NKHONDO SIDAKHALIDWE KUKHALA KWAMBIRI

Lingaliro lakuti nkhondo imachotsedwa chifukwa cha ubwino wa anthu sangayambe kuoneka ngakhale yoyenera kuyankha. Nkhondo zimapha anthu. Nchiyani chingakhale chithandizo cha izo? Koma yang'anani mtundu wa mauthenga omwe amagulitsa bwino nkhondo zatsopano:

"Nkhondo iyi inayambira Aug. 2, pamene wolamulira wankhanza wa Iraq anaukira mudzi wawung'ono ndi wosathandiza. Kuwait, membala wa Mgwirizano wa Aluya ndi membala wa United Nations, anaphwanyidwa, anthu ake anazunzidwa. Miyezi isanu yapitayi, Saddam Hussein adayambitsa nkhondo yoopsa ndi Kuwait; usikuuno, nkhondoyo yakhala yolumikizidwa. "

Pulezidenti Bush the Elder adalankhula motere poyambitsa nkhondo ya Gulf mu 1991. Iye sananene kuti akufuna kupha anthu. Ananena kuti akufuna kumasula anthu osautsika omwe amawapondereza, omwe angaganizidwe kuti ndi otsala m'maboma apakhomo, koma lingaliro lomwe likuwoneka kuti likuthandiza kwenikweni nkhondo. Ndipo apa pali Purezidenti Clinton akulankhula za Yugoslavia zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kenako:

"Pamene ndinalamula asilikali athu kumenyana, tinali ndi zolinga zitatu zomveka bwino: kuthandiza anthu a Kosovra, omwe anazunzidwa kwambiri ku Ulaya kuyambira nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse, kubwerera kwawo ndi chitetezo ndi boma ; kufunsa asilikali a ku Serbia kuti azitha kuchoka ku Kosovo; ndi kutumiza gulu la chitetezo padziko lonse, ndi NATO pachimake, kuti ateteze anthu onse a dziko lovutako, Aserbia ndi Alubania chimodzimodzi. "

Onaninso pamaganizo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse nkhondo zomwe zikupita zaka zambiri:

"Sitidzasiya anthu a Iraq."
- Mlembi wa boma Colin Powell, August 13, 2003.

"United States sidzasiya Iraq."
- Purezidenti George W. Bush, March, 21, 2006.

Ngati ndalowa m'nyumba yanu, ndikuphwanya mawindo, ndikuphwanya zipangizo, ndikupha theka la banja lanu, kodi ndiyenera kukhala ndi usiku? Kodi zikanakhala nkhanza komanso zosasamala kuti ine "ndikusiye" ngakhale mutandilimbikitsa kuti ndichoke? Kapena kodi ndi ntchito yanga, mosiyana, kuchoka nthawi yomweyo ndikutembenukira ku polisi wapafupi? Nkhondo zitatha ku Afghanistan ndi ku Iraq zitayamba, mkangano unayamba ngati umenewu. Monga momwe mukuonera, njira ziwirizi zili kutali kwambiri, ngakhale kuti zonsezi zikuwoneka ngati zothandiza. Mmodzi akunena kuti tifunika kukhala owolowa manja, winayo kuti tichite manyazi ndi ulemu. Ndiko kulondola?

Asanafike ku Iraq, Mlembi wa boma, Colin Powell, adanena kuti atauza Purezidenti Bush kuti, "Iwe udzakhala wodzikuza mwini anthu a 25 miliyoni. Mudzakhala ndi ziyembekezo zawo zonse, zolinga zawo, ndi mavuto. Udzakhala ndi zonsezi. "Malingana ndi Bob Woodward," Powell ndi Pulezidenti wa boma, Richard Armitage, adatcha ulamuliro wa Pottery Barn: Iwe umaphwanya, uli nawo. "Senator John Kerry ananenapo ulamuliro pamene akuthamangira perezidenti, ndipo izo zinali ndipo zikuvomerezedwa movomerezeka monga zowonongeka ndi ndale za Republican ndi Democratic mu Washington, DC

Pottery Barn ndi sitolo yomwe ilibe malamulo oterowo, osati chifukwa cha ngozi. N'kosaloledwa m'malamulo ambiri m'dziko lathu kuti tikhale ndi lamulo lotero, kupatulapo chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwakukulu ndi kuwonongeka mwadala. Kufotokozera kumeneku, kumaphatikizapo kuukiridwa kwa Iraq ku T. Chiphunzitso cha "mantha ndi mantha," chokhazikitsa chiwonongeko chochuluka chomwe mdani wakufa ziwalo ndi mantha ndi kusowa thandizo kuyambira kale atatsimikiziridwa kuti ndibe chiyembekezo ndipo sichimveka ngati momwe zikumveka . Sindinagwire ntchito pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse kapena kuyambira pamenepo. Anthu a ku America athamanga ku Japan pambuyo pa mabomba a nyukiliya sanali kugwadira; iwo anali olumidwa. Anthu akhala akulimbana ndi nthawi zonse, monga momwe mungakhalire. Koma mantha ndi mantha akukonzekera kuphatikizapo chiwonongeko chonse cha zowonongeka, kulankhulana, kayendetsedwe, kupanga chakudya ndi kupereka, madzi, ndi zina zotero. Mwa kuyankhula kwina: kukakamizidwa kosaloledwa kosautsa kwa anthu onse. Ngati izo sizikuwonongeka mwadala, ine sindikudziwa chomwe chiri.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Iraq kunayanjananso ngati "kuchepetsa", "kusintha kwa boma." Wolamulira wankhanza anachotsedwapo, kenako anagwidwa, ndipo kenaka anaphedwa pamayesero olakwika omwe adapewa umboni wa zovuta za US ku zolakwa zake. Anthu ambiri a ku Iraq adakondwera ndi kuchotsedwa kwa Saddam Hussein, koma adafulumira kulamula kuti asilikali a United States achoke m'dziko lawo. Kodi izi sizinayamikire? "Tikukuthokozani chifukwa chotsitsa wolamulira wathu. Musalole kuti adiresi akugwedezereni pabulu mutatuluka! "Hmm. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ngati kuti United States ikufuna kukhalabe, ndipo ngati kuti a ku Iraq adatikongoletsa kutilola kukhalabe. Izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi kukhala osakayika kukwaniritsa udindo wathu wa umwini. Ndi chiyani?

