 magulu ankhondo a gofu) oyendetsedwa ndi asitikali aku US padziko lonse lapansi, limodzi ndi othandiza, madalaivala, alonda, oyang'anira zophika, ndi ma valets onyamula zikwama zawo. " Bakken akufuna kuti izi zithe ndipo amakhulupirira kuti zikugwirizana ndi kuthekera kwa asitikali aku US kuchita bwino zomwe akuganiza kuti ziyenera kuchita. Ndipo Bakken molimba mtima amalemba izi ngati pulofesa wamba ku West Point yemwe adapambana mlandu kukhothi motsutsana ndi asitikali chifukwa chobwezera kuyimba kwake lipenga.
Koma Bakken, monga ma whistleblower ambiri, amasunga phazi limodzi mkati momwe iye akuwululira. Monga nzika iliyonse yaku US, ali ndi vuto Nkhondo Yadziko II nthano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziganiza kuti nkhondo zitha kuchitidwa bwino komanso moyenera.
Tsiku Losangalala la Pearl Harbor, aliyense!
Monga owonera ambiri a MSNBC ndi CNN, Bakken ali ndi vuto la Russiagatism. Onani mawu odabwitsa awa m'buku lake: "Othandizira ochepa aku Russia achita zambiri kuti athetse chisankho cha Purezidenti wa 2016 ndi demokalase yaku America kuposa zida zonse za Cold War zomwe zidaphatikizidwa, ndipo asitikali aku US adasowa chochita kuti awaletse. Anakhalabe ndi malingaliro osiyana, omwe ankagwira ntchito zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu zapitazo. ”
Zachidziwikire, zonena zakutchire za Russiagate zonena kuti a Trump akuyanjana ndi Russia kuti ayesere kukopa zisankho mu 2016 sizikuphatikizaponso zonena kuti izi zidakhudza kapena "zidasokoneza" chisankho. Koma, zowonadi, mawu aliwonse aku Russiagate amatsutsa lingaliro lopusalo kapena - monga pano - momveka bwino. Pakadali pano nkhondo yankhondo ya Cold War idatsimikiza zotsatira za zisankho zingapo ku US. Ndiye pali vuto loti asitikali aku US abwere ndi ziwembu zotsutsana ndi kutsatsa kwa Facebook. Zoonadi? Kodi ayenera kuphulitsa ndani? Zingati? Motani? Bakken amangokhalira kudandaula chifukwa cha kusowa kwa luntha m'magulu apolisi, koma ndi mtundu wanji wa nzeru zomwe zitha kupanga mitundu yoyenera yakupha anthu ambiri kuti aletse kutsatsa kwa Facebook?
Bakken adandaula chifukwa cholephera kwa asitikali aku US kuti alande dziko lapansi, komanso kupambana kwa omwe akuwakana nawo. Koma satipatsa konse mkangano wofunikiranso wolamulira wapadziko lonse lapansi. Amati akukhulupirira kuti cholinga cha nkhondo zaku US ndikufalitsa demokalase, kenako nadzudzula nkhondozo ngati zolephera pamalangizo amenewo. Amakankhira zabodza zankhondo zomwe zimapangitsa North Korea ndi Iran kuti ziwopseze United States, ndikuwonetsa kuti awaopseza ngati umboni woti asitikali aku US alephera. Ndikadanena kuti kupangitsa ngakhale omwe amatsutsawo kuganiza mwanjira imeneyi ndi umboni woti asitikali aku US apambana - makamaka pazofalitsa.
Malinga ndi a Bakken, nkhondo zimayendetsedwa bwino, nkhondo zimatayika, ndipo oyendetsa ntchito osakwanira amalingalira njira "zopambana". Koma m'buku lake lonse (kupatula vuto lake pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse) Bakken amapereka chitsanzo chimodzi cha nkhondo yoyendetsedwa bwino kapena yopambana ndi United States kapena wina aliyense. Kuti vutoli ndilopanda kudziwa ndipo akazitape opanda nzeru ndizosavuta kupanga, ndipo Bakken amapereka umboni wokwanira. Koma samatchulapo zomwe akazembe anzeru angachite - pokhapokha zitakhala izi: siyani bizinesi yankhondo.
