NTHAWI ZONSE SIDZIWA

Pericles analemekeza awo amene anamwalira ku nkhondo kumbali ya Athens:

"Ndakhala pa ulemelero wa Atene chifukwa ndikufuna kukuwonetsani kuti tikulimbana ndi mphoto yayikulu kuposa omwe samasangalala ndi mwayi uliwonsewu, ndikukhazikitsa ndi umboni wowonetsa kuti anthu awa omwe ndikuwakumbukira tsopano ndi ofunika. Kutamanda kwawo kolemekezeka kwakhala kotchulidwa kale. Pakuti pakukweza mzinda ine ndawawweza iwo, ndi amuna onga awo omwe makhalidwe awo anamupangitsa iye kukhala aulemerero. Ndipo ndi ochepa bwanji a Helleni omwe anganene ngati awo, kuti ntchito zawo poyesedwa muzomwe zapezeka zikufanana ndi mbiri yawo! Ndikukhulupirira kuti imfa monga yawo yakhala yeniyeni yeniyeni ya munthu; Icho chikhoza kukhala vumbulutso loyambirira la zokoma zake, koma paliponse chizindikiro chawo chomaliza. Pakuti ngakhale iwo omwe amalephera mwa njira zina amatha kupembedzera mwachidwi nkhanza zomwe adalimbera dziko lawo; iwo afafaniza zoipazo ndi zabwino, ndipo apindula ndi boma kwambiri ndi mautumiki awo aumulungu kuposa omwe amuvulaza iye ndi zochita zawo zapadera.

"Palibe mmodzi mwa amuna awa omwe anali oyenerera ndi chuma kapena amaopa kuti asiye zosangalatsa za moyo; Palibe mwa iwo omwe amachotsa tsiku loipa mu chiyembekezo, mwachilengedwe ku umphawi, kuti munthu, ngakhale ali wosauka, tsiku lina akhale wolemera. Koma, poona kuti chilango cha adani awo chinali chokoma kuposa china chilichonse cha zinthuzi, ndipo kuti sichikhoza kugonjetsedwa, adatsimikiza kuopsa kwa miyoyo yawo kuti azibwezeredwa bwino, ndikusiya ena. Anasiyiratu kuyembekezera mwayi wawo wosadziwika wa chimwemwe; koma pamaso pa imfa adatsimikiza kudzidalira okha. Ndipo pamene mphindi idafika iwo anali okonzeka kukana ndi kuvutika, mmalo mouluka ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo yawo; iwo adathawa mawu achipongwe; koma pamsana pa nkhondo, mapazi awo adaima, ndipo panthawi yomweyo, atakhala ndi chuma chambiri, adachoka ku malowa, osati mwa mantha awo, koma mwa ulemerero wawo. "

Abraham Lincoln adalemekeza iwo amene adafa ku nkhondo kumbali ya kumpoto:

"Zaka zinayi ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo makolo athu anabala pa dziko lapansili, mtundu watsopano, anabadwira mu Liberty, ndipo adapereka chiganizo chakuti anthu onse analengedwa ofanana. Tsopano ife tikuchita nawo nkhondo yaikulu yapachiŵeniweni, kuyesa ngati mtundu umenewo, kapena dziko lirilonse lomwe lapatsidwa mimba ndi lopatulira kwambiri, lingakhoze kupirira motalika. Timakumana pa nkhondo yayikulu ya nkhondoyo. Ife tabwera kudzapatulira gawo la munda umenewo, ngati malo omaliza kwa iwo omwe pano amapereka miyoyo yawo kuti dziko likhalemo. Zonse ndi zoyenera komanso zoyenera kuti tizichita izi.

"Koma, moyenerera, sitingathe kudzipatulira - sitingathe kudzipatulira - sitingathe kuyeretsa - malo awa. Amuna olimba mtima, amoyo ndi akufa, omwe adalimbana pano, adzipatulira, pamwamba pa mphamvu zathu zopanda mphamvu kuti tiwonjezere kapena kusokoneza. Dziko lapansi silidzadziwika, komanso silidzakumbukira zomwe timanena apa, koma silingaiwale zomwe anachita pano. Ndi kwa ife amoyo, mmalo mwake, kuti tipatulire pano ku ntchito yosatha imene iwo omwe adamenya pano apita patsogolo kwambiri. Ndiko kuti ife tikhale pano odzipatulira ku ntchito yayikulu yomwe yatsala patsogolo pathu - kuti kuchokera kwa akufa olemekezeka ife tikuwonjezeka kudzipereka pa chifukwa chomwe iwo anapereka kupereka kotsiriza kwathunthu kwa kudzipereka - kuti ife pano tikutsimikiziranso kuti akufa adafa pachabe - kuti mtundu uwu, pansi pa Mulungu, udzakhala ndi kubadwa kwatsopano kwa ufulu - ndipo boma la anthu, ndi anthu, kwa anthu, silidzawonongeka padziko lapansi. "

Ngakhale apurezidenti sakunena zinthu izi, ndipo ngati angathe kuthandizira kuti asalankhule za akufa nkomwe, uthenga womwewo umakhala wopanda mawu lero. Asilikali akuyamikiridwa ndi mlengalenga, ndipo gawo loti amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe limamveka popanda kutchulidwa. Akuluakulu akuyamika kwambiri kuti si zachilendo kwa iwo kuti adziwe ngati akuthamangitsa boma. Atsogoleriakulu amakonda kukhala Mtsogoleri Wamkulu kuti akhale mkulu. Zakale zikhoza kuchitidwa ngati mulungu, pamene wachiwiriyo ndi wonyenga komanso wonyenga.

Koma kutchuka kwa akalonga ndi apurezidenti kumabwera kuchokera ku chiyanjano chawo ndi asilikali osadziwika koma olemekezeka. Pamene akuluakulu sakufuna kuti mapulani awo ayankhidwe, iwo akungoyenera kufunsa kuti kufunsa koteroko ndiko kutsutsa asilikali kapena mawu okayikitsa okhudza kusatheka kwa asilikali. Ndipotu, nkhondo iwowo zimakhala bwino kuti azidziphatikiza okha ndi asilikari. Ulemerero wa asilikari onsewo ukhoza kuthekera kuti iwo adzaphedwa mu nkhondo, koma nkhondoyo yokha ndi yaulemerero chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa asilikali oyera - osati asilikali enieni, koma anthu osadziwika omwe amapereka nsembe yoyamba -magwiridwe ndi Tomb ya Msilikali Wosadziwika.

Malingana ngati ulemu waukulu kwambiri umene munthu angafune kuutumizira ndi kuphedwa ndi kuphedwa mu nkhondo ya wina, padzakhala nkhondo. Pulezidenti John F. Kennedy analemba kalata kwa mnzawo chinachake chimene sakanatha kuyankhulapo: "Nkhondo idzakhalapo mpaka tsiku lakutali pamene chikumbumtima chokana kulowa usilikali chidzakhala ndi mbiri yofanana ndi yankho monga momwe wankhondo amachitira lero." mawuwa pang'ono. Izi zikuphatikizapo iwo omwe amakana kutenga nawo mbali nkhondo kaya akuvomerezedwa ndi "kulowerera usilikali chifukwa cha chikumbumtima chawo." Ndipo ziyenera kuphatikizapo omwe akulimbana ndi nkhondo mosasunthika kunja kwa usilikali, kuphatikizapo poyenda kumalo oyembekezeka a mabomba. kuti akhale "zishango zaumunthu."

Purezidenti Barack Obama atapatsidwa mphoto ya mtendere wa Nobel ndipo adanena kuti anthu ena anali oyenerera, ine ndinaganizapo za angapo. Ena mwa anthu olimba mtima omwe ndiwadziwa kapena omva adakana kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo zathu zamakono kapena kuyesa kuyika matupi awo mu zida za nkhondo. Ngati iwo akanakhala ndi mbiri yomweyo ndi kutchuka ngati ankhondo, ife tonse tikhoza kumva za iwo. Ngati iwo anali olemekezeka kwambiri, ena a iwo akanaloledwa kuti alankhule kupyolera mu makanema athu a televizioni ndi nyuzipepala, ndipo pasanapite nthawi yaitali nkhondoyo ikanakhala ilibenso.

Gawo: NDI CHIYANI?

Tiyeni tiyang'ane mwatsatanetsatane za nthano za chikhulupiliro cha usilikali chomwe chinaperekedwa kwa ife ndi Pericles ndi Lincoln. Nyumba yowonongeka imatanthauzira msilikali motere: (ndipo imamasulira heroine mofanana, m'malo mwa "mkazi" kuti "mwamuna"):

"1. munthu wolimba mtima kapena luso lapadera, wolemekezeka chifukwa cha zochita zake molimba mtima ndi makhalidwe abwino.

"2. munthu yemwe, mwa lingaliro la ena, ali ndi khalidwe lachilendo kapena wapanga chithunzithunzi ndipo akuwoneka ngati chitsanzo kapena choyenera: Iye anali wolimba mtima wamba pamene adapulumutsa mwana wamadzi.

"4. Mythology Wachikhalidwe.

"A. kukhala wodalirika wonga mulungu komanso wopindulitsa amene nthawi zambiri ankalemekezedwa ngati mulungu. "

Kulimbika kapena luso. Ntchito zolimba mtima ndi makhalidwe abwino. Pali china china pano osati kungokhala wolimba mtima ndi wolimba mtima, kungoyang'ana ku mantha ndi ngozi. Koma chiyani? Nkhondo imatengedwa ngati chitsanzo kapena chabwino. Mwachiwonekere munthu wina wolimba mtima yemwe adalumphira zenera la 20 sangathe kukwaniritsa tanthawuzo limeneli, ngakhale kuti kulimba mtima kwawo kunali wolimbika mtima. Kuwongolera momveka bwino kumafuna kulimba mtima komwe anthu amawoneka ngati chitsanzo kwa iwo eni ndi ena. Ziyenera kuphatikizapo luso komanso zopindulitsa. Izi ndizo, kulimba mtima sikungokhala wolimba mtima; Iyenso iyenera kukhala yabwino komanso yokoma mtima. Kutuluka kunja pazenera sikuyenerera. Funso, ndiye, ngati kupha ndi kufa mu nkhondo ziyenera kukhala zabwino ndi zokoma. Palibe amene amakayikira kuti ndi wolimba mtima komanso wolimba mtima.

Ngati mukuyang'ana "kulimba mtima" mu dikisitara, mwa njira, mudzapeza "kulimba mtima" ndi "kulimba mtima." Dictionary ya Dictionary ya Diabolose ya Ambrose Bierce imatanthawuza "mphamvu" monga

"Gulu lopanda msilikali lopanda pake, udindo, ndi chiyembekezo cha juga.

'N'chifukwa chiyani mwasiya?' adawombera mkulu wa chigawenga ku Chickamauga, yemwe adalamula kuti: 'pita patsogolo, bwana, nthawi yomweyo.'

Akuluakulu a boma, adanena kuti, 'Ndimatsimikiziranso kuti magulu anga a asilikali angawathandize kuti asokonezeke ndi adani awo.' "

Koma kodi zida zoterozo zingakhale zabwino komanso zokoma kapena zowononga komanso zopanda pake? Bierce adakhala msilikali wa mgwirizano ku Chickamauga ndipo adachoka atanyansidwa. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, pamene zinatheka kufalitsa nkhani za Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni yomwe siinayese ndi ulemerero wopambana wa nkhondo, Bierce adafalitsa nkhani yotchedwa "Chickamauga" ku 1889 ku San Francisco Examiner yomwe imapanga nawo nkhondo kuoneka choipa kwambiri ndi chochititsa mantha chimene munthu angachite. Asilikali ambiri akhala akuwuza nkhani zofanana.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti nkhondo, chinthu chomwe nthawi zonse chimatchulidwa ngati choipa ndi choipa, chiyenera kuyenerera ophunzira ake kuti alemekezedwe. Inde, ulemerero sukhalitsa. Veterans osokonezeka mwadzidzidzi amachotsedwa pambali pathu. Ndipotu, maulendo angapo amalembedwa pakati pa 2007 ndi 2010, asilikali amene anaonedwa kuti ndi oyenerera komanso ovomerezeka m'magulu, anachita "ulemu," ndipo analibe mbiri yakale ya mavuto a maganizo. Ndiye, povulazidwa, asilikali omwe kale anali ndi thanzi labwino anapeza kuti ali ndi matenda aumunthu omwe analipo kale, atatulutsidwa, ndipo anakana mankhwala pa zilonda zawo. Msilikali wina adatsekedwa mu chipinda mpaka adavomereza kuti alembepo kuti anali ndi matenda omwe analipo kale - ndondomeko yomwe Pulezidenti wa komiti ya Veterans Affairs Committee adaitcha "kuzunza."