Chigawo: OWNING PEOPLE

Kodi munthu amatha bwanji kukhala ndi anthu? N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Powell, wa ku America wa ku America, ena mwa makolo ake omwe anali akapolo ku Jamaica, adamuuza pulezidenti kuti adzakhala ndi anthu ake, omwe ndi anthu amdima omwe Ambiri ambiri amatsutsa. Powell anali kukangana motsutsana ndi kuukiridwa, kapena chenjezo la zomwe zikanakhudzidwa. Koma kodi kukhala ndi anthu ayeneradi kukhala nawo mbali? Ngati United States ndi "mgwirizano wake" wa tsamba la nkhuyu wochokera m'mitundu ina udachoka ku Iraq pamene George W. Bush adalengeza kuti "nthumwi zatha" pa suti ya ndege pa ndege ya San Diego pa May 1, 2003 , ndipo sizinasokoneze asilikali a Iraq, ndipo sizingazunze midzi ndi midzi, osati kuzungulira mafuko amitundu, osati kulepheretsa Iraqis kuti agwire ntchito yokonzanso kuwonongeka, osathamangitsidwa miyandamiyanda ya ku Iraq, ndipo zotsatira zake sizingakhale zabwino, koma pafupifupi ndithu zikanakhala zosautsa zochepa kuposa zomwe zinkachitidwa kwenikweni, kutsatira ndondomeko yokonza nkhokwe.

Kapena bwanji ngati United States idalimbikitsa dziko la Iraq chifukwa cha zida zake, zomwe boma la US linaphunzitsidwa bwino? Bwanji ngati titachotsa asilikali athu kuderalo, kuchotseratu zigawo zazing'ono, ndi kuthetsa chilango chachuma, Mlembi wa boma Madeleine Albright anali akukambirana mu 1996 potsatsa izi pa pulogalamu ya pa TV 60 Minutes:

"LESLEY STAHL: Tamva kuti ana mamiliyoni aŵiri afa. Ndikutanthauza, ndi ana ambiri kuposa kufa ku Hiroshima. Ndipo, mukudziwa, kodi mtengo wake ndi wofunika?

ALBRIGHT: Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndizovuta kwambiri, koma mtengo - timaganiza kuti mtengowu ndi wofunika kwambiri. "

Kodi zinali choncho? Zambiri zatheka kuti nkhondo idakalipo mu 2003? Ana awo sakanakhoza kupulumutsidwa kwa zaka zina zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi zotsatira zofanana zandale? Bwanji ngati United States inagwira ntchito ndi Iraq yomwe ikugonjetsedwa kuti ikulimbikitse ku Middle East, kuphatikizapo mayiko ake onse m'dera lopanda mphamvu za nyukiliya, kulimbikitsa Israeli kuti athetse mphamvu zake za nyukiliya m'malo molimbikitsa dziko la Iran kuti liyesetse kukhala nalo limodzi? George W. Bush adalimbikitsa dziko la Iran, Iraq, ndi North Korea kuti likhale "loyipa," likuukira dziko la Iraq losagonjetsedwa, ndipo linanyalanyaza dziko la North Korea, ndipo linayamba kuopseza Iran. Ukadakhala Iran, ukanafuna chiyani?

Bwanji ngati United States inapereka chithandizo chachuma ku Iraq, Iran, ndi mayiko ena m'derali, ndipo chinawathandiza kuti aziwapatsa (kapena kuchotsa zilango zomwe zikulepheretsa kumanga) mphepo, magetsi a dzuwa, ndi osatha mphamvu zopangira mphamvu, motero kumabweretsa magetsi kwa anthu osati anthu ochepa? Ntchito yotereyi sizingatheke ngati ndalama zokwanira madola mamiliyoni triliyoni pa nkhondo pakati pa 2003 ndi 2010. Kuti tipeze ndalama zina zocheperako, tikhoza kupanga pulogalamu yayikuru yophunzitsa ophunzira pakati pa sukulu za Iraq, Iran, ndi US. Palibe chimene chimalepheretsa nkhondo monga mgwirizano wa abwenzi ndi achibale. Nchifukwa chiyani njira yotereyi siinali yovuta komanso yodalirika komanso yowonongeka monga kulengeza umwini wathu wa dziko la munthu wina chifukwa chakuti ife titha kuimenya?

Gawo la kusagwirizana, ndikuganiza, limabwera chifukwa cholephera kulingalira zomwe bomba likuwoneka ngati. Ngati timaganizira kuti ndiwopanda masewero a pakompyuta omwe amawoneka bwino komanso osapweteka, pomwe "mabomba apamwamba" amapanga Baghdad ndi "opaleshoni" kuchotsa ochita zoipa, ndikupitirizabe kuchitapo kanthu kuti akwaniritse ntchito zathu monga eni nyumba atsopano. Zosavutirako. Ngati, mmalo mwake, tikulingalira zowononga ndi kupha anthu ndi akulu omwe anachitika pamene Baghdad idawomberedwa, ndiye kuti maganizo athu akupempha kupepesa ndi malipiro monga choyamba, ndipo tikuyamba kukayikira ngati tili ndi ufulu kapena kuima kuti azikhala ngati eni ake otsala. Ndipotu, kukanthira mphika ku Pottery Barn kungatipatse malipiro athu ndi kupepesa, osayang'anitsitsa kuswa kwa miphika zambiri.

Chigawo: RACIST GENEROSITY

Chinthu china chachikulu cha kusagwirizana pakati pa anti-potterybarners, ndikuganiza, chikufika ku mphamvu yamphamvu ndi yonyenga yomwe ikufotokozedwa mu chaputala chimodzi: tsankho. Kumbukirani Pulezidenti McKinley akukonzekera kuti azilamulira ku Philippines chifukwa osauka a ku Philippines sakanatha kuchita zomwezo? William Howard Taft, Kazembe Woyamba wa ku America wa ku Philippines, adawatcha Afilipino "abale athu aang'ono." Ku Vietnam, pamene Vietcong inkafuna kupereka moyo wawo wonse popanda kudzipereka, izo zinakhala umboni wakuti anaika pang'ono kufunika pa moyo, umene unakhala umboni wa chikhalidwe chawo choipa, chomwe chinakhala chifukwa chophera ngakhale ambiri.