"Maofesala omwe akutsogolera asitikali masiku ano akuwoneka kuti sangathe kupambana pankhondo zamakono," a Bakken alemba. Koma samafotokoza kapena kutanthauzira momwe winayo angawonekere, momwe zingakhalire. Aliyense wamwalira? Colony idakhazikitsidwa? Boma lamtendere lodziyimira palokha lomwe latsala kuti litsegule United States? Dziko loyimira lokhala ndi ziwonetsero za demokalase zomwe zatsalira kupatula pazofunikira zochepa za US zomwe zikumangidwa kumeneko?
Nthawi ina, a Bakken amatsutsa chisankho chopita kukachita ntchito zazikulu zankhondo ku Vietnam "m'malo molimbana ndi nkhondo." Koma sawonjezeranso chiganizo chimodzi chofotokozera zabwino zomwe "kutsutsana" kungabweretse ku Vietnam.
Zolephera zomwe Bakken amafotokoza chifukwa choyendetsedwa ndi zipolowe za apolisi, kusakhulupirika, ndi katangale zonse ndi nkhondo kapena kuchuluka kwa nkhondo. Onse ndi olephera mbali imodzimodzi: kupha anthu mopanda nzeru. Palibe paliponse pamene akunena kuti tsoka limodzi lidapangidwa chifukwa choletsa kapena kutetezera zokambirana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri malamulo kapena mgwirizano kapena kuwolowa manja. Palibe paliponse pomwe akunena kuti nkhondo inali yaying'ono kwambiri. Kulikonse kumene samakoka ngakhale a Rwanda, akunena kuti nkhondo yomwe sinachitike iyenera kukhala.
Bakken akufuna njira ina yayikulu pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi zankhondo koma sanalongosole chifukwa chomwe njirayi iyenera kuphatikizira kupha anthu ambiri. Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimaletsa zosagwirizana ndi zachiwawa? Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimaletsa kubweza asitikali mpaka atapita? Ndi bungwe liti lomwe lingalepheretu kwa mibadwomibadwo ndipo omwe amatsutsa ake ovuta kwambiri akufuna kuti lisinthidwe, m'malo mochimitsa?
Bakken akudandaula kupatukana ndi kudzipatula kwa asirikali kuchokera kwa wina aliyense, komanso gulu lankhondo laling'ono. Akunena zowona zavuto lodzipatula, ndipo mwina mwina - ndikuganiza - yankho, popeza akufuna kupangitsa asitikali kukhala ngati anthu wamba, osati kungopangitsa dziko lankhondo kukhala lankhondo. Koma amasiya kuganiza zakufunanso omaliza: azimayi pokonzekera, wankhondo yemwe amapanga anthu ochulukirapo kuposa 1 peresenti ya anthu. Malingaliro owopsa awa samatsutsidwa, ndipo sangatsutsidwe moyenera.