Mabungwe ogwira ntchito, enieni, samagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ankhondo kapena gulu la anthu ndi ulemu kapena ulemu. Koma nthano yowonongeka, "gulu" lachidziwitso ndi woyera mtima chifukwa cha kufunitsitsa kwake kuthamangira ndikufera mumtundu womwewo waumphawi wopanda nzeru womwe umatsitsimula nthawi zonse. Inde, nyerere. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene tili ndi ubongo kukula kwake. . . chabwino, kukula kwa chinachake chochepa kuposa nyerere: amamenya nkhondo. Ndipo iwo ndi abwinoko kuposa izo kuposa momwe ife tirili.

Chigawo: KODI AN ANTS AMAFUNA KUTI?

Nyerere zimapereka nkhondo zambiri komanso zovuta kwambiri ndi bungwe laling'ono komanso zowonjezereka, kapena zomwe tingazitcha "olimba." Iwo ali okhulupirika mokwanira chifukwa chomwe palibe anthu okonda dziko lapansi angagwirizane nawo: "Zingafanane ndi kukhala ndi zolemba zojambula ku Brazil kwa iwe atabadwa, "katswiri wa zachilengedwe ndi wojambula zithunzi Mark Moffett anauza magazini ya Wired. Nyerere zidzapha nyerere zina popanda kuzizira. Nyerere zidzapanga "nsembe yopambana" popanda kukayikira. Ants adzapitiriza ndi ntchito yawo m'malo moima kuthandiza msilikali wovulazidwa.

Nyerere zomwe zimapita kutsogolo, kumene zimapha ndi kufa poyamba, ndizozing'ono komanso zofooka. Iwo amaperekedwa nsembe monga gawo la njira yopambana. "M'madera ena a nyerere, pangakhale magulu ambirimbiri a asilikali ogwira ntchito omwe akuyendetsa patsogolo pamtunda wambirimbiri wa 100." Mu imodzi mwa zithunzi za Moffett, zomwe zimasonyeza "nyerere yakupha ku Malaysia, nyerere zing'onozing'ono zikuchepa. ndi theka lalikulu ndi mdani wamkulu pakukhala ndi mdima wakuda. "Kodi a Pericles anganene chiyani pamaliro awo?

"Malinga ndi a Moffett, titha kuphunzira chinthu chimodzi kapena ziwiri kuchokera momwe nyerere zimamenyera nkhondo. Choyamba, magulu ankhondo amagwira ntchito mwadongosolo mosasamala kanthu kuti alibe lamulo lotani. ” Ndipo sipadzakhala nkhondo zomwe sizingachitike popanda kunama: "Monga anthu, nyerere zimatha kuyesetsa kuthana ndi adani mwachinyengo ndi mabodza." Pachithunzi china, "nyerere ziwiri zikuyang'anizana pofuna kutsimikizira kuti ndizabwino - zomwe, mwa mtundu uwu wa nyerere, zimadziwika ndi kutalika kwakuthupi. Koma nyerere yakumanja ili kudzanja lamanja ili itaima pamiyala kuti ikhale yolimba pamiyendo yake. ” Kodi Abe wowona mtima angavomereze?

M'malo mwake, nyerere ndi ankhondo odzipereka kotero kuti amatha kumenya nkhondo zapachiweniweni zomwe zimapangitsa kulimbana pang'ono pakati pa Kumpoto ndi Kummwera kuwoneka ngati mpira wokhudza. Mavu a parasitic, Ichneumon eumerus, amatha kumwa chisa cha nyerere ndi katulutsidwe kamankhwala komwe kumapangitsa nyerere kumenya nkhondo yapachiweniweni, theka lisa ndi theka lina. Ingoganizirani ngati tikadakhala ndi mankhwala oterewa kwa anthu, mtundu wa mankhwala-mphamvu ya Fox News. Tikadapatsa mtunduwo, kodi ankhondo onse omwe angakhalepo angakhale ngwazi kapena theka chabe la iwo? Kodi ngwazi za nyerere? Ndipo ngati sanatero, kodi ndi chifukwa cha zomwe akuchita kapena chifukwa cha zomwe akuganiza pazomwe akuchita? Nanga bwanji ngati mankhwalawa angawapangitse iwo kuganiza kuti akuika miyoyo yawo pachiswe kuti athandize moyo wamtsogolo padziko lapansi kapena kuti asunge chiswe cha demokalase?

Gawo: BUKHU LONSE

Asilikali amamunamizira, monga momwe gulu lonse linanamizira, ndipo - kuwonjezerapo - ngati olemba usilikali okha akhoza kunama kwa inu. Asilikali amakhulupirira kuti ali pa ntchito yabwino. Ndipo iwo akhoza kukhala olimba mtima kwambiri. Koma apolisi ndi omenyana ndi moto amatha kuchita chimodzimodzi, koma zowonjezereka koma ulemu wochepa. Ndibwino kuti tikhale olimba mtima pa ntchito yoononga? Ngati molakwika mukukhulupirira kuti mukuchita chinthu chamtengo wapatali, kulimbika kwanu kungakhale - ndikuganiza - kukhala koopsa. Ndipo mwina kungakhale kulimba mtima komwe kumayenera kutuluka muzochitika zina. Koma inu nokha simungakhale chitsanzo kapena chabwino. Zochita zanu sizikanakhala zabwino ndi zokoma. Ndipotu, pamaganizo amodzimodzi koma osamveka bwino, mungathe kutchulidwa kuti ndinu "wamantha."

Pamene zigawenga zinkauluka ndege kupita ku nyumba pa September 11, 2001, mwina anali achiwawa, achiwawa, odwala, osasamala, ochita zachiwawa, opusa, kapena opha magazi, koma zomwe iwo amatchulidwa pa televizioni ya US zinali "mantha". akanthedwa, ndithudi, ndi kulimbika kwawo, mwinamwake chifukwa chiyani olemba ndemanga ochulukirapo nthawi yomweyo anafikira kufotokoza kosiyana. "Usilikali" umamveka kuti ndi chinthu chabwino, kotero kupha misala sikungakhale wolimba mtima, choncho ndi mantha. Ndikuganiza kuti iyi inali njira yoganizira. Munthu wina wa pa televizioni sanayambe kusewera.

"Ife takhala amantha," adatero Bill Maher, akugwirizana ndi mlendo yemwe adanena kuti wakupha 9-11 sanali amantha. "Kuwombera mitsuko ya cruise kutalika makilomita awiri kutali. Ndiwo wamantha. Kukhala mu ndege pamene ikugunda nyumbayo. Nenani zomwe mukufuna pa izo. Osati wamantha. Iwe ukulondola. "Maher sanali kuteteza kupha. Anangoteteza chilankhulo cha Chingerezi. Iye anataya ntchito apobe.

Vuto lomwe ndikuganiza kuti Maher adalidziwa ndilokuti takhala tikudzipereka molimbika chifukwa chayekha popanda kuyima kuti tizindikire kuti sitikutanthauza zimenezo. Oyang'anira oyendetsa nkhumba amatanthauza izo. Asilikali amafuna kuti asilikali akhale olimba mtima ngati nyerere, asilikali omwe amatsatira malamulo, ngakhale malamulo omwe angawaphe, osaima kuti aganizire chilichonse, osasiya ngakhale kachiwiri kuti aone ngati malamulowo ndi abwino kapena oipa. Ife tikanati titayike popanda kulimbika. Timafunikira kuti tigonjetse mitundu yonse ya zoopsa zomwe sitingapewe, koma kulimba mtima mopanda nzeru kulibe phindu kapena koyipira, ndipo ndithudi siwopambana. Chimene tikusowa ndi chinachake monga ulemu. Munthu wathu woyenera komanso woyenera akhale munthu wokonzeka kuchita ngozi ngati akufuna kuchita zomwe akufuna kuti akhale njira yabwino kumapeto. Cholinga chathu sayenera kuchititsa manyazi nsomba zonse zapadziko lapansi, ngakhale ziphuphu zachiwawa, kupyolera mukutsanzira zopanda nzeru zazing'ono. Norman Thomas, yemwe analemba kuti:

"Kaya ndi mtundu wapambana kapena wopambana, adalangidwa povomereza chiwawa ndi kumvera atsogoleri osaona. Mu nkhondo palibe chisankho pakati pa kumvera kwathunthu ndi chikhalidwe. Komabe, chitukuko chabwino chimadalira mphamvu ya amuna [ndi amai] kuti azidzilamulira okha mwa njira zomwe umphumphu umagwirizana ndi kutsutsa kolimbikitsa. "

Pali zinthu zabwino zokhudza msilikali: kulimba mtima ndi kudzikonda; gulu logwirizana, nsembe, ndi chithandizo kwa mabwenzi a munthu, ndipo - mwina m'maganizo - kwa dziko lalikulu; mavuto ndi thupi; ndi adrenaline. Koma ntchito yonseyi imabweretsa zabwino kwambiri mwa kugwiritsa ntchito makhalidwe abwino kwambiri omwe ali nawo kuti atumikire mapeto oipa. Mbali zina za moyo wamasewera ndi kumvera, nkhanza, kubwezera, chisoni, tsankho, mantha, mantha, kuvulaza, kupsinjika mtima, kuvutika, ndi imfa. Ndipo chachikulu mwa izi ndi kumvera, chifukwa zingathe kutsogolera kwa ena onse. Zomwe asilikali amakhulupirira kuti anthu amakhulupirira kuti kumvera kumakhala mbali yokhulupirira, ndipo mwa otsogolera okhulupilira mungakonzekere bwino, muzichita bwino, ndikukhala otetezeka. "Lolani kupita ku chingwe tsopano!" Ndipo wina akukugwirani. Osachepera mu maphunziro. Winawake akufuula inchi imodzi kuchokera mphuno: "Ndidzapukuta pansi ndi bulu wanu wowawa, msilikali!" Komabe mumakhalabe ndi moyo. Osachepera mu maphunziro.

Potsatira malamulo mu nkhondo, ndi kuyang'anizana ndi adani omwe akufuna kuti inu mufe, kwenikweni amayamba kukupangitsani inu kupha, ngakhale ngati mwakhala mukukonzekera kuti muzichita ngati kuti sizinali choncho. Zidzakali. Ndipo okondedwa anu adzawonongedwa. Koma asilikali adzakopera popanda inu, atayika ndalama pang'ono mu zipolopolo za opanga zida, ndipo apanga mamiliyoni a anthu pang'ono kuti agwirizane ndi magulu achigawenga a anti-America. Ndipo ngati msilikali wanu wamakono ntchito ndikuthamangitsa osadziwika kutali kuti mukhale osokoneza moyo wanu pachabe, musadzisankhe nokha kuti mutha kukhala mwamtendere ndi zomwe mwachita, kapena kuti aliyense apite ganizirani kuti ndinu wodala. Izo siziri zamwano; Silimba mtima kapena zabwino, makamaka zochepa.

Gawo: INDUSTRY INDUSTRY

Pa June 16, 2010, Congresswoman Chellie Pingree wa ku Maine, yemwe, mosiyana ndi anzake ambiri, amamvetsera anthu ake komanso akutsutsana nawo nkhondo, adafunsidwa ndi General David Petraeus ku komiti ya House Armed Services Committee motere:

"Zikomo . . . General Petraeus kuti akhale ndi ife lero ndi ntchito yanu yaikulu m'dziko lino. Ife timayamikira kwambiri izo, ndipo ine ndikufuna kunena pazochitika (sic) momwe ndimayamikirira kugwira ntchito mwakhama ndi kudzipereka kwa magulu athu, makamaka kuimira boma la Maine kumene tili ndi anthu ambiri omwe atumikira ku usilikali, Um, tikuyamikira ntchito yawo ndi nsembe zawo, ndipo, nsembe, ya mabanja awo. . . .