Ngati tipatula dothi la mbumba kwa mphindi ndikuganiza za lamulo la golidi, timapeza njira yosiyana kwambiri. "Chitani kwa ena monga momwe mukanafunira kuti iwo akuchitireni inu." Ngati mtundu wina unalowera dziko lathu, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali nthawi yomweyo; ngati sakanadziwika mtundu wanji wa boma, ngati ulipo, udzawonekera; ngati fukolo linali pangozi yakuphwanya; ngati pangakhale nkhondo yapachiweniweni kapena chisokonezo; ndipo ngati palibe chotsimikizika, ndi chinthu choyamba chotani chomwe tingafune kuti asilikali omwe akulimbana nawo achite? Ndiko kulondola: chotsani gehena kunja kwa dziko lathu! Ndipo ndithudi ndi zomwe a ku Iraq ambiri amachititsa kuti a United States azichita kwa zaka zambiri. George McGovern ndi William Polk analemba mu 2006:

"N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri a ku Iraq akuganiza kuti United States sichidzachotsa pokhapokha ngati atakakamizidwa kuchita zimenezo. Mwina maganizowa akufotokoza chifukwa chake kufufuza kwa USA Today / CNN / Gallup kunasonyeza kuti a Israeli asanu ndi atatu mwa amodzi onse a ku Iraq ankaona kuti America sikuti ndi 'womasula' koma anali wogwira ntchito, ndipo a 88 peresenti ya Asilamu a Muslim Sunni ankaukira asilikali a ku America. "

Inde, zidole ndi ndandale zomwe zimapindula ndi ntchito zimakonda kuziwona zikupitirira. Koma ngakhale mkati mwa boma la chidole, Nyumba yamalamulo ya Iraq inakana kuvomereza panganoli kuti Atsogoleri a Bush Bush ndi Maliki adakonzekera ku 2008 kuti athe kuwonjezera ntchitoyi kwa zaka zitatu, kupatula ngati anthu apatsidwa mpata wovotera kapena kubwerera mu referendum. Vuto limenelo linakanidwa mobwerezabwereza chifukwa chakuti aliyense adadziwa chomwe chidzachitike. Kukhala ndi anthu kunja kwa kukoma mtima kwa mitima yathu ndi chinthu chimodzi, ndikukhulupirira, koma kuchita izi mosiyana ndi chifuniro chawo ndi chinthu china. Ndipo ndani adasankha mwadala kuti akhale ake?

Chigawo: KODI TIYENERA KWAMBIRI?

Kodi kupatsa kumalimbikitsa kwambiri nkhondo zathu, kaya kutengeka kwawo kapena kutengeka kwawo? Ngati fuko limapereka kwa amitundu ena, zikuwoneka kuti zingakhale choncho m'njira zambiri. Komabe, ngati mukuyang'ana mndandanda wa mayiko omwe akutsatiridwa ndi chikondi chomwe amapereka kwa ena ndi mndandanda wa mayiko omwe amadziwika ndi ndalama zawo, palibe mgwirizano. Pa mndandanda wa mayiko awiri olemera kwambiri, owerengedwa pazinthu za kupereka zachilendo, United States ili pafupi, ndipo phindu lalikulu la "thandizo" limene timapereka kwa mayiko ena ndilo zida zankhondo. Ngati zopereka zapadera zikugwirizanitsidwa ndi kupatsa kwa boma, United States imangopitirira pang'ono pazndandanda. Ngati ndalama zomwe anthu obwera kumene adatumiza ku mabanja awo zidaphatikizidwapo, United States ikhoza kusuntha pang'ono, ngakhale kuti izo zikuwoneka ngati zopereka zosiyana kwambiri.

Mukayang'ana mitundu yapamwamba ponena za ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali, palibe mayiko omwe ali olemera ochokera ku Ulaya, Asia, kapena North America amapanga pafupi ndi mndandandanda wazomwe amachitira, kupatulapo United States. Dziko lathu likudza la khumi ndi limodzi, limodzi ndi mayiko a 10 omwe ali pamwamba pake pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zamtundu uliwonse kuchokera ku Middle East, kumpoto kwa Africa, kapena pakati pa Asia. Greece ikubwera ku 23rd, South Korea 36th, ndi United Kingdom 42nd, ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya ndi Asia akupitirizabe kulembedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, United States ndi mtsogoleri wapamwamba kwambiri wogulitsa malonda, ndipo Russia ndi dziko lokhalo padziko lapansi lomwe limabwera ngakhale kutali kwambiri.

Chofunika koposa, mdziko lalikulu la 22 lolemera, zomwe zambiri zimapereka chithandizo ku mayiko akunja kusiyana ndi ife ku United States, 20 sizinayambane nkhondo mu mibadwo, ngati kale, ndipo ambiri atenga maudindo ang'onoang'ono ku US. magulu a nkhondo; Mayiko ena awiri, South Korea, amangoyamba nkhondo ndi North Korea ndi chilolezo cha US; ndipo dziko lotsirizira, United Kingdom, limatsatira kwambiri kutsogolera kwa US.

Kutukula achikunja nthawi zonse kumawonedwa ngati ntchito yopatsa (kupatula ndi achikunja). Chowonetseratu tsogolo limakhulupirira kuti ndi chiwonetsero cha chikondi cha Mulungu. Malinga ndi katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu Clark Wissler, "gulu likayamba yankho latsopanoli pamavuto ena azikhalidwe, limakhala lofunitsitsa kufalitsa lingalirolo kunja, ndipo limayamba nthawi yolanda kukakamiza kuzindikira kuvomerezeka kwake. ” Kufalitsa? Kufalitsa? Kodi tidamvapo kuti za kufalitsa yankho lofunikira? O, inde, ndikukumbukira:

"Ndipo njira yachiwiri yogonjetsera zigawenga ndiyo kufalitsa ufulu. Mukuona, njira yabwino yogonjetsera anthu omwe alibe - alibe chiyembekezo, mtundu umene anthu amakwiyitsa kuti akufuna kudzipha, ndiko kufalitsa ufulu, ndiko kufalitsa demokarasi. "- Pulezidenti George W. Chitsamba, June 8, 2005.

Awa si nzeru chifukwa Bush akuyankhula molimba mtima ndipo amalankhula mawu oti "odzipha." Ndi lingaliro lopusa chifukwa ufulu ndi demokalase sizingapangidwe ndi mfuti ndi anthu akunja omwe amaganiza kuti ndi ochepa chabe mwa anthu atsopanowo omwe ali okonzeka kuwapha mwakachetechete. Demokalase yomwe imafunikiridwa kale kuti ikhalebe wokhulupirika kwa United States si boma loyimira, koma osati mtundu wosakanizidwa wodabwitsa ndi wolamulira. Demokalase yomwe imayikidwa kuti iwonetsere dziko kuti njira yathu ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri sitingathe kukhazikitsa boma la, ndi, ndi anthu.

Mtsogoleri wa dziko la US Stanley McChrystal analongosola mayesedwe koma anakanika kuti apange boma ku Marjah, Afghanistan, ku 2010; adanena kuti adzabweretsa puppet yosankhidwa ndi manja ndi gulu la anthu akunja kuti akhale "boma mu bokosi." Kodi simukufuna kuti gulu lachilendo libweretse limodzi lawuniyi?

