Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, June 1, 2020
Nkhondo yaku Vietnam ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri m'mbiri modziwika bwino wokhala nzika ya US kuposa zomwe boma la US lidachita ku Indonesia mu 1965-1966. Koma ngati muwerenga Njira Ya Jakarta, buku latsopano lolemba ndi Vincent Bevins, mungafunike kudandaula kuti kodi lingakhale ndi chifukwa chotani pamenepa.
Pankhondo ku Vietnam gawo laling'ono la ovulala linali mamembala ankhondo aku US. Panthawi yakugonjetsedwa ku Indonesia, zero peresenti ya ovulala omwe anali asitikali aku US. Nkhondo yaku Vietnam ikhoza kupha anthu pafupifupi 3.8 miliyoni, osawerengera omwe angamwalire pambuyo pake chifukwa cha poizoni wazachilengedwe kapena chifukwa chofuna kudzipha, komanso osawerengera Laos kapena Cambodia. Kuwonongedwa kwa Indonesia mwina kupha anthu 1 miliyoni. Koma tiyeni tionenso pang'ono.
Nkhondo yaku Vietnam idalephera kwa asitikali aku US. Kugonjetsedwa ku Indonesia kunali bwino. Zakale zidasintha pang'ono mdziko. Izi zinali zofunikira kwambiri pakuwononga kusayanjanitsidwa kwa maboma apadziko lonse lapansi, komanso kukhazikitsa mfundo 'yosowa' mwakachetechete ndikuzunza ndi kupha anthu ambiri ozungulira padziko lonse lapansi. Ndondomekoyi idatengedwa ndi akuluakulu aku US kuchokera ku Indonesia kupita ku Latin America ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa Operation Condor komanso mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi wotsogolera ndi US wothandizidwa ndi US.
Njira ya Jakarta idagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, ndi Uruguay mu 1970 ndi 1980s, mpaka anthu 60,000 mpaka 80,000 omwe adaphedwa. Chida chomwechi chidatengedwa kupita ku Vietnam mu 1968-1972 pansi pa dzina la Operation Phoenix (50,000 anaphedwa), Iraq 1963 ndi 1978 (5,000 anaphedwa), Mexico 1965-1982 (1,300 anaphedwa), Philippines 1972-1986 (3,250 anaphedwa), Thailand 1973 (3,000 anaphedwa), Sudan 1971 (ochepera 100 anaphedwa), East Timor 1975-1999 (300,000 anaphedwa), Nicaragua 1979-1989 (50,000 anaphedwa), El Salvador 1979-1992 (75,000 aphedwa), Honduras 1980-1993 (200 anapha), Colombia 1985-1995 (3,000-5,000 anaphedwa), kuphatikiza malo ena momwe njira zofananazi zidayamba kale, monga Taiwan 1947 (10,000 anaphedwa), South Korea 1948-1950 (100,000 mpaka 200,000 aphedwa), Guatemala 1954-1996 (200,000 anaphedwa), ndipo Venezuela 1959-1970 (500-1,500 anaphedwa).
Awa ndi manambala a Bevins, koma mndandandawo sukwanira, ndipo zovuta zonse sizingamvetsetsedwe osazindikira momwe izi zimadziwikira padziko lonse lapansi kunja kwa United States, komanso momwe kupha kumeneku kunapangitsa kungowopseza kuti apitilizabe kupha maboma posonkhezera maboma kutsatira mfundo zomwe zimavulaza anthu awo - osatinso mkwiyo ndi blowback zomwe zidatulutsidwa. Ndangoyankhulana ndi John Perkins, wolemba wa Kuvomereza kwa Munthu Wachuma, pa Talk Nation Radio, zokhudzana ndi buku lake latsopano, ndipo nditamufunsa kuti ndi mautani angati omwe adakwaniritsidwa popanda kufunikira konse, pongowopseza, yankho lake lidali "losawerengeka."
