Ndi David Swanson
Kanema watsopano wamphamvu wokhudza zomwe zili zolakwika ndi zoulutsira nkhani zaku US tsopano akuwonetseredwa m'dziko lonselo. Amatchedwa Mithunzi ya Ufulu ndipo mutha kuyika zowonera ngati gawo la sabata yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikubwera ya oimba mlandu otchedwa Imirirani Pachoonadi. Kapena mutha kugula DVD kapena kuigwira pa Link TV. (Kuno ku Charlottesville ndilankhula pamwambowu, Meyi 19, 7pm ku The Bridge.)
Judith Miller ali paulendo wamabuku okonzanso; ndi Washington Post posachedwapa adanena kuti wozunzidwa ndi apolisi ku Baltimore anathyola msana; ndipo maimelo omwe adatulutsidwa posachedwa kuchokera ku dipatimenti ya Boma adapempha Sony kuti atisangalatse pakuthandizira koyenera pankhondo. Kuphatikiza komwe kukuyembekezeka kwa Comcast ndi Time Warner kunali koletsedwa, pakadali pano, koma kukhalapo kwa ma mega-monopolies mumkhalidwe wawo wapano ndiye muzu wavuto, malinga ndi Mithunzi ya Ufulu.
Kulola makampani opeza phindu kuti asankhe zomwe timaphunzira za dziko lapansi ndi boma lathu, kulola makampaniwa kuti aphatikize kukhala kagulu kakang'ono kamene kamayang'anira ma airwaves omwe kale anali anthu, kuwalola kukhala ndi makampani akuluakulu omwe amadalira boma kuti lipange zida zankhondo, ndikuwalola kuti adziwe momwe andale angakhalire ndi anthu komanso kupereka ziphuphu kwa andale ndi "zopereka za kampeni" - izi, pofufuza za Mithunzi ya Ufulu, kugonjera kumeneku kwa malo a anthu kuti apindule nawo payekha ndiko kumapanga nkhani zonyenga, zomwe zilibe chidwi ndi osauka, zomwe zimafalitsa nkhondo, komanso zimatsekereza mtolankhani aliyense amene achoka pamzere.
Kanemayo sikuti amasanthula, koma mwachitsanzo. Chitsanzo choyamba ndi cha malipoti a Roberta Baskin a CBS pa nkhanza za Nike ku Asia. CBS inapha nkhani yake yaikulu kuti Nike apereke ndalama zambiri za CBS kotero kuti CBS inavomereza kuti "atolankhani" ake onse azivala zizindikiro za Nike panthawi ya "kuwulutsa" kwawo Olympic.
Chitsanzo china chochokera ku CBS mufilimuyi ndikuponyedwa pansi kwa TWA flight 800 ndi US Navy, mlandu wamantha komanso kuopseza boma, zomwe ndidalemba pano. monga Mithunzi ya Ufulu akuwonetsa, CBS panthawiyo inali ya Westinghouse yomwe inali ndi mapangano akuluakulu ankhondo. Monga bizinesi yopeza phindu, panalibe kukayikira komwe kungagwirizane pakati pa mtolankhani wabwino ndi Pentagon. (Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mwiniwake wa Washington Post sayenera wina yemwe ali ndi ndalama zochulukirapo kuchokera ku CIA.)
The New York Timesadawoneka ochita chidwi ndi filimu yam'mbuyomu yokhudzana ndi kupha anthu ambiri a TWA Flight 800. The Times adakonda kafukufuku watsopano koma adadandaula chifukwa chakusowa kwa bungwe lililonse lomwe lingathe kufufuza. Boma la US limakhala losadalirika mufilimuyi kotero kuti silingadalirike kuti lidzifufuzenso lokha. Choncho nyuzipepala ina yotchuka, yomwe ntchito yake iyenera kukhala yofufuza za boma, ikuona kuti ilibe kanthu kuti ingachite chiyani popanda boma limene lingathe kuchita ntchito yake yodalirika komanso yodzifunira ndipo limadziimba mlandu. Zomvetsa chisoni. Ngati Nike akupereka kulipira New York Times kufufuza boma!