Ndi a 86 peresenti ya Amereka mu February 2010 CNN kufufuza kuti boma lathu lomwelo lasweka, kodi ife tiri ndi kudziwa, bwanji kusamala ulamuliro, kuyika chitsanzo cha boma pa wina? Ndipo ngati titatero, asilikali angakhale chida choyenera kuchita?

Gawo: KODI MUMANENA CHIYANI CHIYANI MUDZAKHALA NDI ANA?

Poyang'ana zochitika zakale, kupanga dziko latsopano mwa mphamvu nthawi zambiri kumalephera. Nthawi zambiri timatchula ntchitoyi "kumanga fuko" ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sichimanga dziko. Mu May 2003, akatswiri awiri a Carnegie Endowment for International Peace adatulutsa kafukufuku wa mayiko a US apanga kumanga nyumba, kuyang'ana - mwachidule - Cuba, Panama, Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, Cuba, Dominican Republic, West Germany, Japan, Dominican Republic kachiwiri, South Vietnam, Cambodia, Grenada, Panama kachiwiri, Haiti kachiwiri, ndi Afghanistan. Mwazitsulo izi 16 pakupanga fuko, mwazinayi zokha, olembawo adatsiriza kuti, demokarase inalembedwa malinga ndi zaka 10 pambuyo pa kuchoka kwa magulu a US.

Mwa "kuchoka" kwa ankhondo a US, olemba a phunziro ili pamwambapa amatanthauza kuchepetsa, popeza asilikali a US sanachokepo. Maiko awiri mwa maiko anayi ndiwo adaphedwa ndi kugonjetsedwa ku Japan ndi Germany. Ena awiri anali oyandikana nawo ku US - Grenada kakang'ono ndi Panama. Zomwe zimatchedwa fuko la dziko ku Panama zikuwoneka kuti zatenga zaka 23. Nthawi yomweyi idzagwira ntchito za Afghanistan ndi Iraq ku 2024 ndi 2026.

Palibe, olembawo adapeza, ali ndi ulamuliro wovomerezedwa ndi United States, monga ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq, adasinthira demokalase. Olemba phunziroli, Minxin Pei ndi Sara Kasper, adawonanso kuti kupanga ma demokrasi okhazikika kunalibe cholinga chachikulu:

"Cholinga chenicheni cha kuyambirira koyambirira kwa dziko la United States ndikumanga njira zamakono. Poyambirira, Washington anaganiza zobwezeretsa kapena kuthandizira boma kudziko lina kuti ateteze chitetezo chake ndi chuma, osati kumanga demokarasi. Pambuyo pazimene zandale za America ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera kumanga nyumba za dziko zimalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa demokalase m'mayiko omwe akuwombera. "

Kodi mukuganiza kuti mphotho yamtendere ikhoza kukhala yotsutsana ndi nkhondo? Ndithudi Pentagon-yolengedwa RAND Corporation iyenera kukhala yokondera chifukwa cha nkhondo. Ndipo komabe maphunziro a RAND a ntchito ndi zigawenga ku 2010, kafukufuku woperekedwa kwa US Marine Corps, adapeza kuti 90 peresenti ya zotsutsana ndi maboma ofooka, monga Afghanistan, amapambana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kumanga fuko, kaya kulipidwa kuchokera kunja, kumalephera.

Ndipotu, ngakhale kuti othandizira nkhondo amatiuza kuti tipite patsogolo ku Afghanistan ku 2009 ndi 2010, akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana adavomereza kuti kuchita zimenezi sikungathe kuchita kanthu, kupatulapo kupereka zopindulitsa ku Afghans . Mlembi wathu, Karl Eikenberry, adatsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa zingwe zowonongeka. Akuluakulu akale omwe anali akuluakulu a usilikali komanso CIA ankafuna kuti achoke. Matthew Hoh, membala wamkulu wa dziko la United States ku boma la Zabul komanso woyang'anira sitima yapamadzi, anasiyira ndi kuchotsa kuchoka. Mmodzi wa apolisi, dzina lake Ann Wright, amene adathandizanso aboma ku Afghanistan ku 2001. A National Security Advisor amaganiza kuti magulu ankhondo "angamezedwe." Ambiri mwa anthu a US adatsutsa nkhondo, ndipo otsutsa anali amphamvu kwambiri pakati pa anthu a Afghanistan, makamaka ku Kandahar, komwe kafukufuku wopeza ndalama za US Army anapeza kuti 94 Peresenti ya a Kandaharis ankafuna kukambirana, osati chiwawa, ndipo a 85 peresenti adanena kuti amawona a Taliban kukhala "abale athu a Afghanistani."

Mtsogoleri wa Komiti ya Ubale Wachilendo kudziko la Senate, ndikukambirana zachitukuko, John Kerry adanena kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa Marja komwe kunayesedwa koopsa kwa Kandahar kwalephera. Kerry adanenanso kuti anthu a ku Tandaban akupha ku Kandahar pamene United States inalengeza kuti kudzabwera kumeneko. Ndiye anafunsa bwanji, kuti chilangocho chiletsa kupha? Kerry ndi anzake, atangotsala pang'ono kuwononga $ 33.5 biliyoni ku Afghanistan kuwonjezeka kwa 2010, adanena kuti uchigawenga wakhala ukuchulukira padziko lonse pa "Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse." Kuwonjezereka kwa 2009 ku Afghanistan kunatsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 87 peresenti chiwawa, malinga ndi Pentagon.

Asilikari anali atapangitsidwa, kapena kuti adatsitsimutsidwa kuchokera ku Vietnam masiku, njira ya ku Iraq zaka zinayi ku nkhondoyo yomwe idagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Afghanistan, njira yowakomera mtima yotchedwa Counter-Insurgency. Papepala, izi zinkafuna ndalama za 80 peresenti muzochita zankhondo kuti "apambane mitima ndi malingaliro" ndipo peresenti ya 20 muzochitika zankhondo. Koma m'mayiko onse awiriwa, njirayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha, osati chenichenicho. Ndalama zenizeni zopanda usilikali ku Afghanistani sizinapangepo peresenti ya 5, ndipo mwiniwake, Richard Holbrooke, adafotokoza kuti asilikaliwo ndi "othandiza asilikali."