Nthawi ina, a Bakken akuwoneka kuti akumvetsetsa momwe nkhondo zachikale ziliri, polemba kuti, "Kalelo komanso ku America yaulimi, komwe anthu amakhala kwayokha, zoopsa zilizonse zakunja zinali zowopsa pagulu lonse. Koma lero, chifukwa cha zida zake za nyukiliya komanso zida zake zambiri, komanso zida zamkati zamkati zamapolisi, America sichiwopsezedwa. Pansi pazochitika zonse, nkhondo iyenera kukhala yocheperako kuposa kale; , kuchepa kwa maiko padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula chimodzi: United States. ”
Posachedwa ndidayankhula ndi gulu la ophunzira eyiti, ndipo ndidawauza kuti dziko limodzi lili ndi magulu ankhondo akunja ambiri padziko lapansi. Ndinawafunsa kuti atchule dzikolo. Ndipo adatchulanso mndandanda wamayiko omwe akusowabe gulu lankhondo laku US: Iran, North Korea, ndi zina zambiri. Zidatenga nthawi yayitali ndikuyenda mosadukiza aliyense asanaganize "United States." United States imadziwuza yokha kuti si ufumu, ngakhale poganiza kuti thunthu lake lachifumu silingakhale lofunsidwa. Bakken ali ndi malingaliro pazomwe achite, koma siziphatikizira kuchepa kwa ndalama zankhondo kapena kutseka mabizinesi akunja kapena kuletsa kugulitsa zida.
Poyamba, akufuna kuti nkhondo zimenyedwe "pongodziteteza." Izi akutiuza kuti zikadapewetsa nkhondo zingapo koma kuloleza nkhondo ku Afghanistan kwa "chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri." Iye samalongosola izo. Sanenapo zavuto lodana nawo nkhondoyo. Sapereka chitsogozo choti atidziwitse za kuukira mayiko osauka omwe ali pakati padziko lonse lapansi kuyenera kukhala ngati "kudziteteza" mtsogolomo, kapena zaka zingati zomwe ayenera kukhala ndi chizindikirocho, kapena kumene "kupambana" kunali Afghanistan itatha "chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri."
Bakken akuganiza zopatsa ulamuliridwe wocheperako kwa akazitape kunja kwa nkhondowo. Chifukwa chiyani?
Akukakamiza kuti asitikali ankhondo azigwiranso ntchito mokomera anthu ena onse, ndikuchotsa Malamulo Ofanana a Zachilungamo ndi Woweruza Woweruza General Corps. Lingaliro labwino. Mlandu womwe udachitika ku Pennsylvania ukazengedwa mlandu ndi Pennsylvania. Koma pamilandu yomwe yachitika kunja kwa United States, Bakken ali ndi malingaliro ena. Malo amenewo sayenera kutsutsa milandu yomwe imachitika. United States iyenera kukhazikitsa makhothi kuti achite izi. Khothi Lalikulu Ladziko Lonse silikusowanso pamalingaliro a Bakken, ngakhale anali ndi mbiri yakuwononga kwa khothi ku US koyambirira kwa bukuli.
Bakken akufuna kuti asinthe maphunziro azankhondo aku US kukhala mayunivesite wamba. Ndingavomereze ngati amayang'ana kwambiri maphunziro amtendere osayang'aniridwa ndi boma lankhondo la United States.
Pomaliza, a Bakken akufuna kuti abwezere mlandu wobwezera ufulu wankhondo wankhondo. Malingana ngati gulu lankhondo lilipo, ndikuganiza kuti ndi lingaliro labwino - ndipo lomwe lingafupikitse kutalika kwa nthawi (kuti asirikali alipo) pakadapanda kuthekera koti kungachepetse chiopsezo cha apocalypse ya nyukiliya (kulola chilichonse kukhalapo kukhala kwakanthawi pang'ono).
Nanga bwanji za kayendetsedwe ka boma? Nanga bwanji zofuna kuti Congress kapena anthu avote nkhondo zisanachitike? Nanga bwanji kuthetsa mabungwe achinsinsi ndi nkhondo zachinsinsi? Nanga bwanji poletsa kupikisana kwa adani am'tsogolo kuti apange phindu? Nanga bwanji kukhazikitsa lamulo ku boma la US, osati pa ma cade? Nanga bwanji kutembenukira ku nkhondo kupita kumakampani amtendere?
Kusanthula kwa Bakken pazomwe sizili bwino ndi asitikali aku US ndikothandiza kutifikitsa kumalingaliro osiyanasiyana ngati angawathandize kapena ayi.