"Sindikugwirizana ndi inu makamaka poti pitirizani kukhala ndi asilikali ku Afghanistan kwenikweni kumalimbitsa chitetezo chathu cha dziko. Popeza kuti magulu a asilikali akumwera ndi kum'mwera kwa Afghanistan anayamba, tawona kuwonjezeka kwa chiwawa, kuphatikizapo boma losazindikira komanso loipa la Afghanistan. Ndine wa chikhulupiliro kuti kupitirizabe kukulirakulira ndikuwonjezeka msinkhu wa mabungwe a ku America kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana: miyoyo yambiri ya ku America inatayika, ndipo sitidzakhala pafupi kwambiri. Ndikuganiza kuti anthu a ku America akhala akukayikira kuti kupitiriza kuika ana awo aamuna mwanjira yoopsya ku Afghanistan ndi mtengo wapatali woperekedwa, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ali ndi zifukwa zomveka zotengera. Zikuwoneka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito za usilikali kummwera ndi kum'maŵa kwa Afghanistan kunachititsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka, chiwawa chochulukirapo, komanso anthu ambiri omwe anaphedwa. . . . "

Izi ndi zina zonse zinali mbali ya funso loyamba la congresswoman, kufunsa mafunso mobwerezabwereza nthawi zambiri pokhala ndikuyankhula kuti wina wapatsidwa mphindi zisanu kuposa kulola kuti mboniyo iyankhule. Pingree adakambanso umboni wakuti pamene asilikali a US amachoka ku Afghanistan, atsogoleri am'deralo akhoza kulimbana ndi a Taliban - chida chake cholembera ntchito pokhala ku United States. Anagwira mawu kazembe wa ku Russia amene ankadziŵa kale ntchito ya Soviet Union yomwe kale ankagwira ntchito ku Afghanistan poti dziko la United States linali litapanga zolakwika zomwezo ndipo linali kupitiriza kupanga zatsopano. Petraeus atamaliza kusagwirizana kwathunthu, popanda kupereka chilichonse chatsopano, Pingree anasokonezedwa:

"Mwa chidwi cha nthawi, ndipo ndikudziwa kuti ndipita kuno, ndingonena kuti ndikuyamikira ndipo ndinayamikira kuchokera pachiyambi kuti ine ndi ine sitikugwirizana. Ndinkafuna kufotokozera maganizo awo omwe ndikuganiza kuti anthu a ku America akudandaula kwambiri za zachuma, imfa, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti tonsefe tikuda nkhawa ndi kuperewera kwathu, koma ndikukuthokozani kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yanu. "

Panthawiyi, Petraeus adalumphira kuti afotokoze kuti akufuna kuchoka ku Afghanistan, kuti adandaule ndi zovuta zonse za Pingree, koma amakhulupirira kuti akuchita zomwezo zikukonzekera chitetezo cha dziko. Chifukwa chomwe tinali ku Afghanistan chinali "chomveka bwino," adatero, popanda kufotokozera chomwe chinali. Pingree anati: "Ndidzanenanso: Ndikuyamikira utumiki wanu. Tili ndi kusagwirizana kwambili pano. "

"Kufunsa mafunso" kwa Pingree ndiko chinthu choyandikana kwambiri chomwe timachiwona mu Congress - ndipo sichikhala chosowa - kutanthauzira maganizo a anthu ambiri. Ndipo sizinali kungolankhula. Pingree anatsatilapo potsatila potsatila ndalama zowonjezereka ku Afghanistan. Koma ndabwereza kusinthana uku kuti mutchule chinthu china. Pokuimba mlandu Pulezidenti Petraeus kuti awononge amuna ndi akazi a ku America kuti aphedwe chifukwa cha zifukwa zabwino, kuchititsa anthu a ku Afghanistan kuti aphedwe popanda chifukwa, kuwononga Afghanistan ndi kutipangitsa kuti tisakhale otetezeka, Congresswoman Pingree adayamika kawiri kawiri chifukwa "utumiki" uwu. Huh?

Tiyeni tikonze kusamvana kwakukulu. Nkhondo si ntchito. Kutenga madola anga amisonkho, ndikubwezeranso kupha anthu osalakwa ndikuyika pangozi banja langa ndi zotheka blowback si ntchito chabe. Sindikumva kuti ndikutumikiridwa ndi zoterezi. Sindikupempha. Sindikutumizira kafukufuku wina ku Washington monga nsonga kuti ndiwonetse kuyamikira kwanga. Ngati mukufuna kutumikila umunthu, pali zokhudzana ndi umoyo wambiri kuposa kulowa mu makina a imfa - ndipo ngati bonasi mumakhalabe ndi moyo ndipo ntchito zanu zikuyamikiridwa. Chifukwa chake sindidzatchula zomwe Dipatimenti ya Nkhondo imatulutsa "utumiki" kapena anthu omwe amachita "amuna ndi akazi" kapena makomiti omwe amayang'anira kuyang'anira zomwe kwenikweni zimakhala ndi makomiti apakompyuta. Chimene tikusowa ndi makomiti othandizira osapulumutsidwa, ndipo timawafuna ndi mbiri ndi kutchuka zomwe kennedy analemba. Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo iyenera kukhala yosiyana ndi nkhaniyi.

Gawo: ZOCHITA KUFA

Pa nkhondo zam'mbuyomu, azidindo sakufuna kuyandikira pafupi ndi mabwalo amkhondo, ngati pali mabwalo amkhondo, ngakhale ngati Lincoln adachita, kapena ngakhale kupita ku maliro apakhomo, kapena kulola makamera kusindikiza matupi akubwerera mabokosi ( chinachake choletsedwa pa utsogoleri wa George W. Bush), kapena ngakhale kupereka nkhani zomwe zimatchula akufa. Pali zolankhula zopanda malire za zifukwa zabwino za nkhondo komanso kulimba mtima kwa asilikali. Nkhani yakufa, komabe, ndi chifukwa china chake nthawi zonse imachotsedwa.

Franklin Roosevelt nthawi ina adanena pa wailesi "Amuna khumi ndi atatu olimbika mtima ndi okhulupirika a Navy athu anaphedwa ndi chipani cha Nazi." Roosevelt anali kudzionetsera kuti gombe la Germany linagonjetsa USS Kearny popanda kuchenjeza. Zoonadi, oyendetsa ngalawa ayenera kukhala olimbika kwambiri, koma pa nkhani ya Roosevelt wamtali, iwo akadakhala osayang'ana mosayembekezereka omwe akuwombera akuwonetsa malonda awo pa sitima yamalonda. Kodi kulimba mtima ndi kukhulupirika kwakukulu bwanji zomwe zidafuna?

Poyamikira, pomvetsa nkhondo zachilendo, Roosevelt kenako ananena za nkhondo imene ikubwerayo:

"Mndandanda wa zigawenga za asilikali mosakayikira zidzakhala zazikulu. Ndikumva chisoni kwambiri ndi mabanja onse a amuna omwe ali msilikali wathu komanso achibale a anthu omwe ali m'mizinda yomwe yakhala ikuphonyedwa mabomba. "

Koma FDR sanapite ku maliro a asilikali. Lyndon Johnson anapewa nkhani ya nkhondo yakufa, ndipo adachita maliro awiri okha mwa asilikali masauzande ambiri omwe adawalamula kuti aphedwe. Nixon ndi a Pulezidenti Bush onse pamodzi adakhala ndi maliro ambirimbiri a asilikali omwe adatumiza kuti afe.

Ndipo, mosayenera kunena, azidindo sakulemekeza anthu omwe si America omwe amamenya nkhondo zawo. Ngati "kumasula" dziko kumafuna "kupereka nsembe" zikwi zikwi za Amereka ndi zikwi mazana angapo za mbadwa, chifukwa chiyani anthu onse samalira? Ngakhale ngati mukuganiza kuti nkhondoyo ndi yolungama ndipo ikuchitika bwino, kodi kusakhulupirika kumafuna kuzindikira yemwe wamwalira?

Purezidenti Ronald Reagan anapita ku manda a nkhondo ya Germany atamwalira nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Ulendowu unali chifukwa cha zokambirana ndi purezidenti wa Germany yemwe ankadziŵa kuti Reagan angayendere malo omwe kale anali kundende. Reagan adanena, asanayambe ulendo, "Palibe cholakwika ndi kuyendera manda amenewo kumene anyamatawo amazunzidwa ndi Nazism. . . . Iwo anali ozunzidwa, mofanana ndi omwe anazunzidwa m'misasa yachibalo. "Kodi iwo anali? Kodi asilikali a Nazi anali kupha anthu amene anaphedwa? Kodi zimadalira ngati amakhulupirira kuti akuchita zabwino? Kodi zimadalira kuti ndi zaka zingati komanso zabodza zomwe adauzidwa? Kodi zimadalira ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhondo kapena m'ndende yozunzirako anthu?

Nanga bwanji za nkhondo zaku America zakufa? Kodi kuwonongeka kwa dziko la Iraq ku milioni ndi ku 4,000 ku America kunasokonezeka kwambiri? Kapena ali onse omwe amazunzidwa ndi 1,004,000? Kapena ndi omwe adaphedwa ndi anthu omwe adawapha? Ndikuganiza kuti pali malo ena achinsinsi pano, ndipo kuti funso lirilonse liri bwino lomwe limayankhidwa molingana ndi munthu wina, ndipo kuti ngakhale pangakhale yankho limodzi. Koma ine ndikuganiza yankho lalamulo - kuti iwo omwe akuchita nawo nkhondo yowononga ndi akupha, ndipo mbali inayo ndi ozunzidwa - amapeza mbali yofunikira ya yankho labwino. Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndi yankho lomwe limakhala lolondola kwambiri ndikukwaniritsa zambiri zomwe anthu amadziwa.

Pulezidenti George W. Bush, pamodzi ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko lachilendo, adakamba nkhani ku nyuzipepala yomwe adaitcha kuti "ranch" ku Crawford, Texas, pa August 4, 2005. Anapemphedwa za 14 Marines kuchokera ku Brook Park, Ohio, amene adangowonongeka ndi bomba la msewu ku Iraq. Bulu anayankha,

"Anthu a Brook Park ndi achibale awo omwe adataya moyo wawo, ndikuyembekeza kuti angatonthozedwe chifukwa chakuti miyandamiyanda ya anthu anzawo akuwapempherera. Ndikukhulupirira kuti amakhalanso otonthozedwa mukumvetsetsa kuti nsembeyi inapangidwira pazifukwa zabwino. "

Patadutsa masiku awiri, Cindy Sheehan, mayi wa msilikali wa ku United States omwe adaphedwa ku Iraq ku 2004, adayima pafupi ndi chipata cha Bush komwe amayesa kumufunsa zomwe zili zabwino padziko lapansi. Anthu zikwizikwi adayanjana naye, kuphatikizapo a Veterans for Peace pamsonkhano umene adayankhula nawo asanapite ku Crawford. Atolankhani amapereka nkhaniyi kwa masabata, koma Bush sankayankha funsolo.

Atsogoleri ambiri amapita ku Manda a Asilikali osadziwika. Koma asilikali omwe anafa ku Gettysburg sakumbukiridwa. Timakumbukira kuti kumpoto kunapambana nkhondo, koma tilibe munthu aliyense kapena gulu limodzi la msilikali yemwe anali mbali ya chigonjetso chimenecho. Asilikali ali pafupifupi onse osadziwika, ndipo Tomb of the Unknown imayimira onse. Ichi ndi mbali ya nkhondo yomwe inalipo ngakhale pamene Pericles adalankhula, koma mwinamwake analipo panthawi ya nkhondo komanso nkhondo zapakati pa Middle Ages, kapena ku Japan panthawi ya samurai. Nkhondo ikamangidwa ndi malupanga ndi zida zankhondo zokwera mtengo zokha zomwe zimayenera zokha kwa opha anthu abwino omwe amapanga kupha ndi china chilichonse - ankhondowo angaike moyo wawo pachiswe chifukwa cha ulemerero wawo.

Gawo: MAFUNSO NDI ZINTHU ZILI ZOPHUNZIRA ADS

Pamene "olemekezeka" akutchulidwa kwa iwo omwe adalandira chuma komanso makhalidwe omwe amayembekezera, msilikali aliyense anali osachepera pang'ono kuposera phokoso la nkhondo. Izo zinasintha ndi mfuti, ndipo ndi machenjerero Achimerika anaphunzira kwa mbadwazo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi British. Tsopano, munthu wosauka aliyense akhoza kukhala msilikali wa nkhondo, ndipo iye apatsidwa ndondomeko kapena mzere m'malo mwa olemekezeka. "Msirikali adzamenya nkhondo yaitali komanso yovuta kuti akhale ndi nthiti yaying'ono," anatero Napoleon Bonaparte. Mu Revolution ya ku France, simunasowe chibvomerezo cha banja; mungathe kumenyana ndi kufa chifukwa cha mbendera ya dziko. Pofika nthawi ya Napoleon ndi ya US Civil War, simunafunike kukhala wochenjera kapena wanzeru kuti mukhale wankhondo wabwino. Inu mumangotenga malo anu mu mzere wautali, imani pamenepo, ndipo nthawizina mumadziyesa kuwombera mfuti yanu.