M'malo "kufalitsa ufulu" ndi mabomba ndi mfuti, zikanakhala zolakwika bwanji pakufalitsa chidziwitso? Ngati kuphunzira kumabweretsa chitukuko cha demokarasi, bwanji osayesa maphunziro? Bwanji osapereka ndalama zothandizira thanzi la ana ndi sukulu, mmalo mosungunula khungu kwa ana omwe ali ndi phosphorus woyera? Shirin Ebadi adapempha kuti apange mtendere ku Nobel, pamapeto pa September 11, 2001, uchigawenga, kuti mmalo mowomba mabomba ku Afghanistan, United States ikhoza kumanga sukulu ku Afghanistan, aliyense wotchulidwa ndi kulemekeza munthu wakuphedwa ku World Trade Center, motero amayamikira thandizo lothandiza ndi kumvetsa za kuwonongeka kochitidwa ndi chiwawa. Zonse zomwe mukuganiza za njira imeneyi, n'zovuta kukangana izo sizikanakhala zopatsa komanso mwinamwake zogwirizana ndi mfundo yokonda adani anu.

Gawo: LETANI KUTI NDIDZITHANDIZENI KUTI MUTU

Chinyengo cha ntchito zopatsidwa mowolowa manja mwachiwonekere chikuwonekera pochitika padzina la kuchotsa ntchito zapitazo. Pamene dziko la Japan linadula anthu a ku Ulaya kudziko la Asia kuti akakhale nawo okha, kapena pamene United States inamasula Cuba kapena Philippines kuti ikhale yolamulira mayiko omwewo, kusiyana pakati pa mawu ndi zochita zidatuluka pa inu. Mu zitsanzo zonsezi, Japan ndi United States zinapereka chitukuko, chikhalidwe, nyengo zamakono, utsogoleri, ndi kulangiza, koma adazipereka pamphepete mwa mfuti ngati wina akufuna kapena ayi. Ndipo ngati wina achita, chabwino, nkhani yawo inayamba kupita kunyumba. Pamene Achimerika anali kumvetsera nkhani za nkhanza za ku Germany ku France ndi France pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, anthu a ku Germany ankawerenga nkhani za momwe French yomwe inkagwirira ntchitoyi inkakondera kwambiri anthu omwe ankakhala ku Germany. Ndipo ndi liti pamene simungadalire New York Times kuti mupeze Iraqi kapena Afghanistani omwe akudandaula kuti Amerika angachoke posachedwa?

Ntchito iliyonse iyenera kugwira ntchito ndi gulu lina lachikhalidwe, omwe amathandizira ntchitoyo. Koma wogwira ntchito sayenera kulakwitsa chithandizo choterechi, monga momwe United States yakhala ikuyambira kuyambira osachepera 1899. Komanso, "chikhalidwe cha anthu" kudziko lina sichiyenera kupusitsa anthu:

"A British, monga Achimereka,. . . ankakhulupirira kuti asilikali achibadwidwe sangakhale osakondedwa kuposa achilendo. Cholinga chimenecho chiri. . . Zosautsa: ngati asilikali achibadwidwe amadziwika ngati zidole za alendo, iwo angatsutsane kwambiri kuposa achilendo okha. "

Asitikali achilengedwe amathanso kukhala osakhulupirika kwa omwe akukhalamo komanso osaphunzitsidwa m'njira zankhondo. Izi posachedwa zimapangitsa kudzudzula anthu omwewo oyenerera omwe tidawukira dziko lawo chifukwa chakulephera kwathu. Tsopano ndi "achiwawa, osachita bwino ntchito, komanso osadalirika," monga a McKinley White House adawonetsera anthu aku Philippines, komanso nyumba zoyera za Bush ndi Obama zikuwonetsa aku Iraq ndi Afghans.

M'dziko lokhala ndi mavuto omwe amagawidwa mkati mwake, magulu ang'onoang'ono amatha kuopa kuzunzika m'manja mwa anthu ambiri. Vuto limeneli ndi chifukwa cha tsogolo Momwemo kumvera malangizo a m'tsogolo Powells ndipo osati kulowa mmalo oyamba. Ndi chifukwa chosawonongera magawano mkati, monga momwe anthu amangokhala, amakonda kwambiri kuti anthu aphane wina ndi mzake kusiyana ndi kuti agwirizane ndi magulu akunja. Ndipo ndi chifukwa cholimbikitsa kulimbikitsana pakati pa mayiko ndi mphamvu zenizeni pa dzikoli pamene akuchotsa ndikubwezera malipiro.

Nkhanza zochitidwa nkhanza zapakhomo sizinali zowonjezera zokambirana zowonjezera ntchito. Chinthu chimodzi, ndizo kutsutsana kwa ntchito yosatha. Kwa wina, chiwerengero cha chiwawa chimene chikuwonetsedwa kudziko lachifumu ngati nkhondo yapachiweniweni chimalinso chiwawa kwa anthu okhala ndi ogwira nawo ntchito. Ntchitoyo itatha, ndichitanso chiwawa. Izi zawonetsedwa ku Iraq ngati asilikali adachepetsa kukhalapo kwawo; chiwawa chachepa moyenera. Chiwawa chochuluka ku Basra chinatha pamene asilikali a Britain kumeneko adasiya kuzunzidwa kuti athetse chiwawa. Ndondomeko ya kuchoka ku Iraq yomwe George McGovern ndi William Polk (omwe anali pulezidenti wakale komanso mbadwa ya Purezidenti wakale Polk) adafalitsidwa ku 2006 adapempha mlatho wokha kuti udzipange ufulu, malangizo omwe sanawathandize:

"Boma la Iraq likanakhala luso lopempha kuti pakhale nthawi yochepa yomwe apolisi apadziko lonse apolisi m'dzikolo nthawi ndi nthawi itatha nthawi ya ku America kuchoka. Mphamvu yotereyi iyenera kugwira ntchito yokhazikika, yokhala ndi nthawi yeniyeni yokonzekera kuchoka. Kuwerengera kwathu ndikuti Iraq adzafunikira izo kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri kuchokera pamene dziko la America lidzatha. Panthawiyi, mphamvuyo ikhoza kuchepetsedwa koma pang'onopang'ono kuduka, onse ogwira ntchito komanso ntchito. Ntchito zake zikanangowonjezera chitetezo cha anthu. . . . Sipadzasowa makanki kapena mabomba kapena ndege zonyansa. . . . Sakanayesa. . . kuti amenyane ndi apanduko. Inde, atachoka m'manja mwa asilikali achimerika ndi a British ndi asilikali a kunja kwa 25,000, opandukawo, omwe cholinga chake chinali kukwaniritsa cholingachi, sakanatha kuthandizidwa ndi anthu. . . . Ndiye amuna okamenya mfuti amatha kugwetsa zida zawo kapena kuzindikiritsidwa poyera kuti ndi othawa. Izi zachitika chifukwa cha zipolowe ku Algeria, Kenya, Ireland (Eire), ndi kwina kulikonse. "