Chitsanzo china m'ma TV oyipa chikuwonetsa reel in Mithunzi ya Ufulu ndi nkhani ya Gary Webb pofotokoza za CIA ndi crack cocaine, yomwenso inali nkhani ya kanema waposachedwa. Chinanso, mosakayikira, zabodza zomwe zidayambitsa kuwukira kwa Iraq mu 2003. Ndidangowerenga zomwe Judith Miller adachita zomwe zidamuimba mlandu chifukwa chosakonza "zolakwa" zake pomwe mabodza adawululidwa. Sindikuvomereza. Ndimamuimba mlandu chifukwa chofalitsa zonena zomwe zinali zoseketsa panthawiyo komanso zomwe sakanafalitsa ngati zitapangidwa ndi mabungwe omwe si aboma kapena 199 mwa maboma 200 padziko lapansi. Ndi boma la US lokha lomwe limalandila chithandizocho kuchokera kwa anzawo aku US pazaupandu - komanso zinthu zina m'boma la US. Pomwe Colin Powell adanamiza dziko lapansi ndipo dziko lonse lapansi lidaseka, koma atolankhani aku US adagwada pansi, mwana wake wamwamuna adakankhiranso kuphatikizika kwa media. Ndimagwirizana ndi malingaliro a Mithunzi ya Ufulu kudzudzula eni ake a zoulutsira nkhani, koma zimenezo sizichotsa mlandu uliwonse kwa antchito.
Kwa mbiri ya Mithunzi ya Ufulu imaphatikizapo pakati pa nkhani zomwe zimafotokoza zitsanzo za chete media media. Nkhani ya Sibel Edmonds, mwachitsanzo, adayeretsedwa kwathunthu ndi ma media aku US, ngakhale kuti sanali kunja. Chitsanzo china chingakhale Operation Merlin (a CIA akupereka mapulani a nyukiliya ku Iran), osatchulanso kukulitsa kwa Operation Merlin ku Iraq. Dan Ellsberg akunena mu filimuyi kuti mkulu wa boma adzauza nyuzipepala zazikulu kuti asiye nkhani, ndipo malo ena "adzatsatira ndondomeko ya chete."
Mawayilesi apagulu aku US adaperekedwa kumakampani azinsinsi mu 1934 okhala ndi malire akulu omwe adachotsedwa pambuyo pake ndi Reagan ndi Clinton ndi ma Congress omwe adagwira nawo ntchito. Lamulo la Telecom la 1996 lomwe lidasainidwa ndi Clinton lidapanga ma mega-monopolies omwe adawononga nkhani zakomweko ndipo adatsimikizira kale mkazi wake kuti adzasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti wa 2016 potengera ndalama zomwe adzagwiritse ntchito pazotsatsa zapa TV.
Makanema oyipa atolankhani akupeza kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kakuyenda bwino, koma kwenikweni sizochitika zokhazokha. M'malo mwake ndi zitsanzo zonyanyira zomwe zaphunzitsa maphunziro kwa "atolankhani" ena osawerengeka omwe ayesetsa kusunga ntchito zawo posatuluka pamzere poyambirira.
Vuto la makampani ofalitsa nkhani sizochitika zenizeni, koma momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse lipoti pa chirichonse kuphatikizapo boma (zomwe nthawi zonse zimatanthauza bwino) ndi nkhondo (payenera kukhala nthawi zonse) ndi chuma (ziyenera kukula ndikulemeretsa osunga ndalama) ndi anthu ( ali opanda mphamvu ndi opanda mphamvu). Mizere yankhani yomwe imawononga kwambiri si nthawi zonse yomwe imakhala yoyipa kwambiri. M'malo mwake, ndi omwe amapita kuchipinda cha echo-chamber.
The Washington Post nthawizina imavomereza ndendende zomwe imalakwitsa koma imadalira anthu ambiri kuti asazindikire konse, chifukwa nkhani zoterozo sizidzabwerezedwa ndi kukambidwa m’mapepala onse ndi m’mawonetsero onse.
Malinga ndi Mithunzi ya Ufulu, 40-70% ya "nkhani" imachokera ku malingaliro omwe amachokera ku madipatimenti a PR amakampani. Chigawo china chabwino, ndikukayikira, chimachokera m'madipatimenti aboma a PR. Anthu ambiri ku US muvoti yomaliza yomwe ndidawona amakhulupirira kuti Iraq idapindula ndi nkhondo ya Iraq ndipo inali yothokoza. Kafukufuku wa Gallup wa mayiko a 65 kumapeto kwa 2013 adapeza kuti US imakhulupirira kuti ndiyomwe imayambitsa mtendere padziko lapansi, koma mkati mwa US, chifukwa cha mabodza abodza, Iran idawonedwa kuti ndiyoyenera kulemekezedwa.