Buku la Cynthia Wachtell la War No More: Mphamvu ya Antiwar mu American Literature 1861-1914 imalongosola nkhani yotsutsana ndi nkhondo yogonjetsa chinyengo, kudziletsa, kuyang'anira makampani osindikizira, ndi kusakonda anthu, ndikudzikhazikitsira ngati ulusi wopitirira ndi mtundu wa mabuku a US (ndi cinema) kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Ndi nkhani, mbali yaikulu, ya anthu omwe amamatira malingaliro akale a olemekezeka wankhondo ndipo potsiriza akuyamba kuwasiya apite.

M'zaka zomwe zikutsogolera kuphatikizapo Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe, nkhondo - pafupifupi kutanthauzira - sikungatsutsane mu mabuku. Sir Walter Scott atapondereza kwambiri, nkhondoyo inkaperekedwa ngati cholinga chabwino komanso chachikondi. Imfa inali yojambulidwa ndi zizindikiro zofewa za kugona koyenera, kukongola kwachilengedwe, ndi ulemerero wa chivalric. Mabala ndi kuvulala sanawonekere. Kuopa, kukhumudwa, kupusa, mkwiyo ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa nkhondo yapadera sizinalipo mu mawonekedwe ake osamveka.

"Sir Walter anali ndi dzanja lalikulu kwambiri pakupanga chikhalidwe chakummwera, monga momwe zinaliri nkhondo isanayambe," anatero Mark Twain, "kuti ali ndi udindo waukulu pa nkhondo." Chikhalidwe cha kumpoto chinali chofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Kumwera. "Ngati kumpoto ndi kum'mwera zingagwirizanane pazaka za nkhondo," analemba Wachtell,

"Iwo ankangovomereza mosavuta za zolemba zawo zolemba. Kaya iwo anali okhulupirika ku Confederacy kapena Union, owerenga ankafuna kutsimikiziridwa kuti ana awo, abale awo, ndi abambo anali kusewera mbali zosiyanasiyana zomwe Mulungu ankawakonda. Olemba ambiri a nkhondo amatha kufotokozera mawu omwe anawamasulira, omwe amamva ululu, chisoni, ndi nsembe. Kunena zoona kutanthauzira kovuta ndi kosamveka kwa nkhondo sikunali kovomerezeka. "

Kulemekezeka kwa nkhondo kunali kwakukulu mwa zomwe Phillip Knightley akunena kuti "zaka zagolide" za makalata olemba nkhondo, 1865-1914:

"Kwa owerenga ku London kapena ku New York, nkhondo zakutali ku malo achilendo ziyenera kuti zinkawoneka zopanda pake, ndi kalembedwe ka nkhondo ya Golden Age - kumene mfuti imang'anima, mabingu amkokomo, kulimbana ndi nkhondo, wamkulu ndi wolimba mtima, asilikali ndi olimba mtima, zida zawo zimapanga ntchito yaying'ono ya mdani - pokhapokha atanamizira kuti zonsezi zinali nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri. "

Ife tikukhalabebe mu zolemba zankhondo zakale zankhondo zakale zankhondo lero. Zimayendetsa nthaka ngati zombie, monga momwe zimakhalira, kutentha kwa dziko lonse, ndi tsankho. Zimapangitsa mamembala a ku congress kukhala olemekeza Davide Petraeus mofanana ngati akanamenyana ndi lupanga ndi kavalo kusiyana ndi desiki ndi TV. Ndipo ziri ngati zakupha komanso zopanda pake monga momwe zinaliri pamene asilikali a Nkhondo Yadziko Yonse anayenda kuti akafe kumunda:

"Mbali ziwiri zonsezi zikumbukira ulemerero wamakedzana, pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha msilikali wankhondo kuti awonetse nkhondo monga ntchito yolemekezeka ndi utsogoleri wapamwamba, pogwiritsa ntchito zamakono zamakono kuti amenyane ndi nkhondo ya attrition. Panthawi ya nkhondo ya Somme, kuyambira mu July 1916, mabungwe a Britain adagonjetsa mdani kwa masiku asanu ndi atatu ndikukwera pamtunda. Anthu okwera mfuti a ku Germany anapha 20,000 mwa iwo tsiku loyamba. Pambuyo pa miyezi inayi asilikali a ku Germany adagwa mmakilomita angapo kuti awononge 600,000 Allied ndipo 750,000 German anafa. Mosiyana ndi zipolowe zamakoloni zomwe zimadziwika ndi maulamuliro onse, imfa ya mbali zonsezi inali yaikulu kwambiri. "

Chifukwa chakuti opanga nkhondo akukhala panthawi yonse ya nkhondo, monga momwe amachitira asanawamasulire, anthu a ku Britain, France, Germany, ndi kenako United States, sankakhala kutali ndikudziŵa bwino momwe anthu omwe anaferawo nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse kunja. Akanakhala ali, akanatha kuimitsa.

Gawo: NKHONDO NDI YOSOWA

Ngakhale kunena kuti ife tasokoneza nkhondo ndi kuika zosangalatsa pazinthu, osati chifukwa chakuti zisankho za nkhondo zimapangidwabe ndi anthu osadziwika. Kuyambira nkhondo ya Vietnam, United States yanyengerera zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito pomenyera usilikali zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa onse. M'malo mwake timagwiritsa ntchito madola mabiliyoni ambiri pa ntchito, kuwonjezera malipiro a usilikali, ndi kupereka ma bonasi osayina mpaka anthu okwanira "athandizidwa" polemba mapangano omwe amalola asilikali kuti asinthe zomwe akufuna.

Ngati magulu ambiri akufunika, ingolonjezani mgwirizano wa zomwe muli nazo. Mukusowa zambiri? Gwiritsani ntchito Nkhondo ya National Guard ndikuyendetsa ana kunkhondo omwe adalemba kuti akuthandiza mvula yamkuntho. Komabe sikokwanira? Ikani makontrakitala kuti muyende, kuphika, kuyeretsa, ndi kumanga. Asiyeni asilikari akhale asirikari oyera omwe ntchito yawo ndi kupha, monga ma knights akale. Phokoso, mwangoyamba kuchulukitsa kukula kwa mphamvu yanu, ndipo palibe amene amazindikira kupatula opindula.

Akusowa opha anzawo? Gwiritsani magulu. Gwiritsani asilikali achilendo. Osakwanira? Gwiritsani ntchito ma teliyoni madola pa teknoloji kuti mupititse mphamvu ya munthu aliyense. Gwiritsani ntchito ndege yosanenedwa kuti wina asavulaze. Lonjezerani alendo ochokera kumayiko ena kuti adzakhala nzika ngati atalowa. Sinthani miyezo yolembera: mutengere okalamba, olemera, odwala kwambiri, osaphunzira pang'ono, ndi zolemba zamlandu. Pangani sukulu zapamwamba kupereka olemba ntchito zoyenerera zoyesayesa zomwe akupeza komanso zomwe akuphunzira, komanso kuwalonjeza ophunzira kuti angapange malo awo osankhidwa mdziko labwino la imfa, komanso kuti muwatumize ku koleji ngati akukhala - akungokulonjezani palibe. Ngati iwo akukanika, inu munayamba mochedwa kwambiri. Ikani masewera a pakompyuta m'masitolo. Tumizani akuluakulu ovala yunifolomu kuti aziwotchera ana kuti azitha kuwathandiza kuti aganizire moona mtima komanso kulumbira. Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi ya 10 ndalama polemba msilikali aliyense watsopano pamene tikuphunzitsa mwana aliyense. Chitani chirichonse, chirichonse, china chirichonse kupatula kuyambitsa ndandanda.

Koma pali dzina la chizoloŵezi ichi chopewa miyambo ya chikhalidwe. Icho chimatchedwa kukonzekera umphawi. Chifukwa chakuti anthu samakonda kuchita nawo nkhondo, awo omwe ali ndi ntchito zina amatha kusankha zosankha zina. Anthu amene amaona asilikali kukhala chimodzi mwa zosankha zawo okha, kuwombera kwawo pokhapokha ku sukulu ya koleji, kapena njira yawo yokha yopulumutsira miyoyo yawo yovuta ndizosavuta kufunsa. Malinga ndi Not Your Soldier Project:

"Ambiri mwa anthu amene amapita usilikali amachokera kumadera ochepa omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri.

"Mu 2004, 71 peresenti ya anthu akuda, osankhidwa a 65 a ku Latino anagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo 58 peresenti ya anthu oyerawo anachokera kuchokera kumidzi yapakatikati.

"Anthu ambiri omwe amaphunzira kusukulu ya sekondale nthawi zonse anachoka ku 86 peresenti mu 2004 mpaka 73 peresenti mu 2006.

"[A recruiters] sanena konse kuti ndalama za koleji zimakhala zovuta kubwera - anthu ochepa chabe a 16 omwe adatumizidwa ntchito zaka zinayi adalandira ndalama zothandizira sukulu. Iwo samanena kuti luso la ntchito lomwe amalonjeza silidzapita kudziko lenileni. Ndi a 12 peresenti yokha ya azimayi omwe amamenya nkhondo komanso a 6 peresenti ya akazi achimuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe amaphunzira ku usilikali pa ntchito zawo zamakono. Ndipo ndithudi, iwo amatsutsa chiopsezo chophedwa pamene ali pantchito. "

Mu nyuzipepala ya 2007 Jorge Mariscal anasanthula kufufuza kwa Associated Press kuti "pafupifupi atatu mwa magawo anayi a [asilikali a US] omwe anaphedwa ku Iraq anachokera m'matawuni omwe anthu omwe anali nawo amapeza ndalama zosachepera. Oposa theka anabwera kuchokera kumatawuni komwe anthu ochuluka omwe amakhala mu umphawi amawerengera anthu onse. "

Mariscal analemba kuti: "Mwina sizodabwitsa,

"Kuti Pulogalamu ya GED Plus Enlistment Programme, yomwe opempha popanda dipatimenti ya sekondale amaloledwa kuitanitsa pamene amaliza chikole chovomerezeka ku sukulu yapamwamba, akuyang'ana m'madera akumidzi.

"Pamene achinyamata achinyamata amagwira ntchito ku koleji ya kumudzi kwawo, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi olemba usilikali akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti awafooketse. 'Simukupita kulikonse pano,' olemba ntchito amanena. 'Malo awa ndi mapeto atha. Ndikutha kukupatsani zambiri. ' Maphunziro opangidwa ndi Pentagon - monga a RAND Corporation a 'Youth Recruitment' ku Market Market: Zochita Zamakono ndi Zotsatila Zotsatira za Ndondomeko '- lankhulani momasuka za koleji monga mpikisano wokhala nawo mmodzi pamsika wa achinyamata. . . .

"Sikuti onse amene amaphunzitsidwa, amatsogoleredwa ndi ndalama. M'magulu ogwira ntchito a mtundu uliwonse, kawirikawiri pamakhala miyambo yambiri yautumiki wa usilikali komanso maulumikizano pakati pa utumiki ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba aumunthu. Kwa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti 'achilendo,' monga Latinos ndi Asiya, pali zovuta kuti azitumikira kuti atsimikizire kuti wina ndi 'American'. Kwa anthu omwe asamukira kumene, ali ndi luso lokhala mzika kapena kukhala nzika. Kulimbana ndi zachuma, komabe, ndizosatsutsika. . . . "

Mariscal amadziwa kuti pali zifukwa zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo chikhumbo chochita chinthu chofunikira ndi chofunikira kwa ena. Koma amakhulupirira kuti zokhumba zowonongeka zikusocheretsedwa:

"Mu zochitika izi, chikhumbo 'chopanga kusiyana,' kamodzi atalowetsedwa mu zida zankhondo, chikutanthauza kuti achinyamata a ku America angafunike kupha anthu osalakwa kapena kuzunzidwa ndi zenizeni za nkhondo. Tengani chitsanzo choipa cha Sgt. Paul Cortez, yemwe adaphunzira ku 2000 kuchokera ku Central High School m'tawuni ya Barstow, Calif., Adagwirizana ndi ankhondo ndipo anatumizidwa ku Iraq. Pa March 12, 2006, adachita nawo chigwirizano cha chigawenga cha msungwana wakale wa ku Iraq wa 14 ndi kupha iye ndi banja lake lonse.