Gawo: COPS ZA DZIKO LA BENEVOLENCE SOCIETY

Sikuti kupitirira kwa nkhondo kumene kuli koyenera kukhala wowolowa manja. Poyambitsa nkhondo ndi mphamvu zoipa poziteteza chilungamo, ngakhale kuti zimayambitsa zochepa kuposa malingaliro aumulungu pakati pa othandizira nkhondo, kawirikawiri amaperekedwanso kukhala osadzikonda komanso okoma mtima. "Iye akusungira Dzikoli kukhala lotetezeka ku Demokarase. Lembani ndi kumuthandiza, "werengani post ya US World War I, akukwaniritsa lamulo la Pulezidenti Wilson kuti Komiti Yowunikira Anthu Iwonetsere" chilungamo chenicheni cha America, "ndi" kudzikonda kwathunthu kwa zolinga za America. "Purezidenti Franklin Roosevelt atalimbikitsa Congress kuti apange ndondomeko ya nkhondo ndi kulola "kubwereketsa" zida ku Britain dziko la United States lisanalowe mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, iye anayerekeza pulogalamu yake yowonetsera ngongole kumalo amene nyumba yake inali kuyaka moto.

Kenaka, m'chilimwe cha 1941, Roosevelt ankadziyerekezera kuti amapita kukawedza ndipo anakumana ndi Pulezidenti Churchill pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Newfoundland. A FDR adabwerera ku Washington, DC, akufotokoza mwambo wodutsa pomwe iye ndi Churchill adayimbira "Onward Christian Soldiers." FDR ndi Churchill adatulutsa ndondomeko yogwirizana yopangidwa popanda anthu kapena mabungwe amtundu uliwonse omwe adalemba mfundo ziwirizi. mafuko amitundu adzamenya nkhondo ndi kupanga dziko pambuyo pake, ngakhale kuti United States akadalibe pankhondo. Mawu awa, omwe adadzatchedwa Charter Atlantic, adawonekeratu kuti Britain ndi United States zinkafuna mtendere, ufulu, chilungamo, ndi mgwirizano ndipo analibe chidwi chilichonse muzakhazikitsa maufumu. Awa anali malingaliro abwino chifukwa cha zomwe mamiliyoni angakhoze kuchita chiwawa choopsa.

Mpaka itadutsa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, United States inapereka kwa Britain mwayi wopha anthu. Potsata chitsanzo ichi, zida ndi asilikali omwe anatumizidwa ku Korea ndi zochitika zomwe zachitika kwazaka zambiri zafotokozedwa kuti "zothandizira usilikali." Choncho lingaliro lakuti nkhondo ikuchita munthu wina akukondwera ndi chilankhulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchula. Nkhondo ya ku Koreya, monga "ntchito ya apolisi" ya UN-yomwe inavomerezedwa, idatchulidwa kokha ngati chikondi, komanso kuti dziko lonse likugwirira ntchito mtsogoleri kuti akalimbikitse mtendere, monga momwe Achimereka abwino akanachitira mu tawuni ya Kumadzulo. Koma pokhala wapolisi wapadziko lapansi sanapambane ndi iwo omwe amakhulupirira kuti anali ndi cholinga chabwino koma sankaganiza kuti dziko liyenera kulandiridwa. Sindinapambane ndi anthu amene anachiwona ngati chifukwa chokhalira pankhondo. Mbadwo wotsatira nkhondo ya Korea, Phil Ochs anali kuimba:

Bwera, tuluke panjira, anyamata

Mwamsanga, tulukani panjira

Inu kulibwino muyang'ane zomwe inu mukunena, anyamata

Ndibwino kuti muyang'ane zomwe mumanena

Ife takhala tikugwedeza mu doko lanu ndi kumangirizidwa ku doko lanu

Ndipo mabasiketi athu ali ndi njala ndipo mkwiyo wathu ndi waufupi

Choncho abweretseni ana anu aakazi kumtunda

Chifukwa ndife a Cops of the World, anyamata

Ndife Cops of the World

Ndi 1961, apolisi a dziko lapansi anali ku Vietnam, koma nthumwi ya Pulezidenti Kennedy kumeneko inkaganiza kuti apolisi ambiri amafunikira ndipo adziwa anthu komanso pulezidenti sakanatsutsa. Chifukwa chimodzi, simungathe kusunga fano lanu ngati apolisi a dziko ngati mumatumiza gulu lalikulu kuti likhale ndi boma losavomerezeka. Zoyenera kuchita? Zoyenera kuchita? Ralph Stavins, wogwirizana ndi nkhani yambiri ya kukonzekera nkhondo kwa Vietnam, akunena kuti General Maxwell Taylor ndi Walt W. Rostow,

". . . anadabwa momwe dziko la United States likanatha kupita kunkhondo pamene likuwonekera pofuna kusunga mtendere. Pamene anali kuganizira funso limeneli, Vietnam idagwa mwadzidzidzi ndi chigumula. Zinali ngati kuti Mulungu adachita chozizwitsa. Asirikali a ku America, omwe amachita zofuna zawo, angathe kutumizidwa kuti apulumutse Vietnam osati ku Viet Cong, koma kuchokera ku kusefukira kwa madzi. "

Chifukwa chimodzimodzi chomwe Smedley Butler anena pofuna kulepheretsa zombo za US kufupi ndi 200 mailosi ku United States, wina anganene kuti kulepheretsa asilikali a US kuti amenyane ndi nkhondo. Magulu otumizidwa kuti athandizidwe ndi tsoka ali ndi njira yopangira masoka atsopano. Thandizo la ku America nthawi zambiri limakayikira, ngakhale kuti nzika za ku America zimakondwera nazo, chifukwa zimakhala ngati zida zankhondo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenyera nkhondo komanso osakonzekera kupereka chithandizo. Nthawi zonse kuli mphepo yamkuntho ku Haiti, palibe amene angadziwe ngati United States yapereka antchito othandiza kapena kulamula malamulo. M'mabvuto ambiri kuzungulira dziko lapansi maofesi a dziko siabwera konse, akusonyeza kuti pamene amadza cholingacho sichidzakhala choyera.