Njira Ya Jakarta chimamveketsa bwino mfundo zina zoyambirira zomwe malingaliro ofala a mbiriyakale amalakwika. Cold War sinapambane, capitalism sinafalikire, mphamvu yaku US sinakulitsidwe mwa chitsanzo kapena ngakhale kukwezedwa kwa Hollywood pachinthu china chofunikira, komanso makamaka pakupha unyinji wa amuna, akazi, ndi ana okhala ndi khungu lakuda osauka mayiko osapha asitikali aku US kuphedwa zomwe zikadapangitsa kuti wina ayambe kusamalira. Chinsinsi chobisalira, CIA komanso msuzi wa zilembo zamabungwe omwe satha kuwerengeka sizinachite chilichonse pazaka zapitazi kudzera mukuzonda komanso kusinkhasinkha - zoyesayesazo nthawi zambiri sizinali zopindulitsa mwa iwo okha. Zida zomwe zidalanda maboma ndikukhazikitsa mfundo zamakampani ndikunyamula phindu ndi zopangira ndi ntchito zotsika mtengo sizinali zida zokhazokha osati kokha kaloti zothandiza olamulira mwankhanza, komanso, makamaka choyambirira: chikwanje, chingwe, mfuti, bomba, ndi waya wamagetsi.
Ntchito zokupha anthu ku Indonesia sizinakhalepo zamatsenga pena paliponse, ngakhale zinali zatsopano pamlingo wawo ndi kupambana kwake. Ndipo sizinadalire chisankho chimodzi ku White House, ngakhale kusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku JFK kupita ku LBJ kunali kovuta. United States yakhala ikukonzekera asitikali aku Indonesia ku United States kwa zaka zambiri, komanso kumenya gulu lankhondo la Indonesia kwa zaka zambiri. US idatenga kazembe wamtendere ku Indonesia ndikuyika wina yemwe adachita nawo zankhanza ku South Korea. CIA idapangitsa mtsogoleri wawo watsopano ku Indonesia adalemba zisanachitike, komanso mndandanda wautali wa "achikominisi" omwe ayenera kuphedwa. Ndipo kotero iwo anali. A Bevins akuti akuluakulu a US adaperekanso kale mndandanda wofanizira kupha anthu ku Guatemala 1954 ndi Iraq 1963. Ndikukayikira kuti South Korea 1949-1950 ingakhale nawo m'ndandandandawo.
Kuwonongedwa kwa Indonesia kudateteza ndikukulitsa phindu la makampani amafuta aku US, makampani amigodi, eni minda, ndi mabungwe ena. Momwe magazi amayendera, ma media aku US adanenanso kuti anthu obwerera Kumbuyo akangochita zokhazokha komanso popanda cholinga chokhala ndi moyo sakhala ndi mtengo wofunika (ndipo palibe wina amene akuyenera kuwukhulupirira). Kunena zoona woyambitsa ziwonetserozi komanso amene amayambitsa kupitiliza ntchitoyi anali boma la US. Chipani chachitatu chachikomyunizimu padziko lonse lapansi chidawonongedwa. Woyambitsa gulu lachitatu la World World adachotsedwa. Ndipo boma lonyenga lamapiko olimbana ndi achikomyunizimu linakhazikitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati chitsanzo kwina.
Ngakhale tikudziwa tsopano kuchokera pakufufuza kwa Erica Chenoweth kuti kampeni yopanda kuponderezana komanso kuponderezana kwina yakhala ikuyenda bwino kwambiri ndipo kupambana kumeneko kwakutali kwambiri kuposa kupambana kwa kampeni yankhondo, kudziwa njira iyi kunalepheretsedwa ndikuwononga kwa Indonesia. Padziko lonse lapansi, phunziroli lidaphunziridwa mosiyana ndi ena, omwe azungu ku Indonesia adayenera kukhala zida komanso zankhanza. Phunziroli lidabweretsa mavuto osatha kwa anthu osiyanasiyana kwazaka zambiri.
Buku la Bevins ndi loona mtima kwambiri komanso lopanda tsankho pakati pa US (kapena zotsutsana ndi US pankhaniyi). Pali chosiyana chimodzi, ndipo ndichodziwikiratu: Nkhondo Yadziko II. Malinga ndi a Bevins, asitikali aku United States adamenya nawo nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse kuti amasule andende m'misasa yakupha, ndipo adapambana nkhondoyo. Mphamvu ya nthano iyi popititsa patsogolo mapulogalamu a kupha anthu ambiri omwe Bevins amamutsutsa sayenera kuyerekezedwa. Boma la US nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanachitike komanso ili mkati, anakana kuthamangitsa omwe akuwopsezedwa ndi a Nazi, anakana mobwerezabwereza kutenga gawo lililonse lazoyimira kapena zankhondo kuti athetse zoopsazi, ndipo sanagwirizane nawo nkhondoyi poyesetsa kupulumutsa omwe anali mndende mpaka nkhondo itatha - nkhondo yopambana modabwitsa ndi Soviet Union.