"Akafunsidwa za Cortez, mnzake wa m'kalasiyo anati: 'Sangachitepo zoterozo. Iye samamupweteka mkazi. Iye sakanakhoza kugunda chimodzi kapena ngakhale kukweza dzanja lake kwa mmodzi. Kulimbana ndi dziko lake ndi chinthu chimodzi, koma osati pankhani ya kugwiririra ndi kupha. Si iyeyo. ' Tiyeni tivomereze zomwe akunena kuti 'si iyeyo.' Komabe, chifukwa cha zochitika zosayembekezereka komanso zosakhululukidwa pambali ya nkhondo yoletsedwa ndi yachiwerewere, 'icho' ndi chimene iye anakhala. Pa February 21, 2007, Cortez adapereka chilolezo kwa kugwiriridwa ndi ziwerengero zinayi zopha munthu. Anatsutsidwa masiku angapo pambuyo pake, anaweruzidwa kukhala m'ndende komanso moyo wake wonse kumoto. "

Mu bukhu la 2010 lotchedwa The Casualty Gap, Douglas Kriner ndi Francis Shen akuyang'ana chidziwitso kuchokera ku Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Korea, Vietnam, ndi Iraq. Anapeza kuti nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse yokha inali yolemba bwino ntchito, pamene nkhondo zina zitatuzo zinachokera ku America osauka ndi osaphunzira kwambiri, kutsegula "kusiyana koopsa" komwe kunakula kwambiri ku Korea, kachiwiri ku Vietnam, komanso Nkhondo pa Iraq monga asilikali inasintha kuchoka ku boma kuti idzipereke "odzipereka." Olembawo anatchula kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti pamene Achimereka akuzindikira kusiyana kwa mliriwu, iwo amathandizira kwambiri nkhondo.

Kusintha kuchokera ku nkhondo makamaka kwa olemera ndi nkhondo makamaka osauka kwakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo sikutha. Chifukwa chimodzi, iwo omwe ali ndi udindo wapamwamba mu usilikali amakhala akutha kuchokera ku mbiri yabwino. Ndipo mosasamala za chikhalidwe chawo, akuluakulu apamwamba ndi omwe sangathe kuwona nkhondo yoopsa. Kutsogolera asilikali kunkhondo si momwe kumagwirira ntchito, kupatula mu malingaliro athu. Atsogoleri onse a Bush Bush adawona kuvomerezedwa kwawo poyera pazochitika za anthu pamene adamenya nkhondo - poyamba pomwe nkhondo zinali zatsopano komanso zazikulu. Musaganize kuti apolisi awa adalimbana nawo nkhondo ndi Oval Office. Chotsatira cha izi ndi chakuti iwo omwe amapanga zosankha zomwe anthu ambiri amakhalapo ndizosawonekeratu kuwona imfa yapafupi, kapena kuti adawawonapo.

Gawo: NIGHTMARE YA AIR-CONDITIONED

Pulezidenti woyamba wa Bush Bush adawona nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse kuchokera ku ndege, yomwe ili kutali kwambiri ndi imfa, ngakhale kuti sikunali kutali kwambiri ndi Reagan yemwe adapewa kumenya nkhondo. Monga kuganiza kwa adani monga chinthu chamunthu chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuwapha, kuwamenya mabomba kuchokera kumwamba kumakhala kosavuta m'maganizo kusiyana ndi kugwira nawo mpeni kapena kuwombera wokhotakhota ataimirira khungu pambali pa khoma. Atsogoleri a Clinton ndi Bush Bush Jr anapewa nkhondo ya Vietnam, Clinton kupyolera mwa mwayi wophunzira, Bush chifukwa chokhala mwana wa bambo ake. Purezidenti Obama sanapite kunkhondo. Vice Presidents Dan Quayle, Dick Cheney, ndi Joe Biden, monga Clinton ndi Bush Bush, adayambitsa ndondomekoyi. Vice Purezidenti Al Gore anapita ku nkhondo ya Vietnam mwachidule, koma monga wolemba nyuzipepala, osati msilikali amene adawona nkhondo.

Kawirikawiri munthu wina akuganiza kuti zikwi ayenera kufa ndizoona kuti zikuchitika. Pa August 15, 1941, chipani cha Nazi chinapha kale anthu ambiri. Koma Heinrich Himmler, mmodzi mwa akuluakulu akuluakulu ankhondo m'dzikolo amene amayang'anira kupha Ayuda asanu ndi limodzi, sanaonepo munthu akufa. Anapempha kuti aone kuwombera ku Minsk. Ayuda adauzidwa kuti adzuke mumtsinje kumene adaphedwa ndi dothi. Kenaka ambiri adauzidwa kuti alowe mkati. Himmler adayima pambali pomwepo, mpaka chinachake kuchokera pamutu wa munthu chinawombera pa malaya ake. Iye anatembenukira ndipo anatembenuka. Mtsogoleri wa kumeneko anati:

"Yang'anani maso a amuna a Kommando. Kodi ndi otsatira otani amene tikuphunzitsa pano? Zosokoneza ubongo kapena zoopsa! "

Himmler anawauza kuti achite ntchito yawo ngakhale kuti zinali zovuta. Anabwerera kudzamuthandiza kuchokera ku desiki.

Gawo: SHALT INU MWAFUNA KAPENA OSATI?

Kupha kumveka mosavuta kwambiri kuposa momwemo. Kuyambira kale, amuna adziika miyoyo yawo pangozi kuti asapeze nawo nkhondo:

"Amuna adathawa kwawo, adatumikira kundende yaitali, adathamangitsidwa miyendo, amawombera kapena amalemba zala zawo, akudwala kapena amisala, kapena ngati akanatha kulipira, amapereka ndalama zothandizira m'malo awo. 'Ena amadula mano, ena amadzidzimitsa okha, ndipo ena amadzivulaza okha, akupita kwa ife,' bwanamkubwa wa Igupto anadandaula za anthu ake omwe ankakhala nawo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Choncho osakhulupirika anali udindo ndi fayilo ya asilikali a Prussia a m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, kuti malemba a usilikali amaletsa msasa pafupi ndi nkhalango kapena nkhalango. Asilikaliwo amangothamangira m'mitengo. "

Ngakhale kupha anthu osakhala nyama kumakhala kosavuta kwa anthu ambiri, kupha anthu anzawo ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika pamoyo wanu zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukhalapo ndi anthu kuti zikhalidwe zambiri zakhala ndi miyambo yopangira munthu wamba kukhala wankhondo, ndipo nthawi zina kubwereranso pambuyo pa nkhondo. Agiriki akale, Aaztecs, Chinese, Amwenye a Yanomamo, ndi Asikuti adagwiritsanso ntchito mowa kapena mankhwala ena kuti athe kupha.

Anthu ochepa amaphedwa kunja kwa usilikali, ndipo ambiri a iwo ali osokonezeka kwambiri. James Gilligan, mu bukhu lake la Violence: Akuganizira za Mliri wa Mdziko, adapeza kuti ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha nkhanza zakupha kapena kudzipha monga manyazi ndi manyazi, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa ulemu ndi udindo (ndi chikondi chenicheni ndi chisamaliro) mwamphamvu kuti kupha ( wekha ndi / kapena ena) kungachepetse ululu - kapena, kuperewera kwakumverera. Pamene munthu amachita manyazi ndi zosoŵa zake (komanso kuchita manyazi), Gilligan akulemba, ndipo akaona kuti palibe njira yothetsera mavuto, komanso pamene sangathe kumva chikondi kapena kudziimba mlandu kapena mantha, zotsatira zake zingakhale zachiwawa. Nanga bwanji ngati chiwawa ndi chiyambi? Nanga mungatani ngati mukudwala anthu osauka? Kodi zotsatirazi zingakhale zofanana ndi za munthu yemwe akuwombera mkati mwake kuti amuphe?

Chisankho chochita zachiwawa kunja kwa nkhondo sizongoganizira, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito zamatsenga, monga Gilligan akufotokozera pofufuza tanthauzo la milandu imene opha anzawo aphwanya matupi awo. "Ndikukhulupirira," akulemba motero,

"Khalidwe lochitirana zachiwawa, ngakhale lomwe likuwoneka ngati lopanda nzeru, losamvetsetseka, ndi la maganizo, ndilo lingaliro lovomerezeka pazidziwikiratu, zomwe zimakhazikika; ndi kuti ngakhale pamene zikuwoneka kuti zakhudzidwa ndi 'kulingalira' kudzikonda, ndizo mapeto a zochitika zosayenerera, zowonongeka, ndi zopanda chidziwitso zomwe zingakhoze kufufuzidwa, kuzidziwika, ndi kumvetsa. "

Kuwongolera kwa matupi, kulikonse komwe kumayendetsa, kumakhala kozoloŵera kawirikawiri mu nkhondo, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe sali ndi chizoloŵezi chopha zachiwawa asanalowe usilikali. Zithunzi zambiri zolimbana ndi nkhondo kuchokera ku Nkhondo Yaku Iraq zimasonyeza ziwalo ndi ziwalo za thupi zikulumikizidwa ndi kuwonetsedwa mwatsatanetsatane, ziikidwa mu mbale monga ngati ana. Zambiri mwa zithunzizi zinatumizidwa ndi asilikali a ku America kupita ku webusaitiyi yomwe inalonda zolaula. Zikuoneka kuti zithunzi zimenezi zinkaonedwa ngati zolaula za nkhondo. Zikuoneka kuti zinalengedwa ndi anthu omwe amakonda kukonda nkhondo - osati ndi Himmlers kapena Dick Cheneys amene amasangalala kutumiza ena, koma ndi anthu omwe amasangalala kukhala kumeneko, anthu omwe adasainira ndalama za koleji kapena maphunziro awo opha.

Pa June 9, 2006, asilikali a ku United States anapha Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, adatenga chithunzi cha mutu wake wakufa, adawupukuta kwambiri, ndipo adawuwonetsera pachisudzo pamsonkhanowu. Kuchokera momwe izo zinakhazikidwira, mutu ukhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi thupi kapena ayi. Zikuoneka kuti izi sizinali zitsimikizo zokha za imfa yake, koma ndibwezera kubwezera kwa al-Zarqawi.

Gilligan akumvetsa zomwe zimayambitsa chiwawa zimachokera ku ndende ndi mabungwe a thanzi labwino, osati kuchitapo kanthu pankhondo, osati kuwona nkhani. Akulongosola kuti kufotokoza momveka bwino kwa nkhanza nthawi zambiri kumakhala kolakwika:

"Anthu ena amaganiza kuti achifwamba amatha kuchita zolakwa zawo kuti apeze ndalama. Ndipo ndithudi, nthawizina, ndi momwe amalingalira khalidwe lawo. Koma mukakhala pansi ndikulankhulana ndi anthu omwe amachita mobwerezabwereza zolakwa zoterezi, zomwe mumamva ndizo, 'Sindinayambe ndakhala ndi ulemu wochuluka mmoyo wanga monga momwe ndinayambira pamene ndinayamba kuwombera munthu,' kapena, Khulupirirani kuti mumapeza ulemu wotani mukakhala ndi mfuti pamaso. Kwa amuna omwe akhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yonse ndikunyansidwa ndi kunyansidwa, chiyeso chopeza ulemu mwachangu mwa njira iyi chingakhale chopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa mtengo wopita kundende, kapena kufa. "

Ngakhale kuti nkhanza, makamaka m'mayiko osauka, zingakhale zopanda nzeru, Gilligan akufotokoza njira zomveka zomwe zingapewere kapena kulimbikitsidwa. Ngati mukufuna kuonjezera chiwawa, akulemba kuti, mutenga zotsatirazi zomwe United States yatenga: Kuwombera anthu ambiri mochuluka; mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amaletsa chiwawa ndi kulemba ndi kulengeza zomwe zimalimbikitsa; gwiritsani ntchito misonkho ndi ndondomeko zachuma kuti zowonjezera kusiyana kwa chuma ndi phindu; kukana maphunziro osauka; kupititsa patsogolo tsankho; kupanga zosangalatsa zomwe zimalimbikitsa zachiwawa; kupanga zida zakupha mosavuta; kuonjezera kuwonetsera ntchito za abambo ndi abambo; kulimbikitsa tsankho kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha; gwiritsani ntchito nkhanza kulanga ana kusukulu ndi kunyumba; ndi kusunga umphawi mokwanira. Ndipo nchifukwa ninji mungachite kapena kupirira? Mwina chifukwa chakuti ambiri omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza ali osawuka, ndipo osauka amawongolera ndi kufunsa ufulu wawo pamene sakuopsezedwa ndi upandu.