The Usiku wawonetsera nthawi zonse amafunsa anthu ngati angatchule senator ndiyeno ngati angatchule munthu wojambula, ndi zina zotero, kusonyeza kuti anthu amadziwa zinthu zopusa. Pa ha. Koma umo ndi momwe ma TV amapangira anthu, ndipo momveka bwino boma la US silimatsutsa mokwanira kuti lichite chilichonse. Ngati palibe amene akudziwa dzina lanu, sadzakutsutsani posachedwa. Ndipo palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa kuti adzasankhidwanso.
Mithunzi ya Ufulu ndi lalitali pavuto ndi kusowa kwa njira yothetsera vutolo, koma phindu lake ndi posonyeza anthu kuti alimvetse vutolo. Ndipo yankho loperekedwa ndi loyenera, momwe lingakhalire. Yankho loperekedwa ndikutsegula intaneti ndikuigwiritsa ntchito. Ndikuvomereza. Ndipo imodzi mwa njira zomwe tiyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndikufalitsa malipoti akunja ku United States omwe amaposa malipoti apanyumba. Ngati zoulutsira nkhani zimakonda kufotokoza bwino za mayiko omwe sanakhazikike, komabe zonse zikupezeka pa intaneti, tiyenera kuyamba kupeza ndikuwerenga zofalitsa za dziko lathu lopangidwa ndi ena. Pochita izi, mwina titha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zomwe 95% ya anthu amaganiza za 5%. Ndipo potero mwina tikhoza kufooketsa utundu pang’ono.
Ma media odziyimira pawokha ndiye yankho lomwe laperekedwa, osati zofalitsa za anthu onse, osati kubwezeretsanso zoulutsira nkhani zamakampani kukhala mawonekedwe ake omwe sanali owopsa kwambiri. Kuchepa kwa zipinda zofalitsa nkhani kuyenera kudandaula, komabe, koma mwina kulembedwa ntchito kwa zipinda zofalitsa nkhani zakunja ndi olemba mabulogu odziyimira pawokha atha kuchepetsa kutayikako m'njira yomwe kupempha olamulira kuti achite bwino sikungakwaniritse. Ndikuganiza kuti gawo la yankho likupanga zoulutsira zodziyimira pawokha zabwinoko, koma gawo lina ndikupeza, kuwerenga, kuyamikira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zoulutsa zodziyimira pawokha komanso zakunja. Ndipo gawo lina lakusintha kwamalingaliro kuyenera kukhala kusiya lingaliro lopanda pake la "cholinga," chomwe chimamveka ngati kusayang'ana. Gawo lina liyenera kufotokozeranso zenizeni zathu kukhalapo popanda dalitso la zoulutsira nkhani zamakampani, kuti tikhoze kudzozedwa kuti tipange magulu omenyera ufulu ngakhale ali pa TV yamakampani kapena ayi. Izi zikuphatikizanso, kukakamiza ofalitsa odziyimira pawokha kuti akhazikitse ndalama m'nkhani zomwe mabungwe amazinyalanyaza, osati kungoyang'ana kubwerezanso bwino nkhani zomwe mabungwe amanena zolakwika.
Ma media odziyimira pawokha akhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri yomwe titha kupeza ndalama zoperekedwa kuzinthu zothandiza. Chaka chotsatira ndi theka ndi mwayi weniweni, chifukwa dongosolo lachisankho la US losweka kotheratu likuyembekeza mazana a madola mamiliyoni ambiri kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zolinga zabwino kuti aperekedwe kwa osankhidwa kuti apereke ku ma TV omwe tinawapatsa ma airwaves athu. Nanga bwanji ngati titabisa ndalamazo ndikumanga zathu zoulutsira mawu komanso zolimbikitsa ziwonetsero? Ndipo bwanji mukuganiza za ziwirizi (zofalitsa ndi zolimbikitsa) ngati zosiyana? Ndikuganiza kuti oweruza akadali kunja The Intercept monga zatsopano zodziyimira pawokha, koma ndizopambana kale kuposa za Washington Post.
Palibe zoulutsira zodziyimira pawokha zomwe zingakhale zangwiro. Ndikulakalaka Mithunzi ya Ufulu sanalemekeze kusintha kwa America ku phokoso la mizinga. Pambuyo pake timamva Purezidenti Reagan akutcha Contras "makhalidwe ofanana ndi makolo athu oyambirira" pamene filimuyi ikuwonetsa mitembo - ngati kuti kusintha kwa America sikunapange chimodzi mwa izo. Koma mfundo yoti makina osindikizira aulere, monga momwe adanenera ndikusintha koyamba, ndikofunikira pakudzilamulira ndikulondola. Chinthu choyamba pakupanga ufulu wa atolankhani ndikudziwitsa poyera kusapezeka kwake komanso zomwe zimayambitsa.