Mu 1995 apolisi a dziko adapunthwa kupita ku Yugoslavia chifukwa cha ubwino wa mitima yawo. Pulezidenti Clinton anafotokoza kuti:

"Ntchito ya America siidzakhala ikulimbana ndi nkhondo. Zidzakhala zothandiza kuthandiza anthu a Bosnia kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wawo wamtendere. . . . Pokwaniritsa ntchitoyi, tidzakhala ndi mwayi wothandiza kuthetsa kuphedwa kwa anthu osalakwa, makamaka ana. . . . "

Zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kenako, ndi zovuta kuona momwe a Bosnia adzipezera mtendere wawo. US ndi asilikali ena akunja sanachokepo, ndipo malowa amatsogoleredwa ndi Ofesi Yapamwamba Yowonetsera Ulaya.

Gawo: DYING FOR RIGHTS OF WOMEN

Akazi adapeza ufulu ku Afghanistan mu 1970s, dziko la United States lisanayambe kuchititsa Soviet Union kuti iwononge ndi kupha asilikali a Osama bin Laden kuti amenyane nawo. Pakhala pali uthenga wabwino kwa amayi kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Bungwe la Revolutionary Association la Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) linakhazikitsidwa ku 1977 monga bungwe lodziimira payekha la azimayi a Afghani pochirikiza ufulu wa anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mu 2010, RAWA inatulutsa mawu akunena za chiwonetsero cha Amerika chokhala m'dziko la Afghanistan chifukwa cha akazi awo:

"[United States ndi mabungwe ake] inapatsa mphamvu magulu achiwawa kwambiri a Northern Alliance ndi zidole zakale za Russia - a Khalqis ndi Parchamis - ndipo powadalira iwo, US anaika boma la chidole ku anthu a Afghanistan. Ndipo mmalo mochotsa zolengedwa zake za Taliban ndi Al-Qaeda, United States ndi NATO zikupitirizabe kupha anthu osauka komanso osauka, makamaka amayi ndi ana, pamsampha wawo woopsa. "

Poona atsogoleri ambiri a amayi ku Afghanistan, kuukiridwa ndi kugwira ntchito sizinapindulitse ufulu wa amayi, ndipo zakhala zikukwaniritsa zotsatirapo za kuphulika kwa mabomba, kuwombera, ndi kupha amayi ambiri. Icho sichiri chowopsya ndi chosayembekezereka. Icho chiri chofunikira cha nkhondo, ndipo izo zinali zodziwika bwino kwambiri. Nkhondo yaying'ono ya a Taliban ikupambana ku Afghanistan chifukwa anthu amachirikiza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti United States izigwirizanitsa mwachindunji.

Panthawi yalembayi, kwa miyezi yambiri komanso mwina kwa zaka zambiri, mwina chachiwiri chachiwiri ndipo mwinamwake gwero lalikulu kwambiri la ndalama za a Taliban akhala akukhoma msonkho ku US. Timatseka anthu kutali kuti apereke thumba la masokosi kwa adani, pamene boma lathu likutumikira monga wothandizira wamkulu wa zachuma. WARLORD, INC .: Extortion ndi Corruption Pakati pa US Supply Chain ku Afghanistan, lipoti la 2010 kuchokera kwa a Major Staff of Komiti Yaikulu ya National Security and Foreign Affairs ku US House of Representatives. Lipotili limapereka mphotho kwa a Taliban kuti apeze njira zabwino za katundu wa US, zopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa zopindula za Taliban kuchokera ku opiamu, wina wopanga ndalama zambiri. Izi zakhala zikudziwika ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu a ku United States, omwe akudziwanso kuti Afghans, kuphatikizapo omwe akumenyera Asilamu, nthawi zambiri amalembera kuti aphunzitsidwe ndikulipidwa ndi asilikali a US ndikuchoka, ndipo nthawi zina amalembetsa.

Izi siziyenera kudziwika kwa Achimereka akuthandiza nkhondo. Simungathe kulimbikitsa nkhondo yomwe mukulipira mbali zonse, kuphatikizapo zomwe mukuyenera kuteteza akazi a Afghanistan.

Chigawo

Senema Barack Obama adalimbikitsa utsogoleri wa 2007 ndi 2008 pa nsanja yomwe inkafuna kuti nkhondo ifike ku Afghanistan. Iye anachita izi posakhalitsa atatenga ofesi, ngakhale asanakonze cholinga chilichonse chochita ku Afghanistan. Kungotumiza asilikali ambiri kunali mapeto mwaokha. Koma olemba Obama adalimbikitsa kutsutsana ndi nkhondo ina - nkhondo pa Iraq - ndikulonjeza kuti idzatha. Anagonjetsa demokalase makamaka chifukwa analibe mwayi kuti asanakhale mu Congress pomwe anali ndi mwayi wovotera nkhondo yoyamba ya Iraq. Kuti anavota mobwerezabwereza kuti adziwe ndalama zomwe sizinatchulidwepo m'ma TV, monga momwe asenema akuyembekezeredwa kuti azigwirizanitsa nkhondo ngakhale akuvomereza kapena ayi.

Obama sanalonjeze kuchoka kwa asilikali onse ku Iraq. Ndipotu, panali nthawi yomwe sanalole kuti pulogalamuyo ipitirire kupita popanda kunena kuti "Tiyenera kukhala osamala ngati tikulephera kulowa." Ayeneranso kuti akhale ndi mawu amodzi ngakhale atagona. Pa chisankho chomwecho gulu la Odzipereka ku Democratic Congress linatulutsa zomwe iwo amatcha kuti "Ndondomeko Yowonongeka Yothetsa Nkhondo ku Iraq." Kufunika kokhala ndi udindo komanso mosamala kunaganiziridwa kuti kuthetsa nkhondo mwamsanga kungakhale kosasamala komanso kosasamala. Mfundo imeneyi idateteza kuti nkhondo za Afghanistan ndi Iraq zikhalenso zaka zambiri ndipo zidzathandizira kuti apite zaka zambiri.

Koma kuthetsa nkhondo ndi ntchito ndizofunikira komanso zolungama, osati zopanda nzeru komanso zankhanza. Ndipo sikuyenera kukhala ngati "kutayidwa" kwa dziko lapansi. Akuluakulu athu osankhidwa amavutika kuti akhulupirire, koma pali njira zina osati nkhondo yokhudza anthu ndi maboma. Ngati chiwawa chachitali chikuchitika, chofunika kwambiri ndi kuyimitsa, kenako tikuyang'ana njira zowonetsera zinthu, kuphatikizapo kuletsa milandu yamtsogolo yomwe ikukonzekera. Pamene chigamulo chachikulu chomwe tikuchidziwa chikuchitika, sitiyenera kukhala ochedwa kuti tithe kuthetsa vutoli. Tiyenera kuthetsa nthawi yomweyo. Ndicho chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe tingachite kwa anthu a dziko lomwe tikulimbana nawo. Tili ndi ngongole kwa iwo kuposa zonse. Tikudziwa kuti mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala ndi mavuto pamene asirikali athu achoka, ndipo ndiye kuti tili ndi vuto la mavuto enawa. Koma tikudziwanso kuti sadzakhala ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wabwino malinga ngati ntchito ikupitirirabe. Udindo wa RAWA pa ntchito ya Afghanistan ndikuti nthawi yotsalira ntchito idzakhala yovuta kwambiri pamene ntchito ikupitirizabe. Choncho, choyamba choyamba ndicho kuthetsa nkhondoyo.