Gilligan akuyang'ana milandu yachiwawa, makamaka kuphana, kenako akuyang'ana ku dongosolo lathu la chiwawa, kuphatikizapo chilango cha imfa, kugwiriridwa kundende, ndi kundende. Amawona chilango chobwezera chilango monga nkhanza zofanana ndizo zomwe zimalanga. Amawona zachiwawa ndi umphaŵi monga zovulaza kwambiri, koma sakuyankha nkhani ya nkhondo. Gilligan akufotokozera momveka bwino kuti amachititsa nkhondo kumenyana ndi chiwawa, komabe m'malo amodzi amatsutsa nkhondo zothetsa nkhondo, ndipo palibe pamene akulongosola momwe chiphunzitso chake chingagwiritsire ntchito mogwirizanitsa.

Nkhondo zimapangidwa ndi maboma, monga momwe tikuchitira chilungamo. Kodi ali ndi mizu yofanana? Kodi asilikari ndi magulu amilandu ndi makontrakitala ndi akuluakulu a boma amamverera manyazi ndi manyazi? Kodi ziphunzitso za nkhondo ndi maphunziro a usilikali zimapanga lingaliro lakuti mdani wasiya ulemu wankhondo amene ayenera kupha tsopano kuti apeze ulemu wake? Kapena kodi kunyozetsa kwa serpentant kubowola kumapangitsa kuti awonetseredwe motsutsana ndi mdaniyo? Nanga bwanji a bungwe la a congress ndi a pulezidenti, akuluakulu a boma ndi zida za zida za zida, ndi makampani okhudzana ndi magulu - omwe akukonzekera kumenya nkhondo? Kodi iwo alibe udindo wapamwamba ndi kulemekeza kale, ngakhale atakhala kuti alowerera ndale chifukwa cha chikhumbo chawo chapadera cha chidwi choterocho? Kodi pali zolimbikitsa zambiri, monga ndalama zothandizira ndalama, kulandira ndalama zothandizira ndalama, ndi kuvota voti kuntchito kuno, ngakhale zolemba za Project for the New American Century zili ndi zambiri zonena za kulimba mtima ndi ulamuliro ndi ulamuliro?

Nanga bwanji za anthu onse, kuphatikizapo onse omwe amatsutsana nawo nkhondo? Malemba ovomerezeka ndi zojambulazo zimaphatikizapo izi: "Mitundu iyi siimathamanga," "Wonyada kukhala Merika," "Usabwerere pansi," "Osadula ndi kuthamanga." Palibe chomwe chingakhale chopanda nzeru kapena chophiphiritsira kuposa nkhondo njira kapena malingaliro, monga "Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse Pachivomezi," yomwe inayambika ngati kubwezera, ngakhale kuti anthu oyambirira omwe kubwezeredwa amafunidwa anali atafa kale. Kodi anthu amaganiza kuti kudzikuza kwawo ndi kudzidalira kumadalira kubwezera komwe kukupezeka pomenyera nkhondo ku Afghanistan mpaka palibe amene akutsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa US? Ngati ndi choncho, sizingakhale bwino kuwafotokozera kuti zochita zoterezi zimatipangitsa kukhala otetezeka. Koma nanga bwanji ngati anthu omwe akukhumba ulemu amadziwa kuti makhalidwe amenewa amachititsa kuti dziko lathu lisanyozedwe kapena kusekedwa, kapena kuti boma likuwasewera iwo opusa, kuti azungu ali ndi moyo wapamwamba chifukwa chosayika ndalama zawo zonse pankhondo, kapena kuti pulezidenti wa chidole monga Hamid Karzai wa Afghanistan akupanga ndalama ndi masipoti a ndalama za America?

Ziribe kanthu, kafukufuku wina amapeza kuti pafupifupi awiri peresenti ya anthu amasangalala kupha, ndipo amakhala osokonezeka maganizo kwambiri. Cholinga cha maphunziro a usilikali ndi kupanga anthu wamba, kuphatikizapo othandizana nawo nkhondo, kukhala pakati pa anthu, makamaka pa nkhondo, kuwathandiza kuchita nkhondo zomwe zikanati zikhale zovuta kwambiri pa nthawi ina iliyonse kapena malo. Momwe anthu angaphunzitsire kuti aphe m'nkhondo ndikufanizira kupha mu maphunziro. Ophunzira omwe amabala mabomba kuti afe, amavomereza "Magazi amapangitsa udzu kukula!", Ndi kuwombera zolinga zokopa ndi zolinga za anthu, adzapha pankhondo pamene akuwopa. Sadzafunikira maganizo awo. Maganizo awo adzatha. Dave Grossman analemba kuti: "Chinthu chokha chimene chili ndi chiyembekezo chokhazikitsa midbrain, ndicho chinthu chokha chimene chimakhudza galu: chochitika ndichizoloŵezi."

"Ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ozimitsa moto ndi oyendetsa ndege kuti achitepo kanthu pazidzidzidzi: kutanthauzira mobwerezabwereza za zomwe adzakumane nazo (mu nyumba yamoto kapena simulator) ndikuwonetseratu momwe mukufunira. Kutupa-kuyankha, kuyambitsa-kuyankha, kuyambitsa-kuyankha. Pavutoli, pamene anthuwa amawopa, amachitapo kanthu ndikusunga miyoyo. . . . Sitimauza ana a sukulu zomwe ayenera kuchita ngati moto, ife tikuwakwaniritsa; ndipo akachita mantha, amachita zabwino. "

Ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso okonzedwa bwino pomwe anthu ambiri amatha kuphedwa. Monga momwe Grossman ndi ena ananenera, "m'mbiri yonse ya amuna pankhondo sanayese kupha mdani, ngakhale kupulumutsa miyoyo yawo kapena ya anzawo." Tasintha zomwezo.

Grossman amakhulupirira kuti chiwawa chamanyazi m'mafilimu, masewero a kanema, ndi chikhalidwe chathu chonse ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwawa chikhalepo pakati pa anthu ndipo amatsutsa, ngakhale atakambirana za njira zabwino zomwe asilikali angapangire opha nkhondo. Pamene Grossman ali mu bizinesi ya alangizi a uphungu omwe akuvutika chifukwa chopha, amathandiza pakupha anthu ambiri. Sindikuganiza kuti zolinga zake ndizoopsa ngati zikumveka. Ndikuganiza kuti akungokhulupirira kuti kupha kumasandulika kukhala mphamvu yowonjezera ndi chidziwitso cha nkhondo ndi dziko lake. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kugwirizanitsa zachiwawa m'mafilimu ndi m'maseŵera a ana. Palibe pokha pa On Death pamene akulankhula zovuta kuti nkhani zachiwawa zamphamvu zokwanira kuyendetsa nkhanza zosagwirizana ndi nkhondo ziyeneranso kupanga ntchito ya olemba usilikali ndi ophunzitsira mosavuta.

Mu 2010, zionetsero za olimbikitsa mtendere zimakakamiza asilikali kuti atseke chinachake chomwe chidatchedwa Army Experience Center, chomwe chinali mu msika wa Pennsylvania. Pakatikati, ana adasewera masewera a pakompyuta akuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo zankhondo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mavidiyo. Olemba ntchito amapereka malangizo othandiza. Asilikaliwa anachitira ana aang'ono izi kuti asamaloledwe kulembedwa, mwachidwi akukhulupirira kuti ntchitoyi idzalimbikitsidwa. Zoonadi, njira zina zomwe timaphunzitsira ana kuti chiwawa chingakhale chabwino komanso chothandiza ndikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito nkhondo yeniyeni komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro a boma m'ndondomeko yathu ya chilungamo.

Mu August 2010, woweruza ku Alabama adayesa munthu kuti aphedwe pa webusaiti ya Facebook kuti aphe anthu ambirimbiri omwe amawapha anthu ambiri a 32 ku Virginia Tech. Chiganizo? Mwamunayo anayenera kulowa usilikali. Ankhondo adanena kuti zikanamutengera iye atayesedwa. Woweruzayo anamuuza kuti: "Asilikali ndi abwino komanso abwino." "Ndikhoza kunena kuti ndizoyenera," adanena.

Ngati pali mgwirizano pakati pa chiwawa kunja kwa nkhondo ndi mkati mwake, ngati zonsezi sizinthu zosiyana, wina akhoza kuyembekezera kuwona pamwambapa-chiwerengero cha nkhanza kuchokera kwa ankhondo a nkhondo, makamaka kuchokera kwa omwe agwira nkhope zawo- nkhondo yomenyana pansi. Mu 2007, Boma la Justice Statistics linatulutsa lipoti, pogwiritsira ntchito deta ya 2004, kwa akazitape kundende, kulengeza kuti:

"Pakati pa amuna akuluakulu a ku America ku 2004, zida zankhondo zidawoneka ngati osakhala akazitape kuti akhale m'ndende (akaidi a 630 pa asilikali a 100,000, poyerekeza ndi akaidi a 1,390 pa 100,000 omwe sali mdziko la US). Ine ndawona izo zikugwidwa popanda zomwe zinabwera motsatira:

"Kusiyana kwakukuluku kufotokozedwa ndi zaka. Awiri mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a azamuna a ku America anali osachepera zaka 55, poyerekeza ndi 17 peresenti ya amuna osakhala achilendo. Chiwerengero cha akaidi aamuna achikulirewa (182 pa 100,000) anali otsika kwambiri kuposa omwe anali ndi zaka 55 (1,483 pa 100,000). "

Koma izi sizikutiuza ngati amkhondo amatha kukhala m'ndende, osakhala achiwawa. Lipotilo likutiuza kuti ambiri mwa iwo omwe ali m'ndende omwe ali m'ndende akhala akupezeka ndi milandu yachiwawa kuposa momwe amachitira osakhala achigawenga, ndipo ndi ochepa okha omwe ali m'ndende omwe ali m'ndende akhala akulimbana. Koma sikutiwuza ngati abambo kapena amai omwe akhala akulimbana ndizovuta kuchita zachiwawa kusiyana ndi ena a msinkhu wawo.

Ngati chiwerengero cha umbanda chinasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha zigawenga zowonjezereka chikuwonjezeka ndi ankhondo omenyera nkhondo, palibe ndale yemwe akufuna kukhalabe wandale kwa nthawi yayitali angafune kuwafalitsa. Mu April 2009, nyuzipepala inanena kuti FBI ndi Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo cha Pakhomo anali akuchenjeza antchito awo omwe anali kuyang'anitsitsa olamulira akuluakulu ndi "magulu ankhanza / a anthu omwe anali okhwima maganizo" kuti aziganizira za asilikali a ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan. FBI inalangiza kuti anthu ambiri azisamalidwa ndi magulu oterewa chifukwa cha mkwiyo wawo.

Inde, zikuwoneka zosalungama kutumiza anthu kuti achite ntchito yoipa ndikuwatsutsa iwo akadzabweranso. Magulu achigwirizano amadzipereka kuti athetse tsankho. Koma ziwerengero za gulu siziyenera kuchitidwa ngati zifukwa zochitira nkhanza anthu pawokha. Ngati kutumiza anthu ku nkhondo kumawachititsa kukhala oopsa kwambiri tiyenera kudziwa kuti, popeza kutumiza anthu kunkhondo ndi chinthu chomwe tingasankhe kuti tichite. Palibe amene angakhale ndi chiopsezo chilichonse chochiza anthu ochita zachiwawa ngati tilibe ankhondo.

Pa July 28, 2009, Washington Post inatulutsa nkhani yomwe inayamba:

"Asilikali akubwerera kuchokera ku Iraq atatumikira ndi Fort Carson, Colo., Gulu la nkhondoli likuwonetsa khalidwe lachigawenga m'midzi mwawo, kupha anthu ambiri komanso milandu ina yomwe asilikali omwe kale anali nawo amachititsa kuti azitha kulandira chilango. zochitika za kupha anthu osasankhidwa panthawi yovuta, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi nyuzipepala ya Colorado Springs Gazette. "

Zigawenga zomwe asilikaliwa adazichita ku Iraq zinaphatikizapo kupha anthu mwachisawawa - nthawi zina pamalopo-osagwiritsa ntchito - pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti zoletsedwa kwa ogwidwa ukapolo, kukankhira anthu pamabwalo, kuwomba zida ndi zipolopolo zosavomerezeka, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi kuvulaza matupi wa Iraq. Milandu yomwe adachita pobwerera kunyumba ankaphatikizapo kugwiriridwa, kuzunza akazi, kuwombera, kuwombera, kuwombera komanso kudzipha.

Sitingathe kupititsa kwa asilikali onse ku milandu yokhudzana ndi zigawenga za 10, koma ndikuganiza kuti asilikali enieniwo amakhulupirira kuti mavuto omwe akuchitika pankhondoyi "angawonjezere mavuto" a amphawi akupha m'mbuyo mwa dziko lopanda nkhondo kupha sikungakhalenso kosangalatsa.

Kafukufuku wochuluka amatha kunena kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) amachita zachiwawa kwambiri kuposa anthu omwe sagwidwa ndi PTSD. Ndipotu, anthu omwe akudwala PTSD amakhalanso ambiri omwe amamenya nkhondo zambiri. Pokhapokha ngati asilikali opanda nkhanza ali ndi nkhanza zochepa kusiyana ndi anthu wamba, amphawi amafunika kukhala apamwamba.

Ngakhale kuti ziŵerengero za kuphedwa zikuwoneka zovuta, anthu odzipha amapezeka mosavuta. Panthawiyi, asilikali a ku America adatayika miyoyo yambiri kudzipha kusiyana ndi kukamenyana, ndipo asilikali omwe adawona nkhondo akudzipha pamwambamwamba kusiyana ndi omwe sanakhale nawo. Asilikali amadzipha kuti akhale asilikali ogwira ntchito ku 20.2 pa 100,000, apamwamba kusiyana ndi a US kuwerengera ngakhale atasinthidwa kuti azikhala amuna kapena akazi. Ndipo bungwe la Veterans Administration ku 2007 linapereka chiwerengero cha kudzipha kwa ankhondo a ku United States omwe anasiya usilikali pa 56.8 yodabwitsa kwambiri pa 100,000, kuposa chiwerengero cha kudzipha pa dziko lirilonse la padziko lapansi, ndipo amaposa kuposa kudzipha kwa amuna onse kunja kwa Belarus - malo omwewo komwe Himmler anaona kupha anthu ambiri. Magazini ya Time yomwe inalembedwa pa April 13, 2010, ida-ngakhale kuti asilikali sakufuna kuvomereza izo - chimodzi chothandizira, chodabwitsa kwambiri, mwina nkhondo:

"Chidziwitso cha nkhondo palokha chingathandizenso. Craig Bryan, katswiri wa zamaganizo wa yunivesite ya Texas, ananena kuti: "Kulimbana kumapangitsa kuti anthu asakhale opanda mantha pankhani ya imfa komanso amatha kudzipha." Kuphatikiza kulimbana ndi nkhondo komanso kukonzekera mfuti kungakhale koopsa kwa aliyense amene akuganiza kudzipha. Pafupi theka la asilikali omwe amadzipha okha amagwiritsa ntchito zida, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikukwera ku chiwerengero cha 93 pakati pa anthu omwe amapita ku nkhondo.

"Bryan, katswiri wodzipha yekha yemwe posachedwapa anasiya Air Force, akuti asilikali amapezeka mu catch-22. 'Timaphunzitsa anthu ankhondo kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nkhanza ndi nkhanza, kuti athetse mavuto omwe akukumana nawo panthawi ya mavuto, kulekerera kukhumudwa kwa thupi ndi kukhumudwa komanso kuthana ndi mantha ndi kuwonongeka,' adatero TIME. Ngakhale kuti pakufunika kumenya nkhondo, 'makhalidwe ameneŵa amachititsanso kuti pakhale ngozi yodzipha.' Mkhalidwe woterewu sungasokonezeke 'popanda kuthana ndi mphamvu zankhondo zankhondo yathu.' 'Amembala otumikila, amangoika, amatha kudzipha okha chifukwa cha maphunziro awo.' "

Chinthu chinanso chothandizira chingakhale kusowa kwa kumvetsa kulikonse komwe kuli nkhondo. Asilikali omwe ali pankhondo ngati nkhondo ku Afghanistan alibe chifukwa chabwino chokhulupirira zoopsa zomwe akukumana nazo ndikuchita zifukwa zabwino. Pamene nthumwi ya pulezidenti ku Afghanistan silingathe kufotokoza cholinga cha nkhondo kwa a senema, asilikali angadziwe bwanji? Ndipo munthu angakhale bwanji ndi kupha popanda kudziwa chomwe chinali?

Gawo: VETERANS SABWINO KWAMBIRI

Ndipotu, anthu ambiri akale omwe amapita ku nthawi zovuta samadzipha. Ndipotu, zida zankhondo ku United States - onse omwe "amachirikiza asilikali" alankhulidwe ndi olemera ndi amphamvu ngakhalebe - amakhala osakhala pogona. Asilikali sapanga chidwi chofanana pa kuthandiza ankhondo kukhala osamenyana kuti apange kusintha kwawo koyamba. Ndipo anthu samalimbikitsa ndi mtima wonse amkhondo kuti azikhulupirira kuti zochita zawo zinali zoyenera.

Ankhondo omenyana ndi nkhondo ku Vietnam adalandiridwa ndi kunyozedwa ndi kunyozedwa kwakukulu, komwe kunakhudza kwambiri maganizo awo. Ankhondo a nkhondo ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan akhala akulandiridwa kunyumba ndi funso lakuti "Kodi mukutanthauza kuti nkhondo ikupitilirabe?" Funso limeneli silikhoza kukhala lovulaza ngati kuuza wina kuti wapha, koma ndilo kutali kutsindika kufunika ndi kufunika kwa zomwe adachita.

Kunena zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kwa ankhondo akale a umoyo, ndi zina zonse zofanana, zomwe ndikufuna kuchita. Koma si zomwe ndikuchita m'buku lino. Ngati titha kupitirira nkhondo tidzakhalanso ndi chikhalidwe cha chifundo chachikulu chomwe chimapewa nkhanza, kubwezera, ndi chiwawa. Anthu makamaka omwe amayambitsa nkhondo ndi omwe ali pamwamba, omwe atchulidwa mu chaputala 6. Kuwombera milandu yawo kungalepheretse nkhondo mtsogolomu. Kuwombera zida zankhondo sikungalepheretse nkhondo. Koma uthenga umene ukufunika kuti ukhalepo pakati pathu sikutamanda ndi kuyamikira chifukwa cha zolakwa zomwe timapanga.

Yankho, ndikuganiza kuti sikutamanda kapena kuwalanga, koma kuti ndiwawonetsere kukoma mtima poyankhula choonadi choyenera kusiya kulemba zambiri. Ankhondo akale komanso osakhala achilendo amatha kukhala ndi ubwino wathanzi, umoyo wabwino, mwayi wophunzira, mwayi wogwira ntchito, kusamalira ana, maulendo, ntchito zowonjezereka, ndi ntchito yopuma pantchito ngati tasiya kuwononga chuma chathu chonse ku nkhondo. Kupereka zida zankhondo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za moyo wachimwemwe, wathanzi wathanzi mwinamwake sungamvetsetse vuto lililonse lomwe amamva akamva zotsutsana ndi nkhondo.

Matthis Chiroux ndi msirikali wa US amene anakana kutumiza ku Iraq. Akuti iye adali ku Germany ndipo adayanjana ndi anthu ambiri a ku Germany, ena mwa iwo anamuuza kuti dziko lake likuchita ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan chinali chiwawa. Chiroux akunena kuti izi zinamukhumudwitsa kwambiri, koma kuti iye amaganizira za izo ndipo anachitapo, ndipo mwina zakhala zikupulumutsa moyo wake. Iye tsopano akuthokoza, akunena, kwa a German ena olimba mtima omwe anali okonzeka kumukhumudwitsa. Pano ndikokhumudwitsa anthu!

Ndakumana ndi zigawenga zambiri za nkhondo pa Iraq ndi Afghanistan omwe adapeza chitonthozo ndi chitonthozo pokhala otsutsana ndi nkhondo zomwe amamenyana nazo, ndipo nthawi zina, kukhala otsutsa omwe amakana kukamenyana. Ankhondo akale, ngakhalenso asilikali ogwira ntchito, sayenera kukhala adani a anthu ofuna mtendere. Monga Captain Paul Chappell akunena m'buku lake lakuti The End of War, nthawi zonse mumakhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zotsutsana. Asilikali omwe amasangalala ndi kupha anthu osalungama ndi amtendere omwe amachitira mabala achifwamba amamtunda ali kutali kwambiri (kapena mwina pang'ono kuposa momwe amalingalira), koma ochita nawo nkhondo komanso otsutsana ali pafupi kwambiri amawalekanitsa iwo. Anthu ambiri a ku America, komanso ngakhale anthu ambiri amtendere, amagwira ntchito kwa opanga zida komanso ena ogulitsa zida za nkhondo.

Pamene asirikali amawona kuti n'kosavuta kupha patali ndi drones kapena pogwiritsa ntchito masensa otentha ndi masomphenya a usiku, kusewera masewera a masewero omwe safunikira kuona ozunzidwa, ndale omwe amawatumizira ku nkhondo ali ngakhale sitepe yina kuchotsedwa ndi kukhala ndi nthawi yosavuta kwambiri kupewa kupezeka kwa udindo. Tingazindikire bwanji zomwe zimachitika kuti mamembala ambiri a Nyumba ya Oyimilira ndi "otsutsa" ndi "otsutsa" za nkhondo koma akupitirizabe kuwapatsa ndalama? Ndipo tonsefe anthu amtundu wina sitinachotsedwanso.

Kwa nthawi yaitali asilikali akhala akusavuta kupha pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimafuna anthu oposa mmodzi kuti azigwiritse ntchito, kusokoneza udindo. Timaganiza chimodzimodzi. Pali anthu mamiliyoni mazana ambiri omwe sangakwanitse kuthetsa nkhondo izi, motero sindingathe kuimbidwa mlandu womwewo, molondola? Zing'onozing'ono zomwe ndingathe kuchita, ndikudzipangitsa kuti nditsutsane kwambiri ndikumenyana ndi anthu omwe nthawi zambiri analowa usilikali popanda zosankha zina zomwe ndinali nazo, ndikulemekeza kuposa onse amene amapeza kulimbika mtima ndi asilikali kuti agone zida zawo ndi kukana kuchita zomwe akuuzidwa, kapena kupeza nzeru kuti alankhule pambuyo pake podandaula za zomwe achita.

Gawo: MAFUNSO A ANTHU

Mabodza amene adauzidwa kuti ayambitse nkhondo akhala akuphatikizapo nkhani zochititsa chidwi, ndipo kuyambira pachiyambi cha cinema, nkhani za amphamvu zamphamvu zapezeka kumeneko. Komiti Yachidziwitso ya Anthu Idawonetsera mafilimu otalikitsa komanso kupereka maulendo a maminiti a 4 pamene mawindo anasinthidwa.

"Mu Osakhulupirira (1918), opangidwa ndi mgwirizano wa US Marine Corps, Phil wolemera ndi wamphamvu amaphunzira kuti 'kudzikuza kwapachikulire ndichabechabe' pamene akuyang'ana woyendetsa kufa kumenyana, amapeza chikhulupiriro atatha kuona chithunzi cha Khristu akuyendayenda kunkhondo, ndipo amayamba kukondana ndi mtsikana wokongola wa ku Belgium amene sathaŵa kugwiriridwa ndi apolisi wa ku Germany. "

Film ya DW Griffith ya 1915 Kubadwa kwa Mtundu wa Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe ndi Kumanganso kunathandiza kukhazikitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni kwa anthu akuda, koma mitima yake ya padziko lonse ku 1918, yopangidwa ndi thandizo la usilikali, inaphunzitsa anthu a ku America kuti nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inali pafupi kupulumutsira osalakwa Kuchokera kwa anthu oipa.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, Ofesi Yachidziŵitso cha Nkhondo inapereka mauthenga, anawerenganso malemba, ndipo adafunsa kuti zithunzi zosavomerezeka zidulidwe, kutenga malonda a filimu kuti akalimbikitse nkhondo. Asilikali anathandizanso Frank Capra kuti apange mafilimu asanu ndi awiri a nkhondo. Mchitidwewu, ndithudi, wapitirirabe mpaka lero ndi Hollywood blockbusters omwe nthawi zonse amapangidwa ndi thandizo la asilikali a US. Ankhondo m'mabuku awa akuwonetsedwa ngati amphamvu.