Nkhondo imapha anthu, ndipo palibe choipa. Monga tiona mu chaputala chachisanu ndi chitatu, nkhondo ikupha makamaka anthu, ngakhale kuti kusiyana kwa usilikali pakati pa usilikali ndikuwoneka kochepa. Ngati dziko lina linagonjetsa United States, ndithudi sitikanafuna kupha Amerika omwe adagonjetsedwa ndipo potero adataya udindo wawo ngati anthu wamba. Nkhondo imapha ana, koposa zonse, ndipo imasokoneza kwambiri ana ambiri omwe saipha kapena kuuma. Izi sizinthu zenizeni zenizeni, komabe ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka nthawi zonse monga chikonzero chotsutsa kawirikawiri kuti nkhondo zasokonezedwa ndipo mabomba apanga "anzeru" mokwanira kuti aphe anthu okha omwe amafunikiradi kupha.

Mu 1890 msilikali wa ku United States anauza ana ake za nkhondo imene adakhalapo ku 1838, nkhondo yotsutsana ndi Cherokee Indians:

"M'nyumba ina munali mayi wofooka, mwachiwonekere wamasiye ndi ana atatu aang'ono, mmodzi yekha mwana. Atamuuza kuti ayenera kupita, amayi adasonkhanitsa anawo pamapazi ake, napemphera pemphero lodzichepetsa m'chinenero chawo, adatsitsa galu wakale wa banja, adamuuza cholengedwa chodalirika, ndi mwana wakhanda atakumbidwa kumbuyo kwake ndikuwatsogolera mwana wamwamuna ndi dzanja lake adayamba kutengedwa. Koma ntchitoyi inali yaikulu kwambiri kwa Mayi wofookayo. Kukwapulika kwa mtima kulephera kunamuthandiza kuvutika kwake. Iye anawomba ndi kufa ndi mwana wake kumbuyo kwake, ndipo ana ake ena awiri akumamatira kumanja.

"Chief Junaluska yemwe adasungira moyo wa Purezidenti [Andrew] Jackson pa nkhondo ya Horse Shoe adawona izi, misonzi ikutsika pamasaya ake ndi kukweza chipewa chake adatembenuza nkhope yake kumwambako nati," O Mulungu wanga, wodziwika pa nkhondo ya Shoe Shoe yomwe ndikudziwa tsopano, mbiri yakale ya ku America ikanakhala yolembedwa mosiyana. "

Mu kanema kamene kanakambidwa mu 2010 ndi Rethink Afghanistan, Zaitullah Ghiasi Wardak akufotokoza usiku womwe wachitika ku Afghanistan. Apa pali kumasulira kwa Chingerezi:

"Ndine mwana wa Abdul Ghani Khan. Ndimachokera m'boma la Wardak, Chigawo cha Chak, Village Village Khan. Pafupifupi 3: 00 ndine Achimereka omwe anazinga nyumba yathu, anakwera pamwamba pa denga ndi makwerero. . . . Anatenga anyamata atatu kunja, amanga manja awo, amaika matumba wakuda pamutu pawo. Iwo adawachitira nkhanza ndikuwaponya iwo, anawauza kuti azikhala pamenepo osasuntha.

"Pa nthawi ino, gulu limodzi linagogoda m'chipinda cha alendo. Mchimwene wanga ananena kuti: 'Nditamva munthu wogogoda ndinapempha anthu a ku America kuti: "Agogo anga aakazi ndi okalamba ndipo amavutika kumva. Ndipita nanu ndikutulutsani. "'Anamukakamiza kuti asamuke. Kenaka adathyola chitseko cha chipinda cha alendo. Bambo anga anali atagona koma anaponyedwa nthawi 25 pabedi lake. . . . Tsopano sindikudziwa, kodi bambo anga anali ndani? Ndipo vuto lake linali lotani? Anali zaka 92. "

Nkhondo idzakhala yoipa kwambiri padziko lapansi ngakhale itakhala yopanda ndalama, yosagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zopanda phindu, yosasiya chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe, yowonjezera m'malo molepheretsa ufulu wa nzika zapakhomo, ndipo ngakhale zitakwaniritsa chinthu chofunika. N'zoona kuti palibe chilichonse chimene chingatheke.

Vuto la nkhondo sikuti asirikari sali olimba mtima kapena okonzeka bwino, kapena kuti makolo awo sanawalere bwino. Ambrose Bierce, yemwe adapulumuka ku US Civil War kuti alembe za izo zaka makumi anayi pambuyo pake ndi kukhulupilika koopsa komanso kusowa chikondi chomwe chinali chatsopano pa nkhani za nkhondo, kutanthauzira kuti "Wopatsa" mu Dikishonale ya Mdyerekezi motere:

"Poyamba mawu awa amatanthawuza mwaufulu mwa kubadwa ndipo moyenerera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa khamu lalikulu la anthu. Icho tsopano chimatanthauzira mwachibadwa mwa chirengedwe ndipo ikupeza mpumulo pang'ono. "

Kuchita zonyansa kumaseketsa, koma sikulondola. Kupatsa ndikochitikadi, ndipo chifukwa chake nkhondo zomwe zimafalitsa nkhondo zimalimbikitsa zabodza chifukwa cha nkhondo zawo. Achinyamata ambiri a ku America adasainira kuika moyo wawo pachiswe mu "Nkhondo Yoyamba Yopseza" akukhulupirira kuti adzateteza mtundu wawo ku chiwonongeko. Izi zimatengera khama, kulimba mtima, ndi kupatsa. Achinyamata omwe adanyengedwa kwambiri, komanso omwe adasankhidwa kuti adziwe nkhondo zatsopano, sanatumize ngati ndondomeko ya nkhondo kuti amenyane ndi ankhondo m'munda. Anatumizidwa kukakhala m'mayiko omwe adani awo ankawoneka ngati ena onse. Anatumizidwa kudziko la SNAFU, kumene ambiri samabwerera limodzi.

SNAFU ndi, ndithudi, gulu lankhondo limatanthawuza za nkhondo: Mkhalidwe Wachibadwa: Onse Othamanga Kumwamba.