Pa nthawi yeniyeni nkhondo, asilikali amakonda kukamba nkhani zochititsa chidwi za ankhondo enieni. Palibe chabwino cholemba ntchito. Patapita milungu ingapo ku nkhondo ya Iraq, ma TV a ku United States, atauzidwa ndi asilikali ndi White House, anayamba kufotokoza nkhani ya Jessica Lynch yemwe anali msirikali, yemwe adamuona kuti adagwidwa pamsinkhu wotsutsana naye. ndiye kupulumutsidwa kwakukulu. Iye anali onse a heroine ndipo mtsikanayo akuvutika. Pentagon inanena kuti Lynch adaphera ndi zilonda zam'mimba, ndipo adamukwapula pa bedi lake ndikumufunsa mafunso. Lynch anakana nkhani yonse ndipo adadandaula kuti asilikali adamugwiritsa ntchito. Pa April 24, 2007, Lynch anachitira umboni pamaso pa Komiti Yanyumba Yoyang'anira ndi Kusintha Boma:

"[Nditangotengedwa kumene], nkhani zaulemerero zinkanenedwa. Kunyumba kwa kholo langa ku Wirt County kunali kuzunguliridwa ndi mauthenga onse kubwereza nkhani ya mtsikana wamng'ono Rambo kuchokera kumapiri omwe anapita kumenyana. Izo sizinali zoona. . . . Ndimasokonezekabe chifukwa chake anasankha kunama. "

Msilikali mmodzi wogwira ntchitoyo yemwe ankadziwa kuti nkhanizo ndi zabodza ndipo amene ankanena panthawi yomwe asilikali anali "kupanga filimu" anali Pat Tillman. Iye adali nyenyezi ya mpira wachinyamata ndipo adasiya kupereka ndalama zambiri kuti adziwe nawo nkhondo komanso kuti azikonda dziko lake kuti ateteze dzikoli ku zigawenga zoipa. Iye anali gulu lenileni lotchuka kwambiri mu asilikali a ku United States, ndipo Ann TV yamtundu wa televiziyo anamutcha kuti "woyambirira wa Chimereka - wokoma, woyera, ndi wamwamuna ngati mwamuna wachimerika yekha."

Kupatula kuti iye sanabwererenso kukhulupirira nkhani zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti awerenge, ndipo Ann Coulter anasiya kumutamanda. Pa September 25, 2005, San Francisco Chronicle inanena kuti Tillman adatsutsa nkhondo ya Iraq ndipo adakonza msonkhano ndi wolemba nkhondo wotchuka Noam Chomsky kuti akachitike kuchokera ku Afghanistan, zonse zomwe amayi a Tillman ndi Chomsky adatsimikizira pambuyo pake . Tillman sakanakhoza kutsimikizira izo chifukwa iye anafera ku Afghanistan mu 2004 kuchokera ku zipolopolo zitatu mpaka pamphumi pafupipafupi, zipolopolo zomwe zinawombera ndi American.

White House ndi asilikali adadziwa kuti Tillman wamwalira ndi otchedwa moto wamtendere, koma adawauza zabodza kuti adafa mkutsutsana. Akuluakulu a Arm Army adadziwa zoona koma adavomereza kupereka Tillman Silver Silver, Purple Heart, ndi chitukuko chotsatira, chifukwa cha kufa kwake kumenyana ndi mdani.

Nkhani zodabwitsa zomwe zimatsutsa lingaliro la ankhondo amphamvu zimanenedwa. Masewera a Karen Malpede Ulosi umasonyeza munthu wodzipha yekha nkhondo pa Iraq. Mafilimu ngati m'chigwa cha Ellah akuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa nkhondo kwa asilikari, ndipo amasonyeza kukhulupilira kwawo kuti zomwe adachita ndi zosiyana ndi zamphamvu. Malo Oyera amasonyeza msilikali akuzindikira pang'ono panthawi kuti Nkhondo ya Iraq inali yochokera pa mabodza.

Koma palibe chifukwa choyenera kutembenukira ku zongopeka kapena kupanga nkhani zosonyeza asilikali momwe alili. Zonse zomwe zimafunikira ndikuyankhula nawo. Ambiri, ndithudi, akuthandizabe nkhondo pambuyo pokhala mwa iwo. Zomwe zimathandizira maganizo onse a nkhondo ndi kunyada pa zomwe adachita, ngakhale atatsutsa za nkhondo yapadera yomwe idali mbali yawo. Koma ena amatsutsana kwambiri ndi nkhondo, akufotokozera zochitika zawo pofuna kuthetsa nthano. Anthu a zida zankhondo ku Iraq adasonkhana pafupi ndi Washington, DC, mwezi wa March 2008 pa chochitika chawo chotchedwa "Msilikali wa Winter." Iwo adayankhula mawu awa:

"Anayang'anitsitsa mkulu wa asilikali amene anatipatsa kuti tiwombere aliyense pamsewu akuwombera amayi awiri achikulire omwe anali kuyenda ndi kunyamula ndiwo zamasamba. Adawauza kuti mtsogoleriyo adamuuza kuti awombere akazi, ndipo atakana, mkuluyo adawombera. Choncho, anthu oyendetsa sitimayi atayamba kuwombera anthu m'magalimoto omwe palibe aliyense ankawaopseza, anali kutsatira chitsanzo cha mkulu wake. "- Anatero Jason Wayne Lemieux.

"Ndikukumbukira mayi wina akuyenda. Iye anali ndi thumba lalikulu, ndipo amawoneka ngati akupita kwa ife, kotero tinamuyambanso ndi Mark 19, yemwe ndi grenade yodzidzimutsa, ndipo pamene fumbi lidafika, tinazindikira kuti thumbalo linali lodzala zakudya. Iye anali kuyesera kutibweretsera ife chakudya ndipo ife tinamupukuta iye mzidutswa. . . .

"Chinanso chomwe tinalimbikitsidwa kuti tichite, pafupi ndi wink ndi phokoso, chinali kunyamula zida zonyamula pansi, kapena ulendo wanga wachitatu, ndikugwetsa mafosholo. Tinkanyamula zida kapena mafosholowa ndi ife chifukwa ngati titawombera msilikali mwachangu, tikhoza kuponyera zida zathu pamtambo ndikuwapangitsa kuti aziwoneka ngati opanduka. "- Anatero Jason Washburn.

"Ndikufuna ndikuyambe kukuwonetsani kanema ya Executive Officer wa Company Kilo. Tidalowa mu ola la maora awiri, ndipo tinakhalapo kwa nthawi ndithu, koma adakumbukirabe kuti akufunika kusiya makisi asanu ndi mazana asanu a kumpoto kwa Ramadi. - Jon Michael Turner

Vidiyoyi imasonyeza kuti apolisi akudandaula atagonjetsedwa ndi masisitere: "Ndikuganiza kuti ndangopha theka la anthu a kumpoto kwa Ramadi!"

"Pa April 18, 2006, ndakhala ndikuphedwa koyamba. Iye anali munthu wosalakwa. Sindikudziwa dzina lake. Ine ndimamutcha iye 'Munthu Wamafuta.' Pazochitikazo, anabwerera kunyumba kwake, ndipo ndinamuwombera pamaso pa bwenzi lake ndi bambo ake. Ulendo woyamba sunamuphe ine nditamumenya m'khosi. Kenako, anayamba kufuula ndikuyang'ana m'maso mwanga. Ine ndinayang'ana pa bwenzi langa ine ndinali pa post, ndipo ine ndinati, 'Chabwino, ine sindingalole izo kuti zichitike.' Ine ndinatenga kuwombera kwina ndikupita naye kunja. Onse a m'banja lake adamunyamula. Zinatenga 7 Iraqi kuti anyamule thupi lake.

"Tonse tinayamikiridwa titatha kupha, ndipo izi zakhala zanga. Mtsogoleri wanga wamakampani anandiyamikira. Uyu ndi munthu yemweyo yemwe ananena kuti aliyense amene amayamba kumupha mwa kuwapha iwo angapite patsiku la masiku anayi pamene tibwerera kuchokera ku Iraq. . . .

"Ndikupepesa chifukwa cha chidani ndi chiwonongeko chomwe ndapereka kwa anthu osalakwa. . . . Sindilinso chilombo chimene poyamba ndinali. "- Anatero Jon Michael Turner

Panali nkhani zambiri zonga izi, ndipo zomwe zimawoneka ngati zaphokoso ndikunena kwa iwo, osati zomwe anena. Sitimakonda kumva zomwe asirikali amaganiza. Momwe anthu ambiri amanyalanyazidwa ku Washington, DC, asirikali amanyalanyazidwa kwambiri. Kawirikawiri timawonanso kafukufuku wazomwe asitikali amakhulupirira. Koma mu 2006, pomwe apurezidenti ndi mamembala a congress amalankhula zomenyera nkhondo "ya asitikali" kafukufuku adapeza kuti 72 peresenti ya asitikali aku US ku Iraq akufuna kuti nkhondo ithe kumapeto kwa 2007. Peresenti yochulukirapo, 85%, amakhulupirira zabodza kuti nkhondoyi inali "Kubwezera zomwe Saddam adachita pakuwukira kwa 9-11." Zachidziwikire kuti Saddam Hussein sanachite nawo ziwopsezozi. Ndipo 77% amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha nkhondoyi "kuletsa Saddam kuteteza al Qaeda ku Iraq." Zachidziwikire kuti kunalibe al Qaeda ku Iraq mpaka nkhondo itayamba. Asitikaliwo amakhulupirira kuti nkhondoyi yagona, ndipo amafuna kuti nkhondo ithe. Koma ambiri aiwo sanaike zida zawo pansi.

Kodi kutenga nawo mbali mu nkhondo yowawa kumapititsa chifukwa iwo anamizidwa? Inde, izi zimapereka chilango choposa kwambiri pa opanga chisankho chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi mlandu. Koma chofunika kwambiri kuposa kuyankha funso limenelo, ndikuganiza, likuletsa mabodza amtsogolo kwa anthu omwe angadzakhale amphamvu m'tsogolomu. Pachifukwa chimenecho kuti choonadi chokhudza nkhondo yapitayi chiyenera kutulutsidwa. Choonadi ndi ichi: nkhondo siinakhalepo ndipo siingakhale ntchito. Sizochita zamatsenga. Ndizochititsa manyazi. Mbali yodziwa mfundo izi idzaphatikizapo kuchotsa aura wachangu kwa asilikari. Olemba ndale atasiya kunamizira kuti adamenya nkhondo - ntchito yozolowereka, ndipo wina wothandizira masewera anagwidwa ku 2010 - nayamba kuyamba kunamizira kuti sangachite zimenezi, tidzadziwa kuti tikupita patsogolo.

Chizindikiro china cha kupita patsogolo chikuwoneka ngati ichi:

"Pa July 30, [2010], asilikali pafupifupi 30 odzimvera, asilikali, asilikali, ndi othandizira anagwira msonkhano kunja kwa zipata za Fort Hood [omwe asilikali omwe akudwala kale PTSD abwereranso ku nkhondo] ndi banner lalikulu anawatsogolera kwa Colonel Allen, mkulu wa 3rd ACR [Armored Cavalry Regiment], yomwe imati 'Col. Allen. . . Musatumize Asilikali Ovulala! ' Owonetseranso maofesiwa ankanyamula mapepala omwe amaŵerenga kuti:

Uzani mkuwa: Bambani bulu wanga!

ndi

'Amanama, timamwalira!'

"Chiwonetserocho chinali pakhomo lalikulu kwambiri, choncho zikwi zambiri za GI yogwira ntchito ndi mabanja awo zidaperekedwa ndi chiwonetserochi. Ambiri adagwirizananso atatha kuona chiwonetserochi. Apolisi a ku Fort Hood anatumiza magalimoto ndi asilikali kuti aziopseza owonetsa, powopa gulu lokula. "