Ndi David Swanson, Tiyeni Tiyesere Demokarase, July 21, 2021
A Senators Murphy, Lee, ndi Sanders akhazikitsa malamulo oti athane ndi mphamvu zankhondo zaku DRM komanso Purezidenti. (Onani ndalama zamakalata, cholengeza munkhani, pager imodzi, kanema wa msonkhano atolankhani, op-edndipo Politico nkhani).
M'miyezi yapitayi, tawona zoyesayesa zothetsera ma AUMF ena (Zilolezo Zogwiritsa Ntchito Gulu Lankhondo), kuphatikiza zokambirana za kupanga AUMF yatsopano (chifukwa ?!). Ndipo kwa zaka zambiri tawonapo anthu ngati Senator Kaine amalankhula zakubwezeretsa mphamvu zankhondo yaku DRM pomwe akukankha Malamulo ku kutulutsa iwo. Chifukwa chake, ndimaganiza kuti ndili ndi chifukwa chodera nkhawa.
Ndidamva zamalamulo atsopanowa asanawonekere kuchokera kwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa kuti sangathetse mphamvu yakukhazikitsa zilango zosaloledwa ndi zakupha kumayiko padziko lonse lapansi. Ndinaganiza kuti kumeneko ndi vuto lalikulu. Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zinali zomveka bwino, popeza biluyi siyikunena mawu amodzi ziletso. Koma ndinkangokhalira kuganizira zolimbikitsa kupititsa patsogolo ndalama zomwe palibe amene angandiwonetse kapena kundiuza zomwe zili mmenemo. Osatengera kwenikweni pakukonzekera ndalama zoyipa, mukudziwa?
Tsopano, kunena momveka bwino, biluyi sikubwera kwamtendere, ukhondo, komanso kuwononga zida. Sivomereza kuti nkhondo ndizosaloledwa pansi pa UN Charter, Kellogg-Briand Pact, ndi mapangano ena osiyanasiyana, ndipo akuweruzidwa ndi International Criminal Court. Limayankha bwino lomwe funso lomwe ndi boma liti lomwe lingavomereze zaumbanda waukulu kwambiri, mwanjira yomwe sangagwiritsidwepo ntchito, kunena, DRM Rape Powers kapena DRM Child Abuse Powers.
Komanso, palibe lamulo latsopano lomwe limafotokoza zakusagwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwe alipo. Pulogalamu ya Kusintha kwa Mphamvu Zankhondo mu 1973 sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa nkhondo iliyonse mpaka a Trump ali ku White House, pomwe nyumba zonse za Congress zidagwiritsa ntchito kuthetsa nawo nawo nkhondo yaku Yemen pomenya nkhondo ku Yemen, podziwa kuti atha kudalira veto ya a Trump. Trump atangochoka, Congress - kwa amuna ndi akazi onse omaliza - adanamizira kuti sanachitepo chilichonse ndipo anakana kuvutitsa Biden pomupangitsa kuti aphe kuphedwa kapena kubwezera ndalama. Malamulo amangothandiza monga momwe anthu amawagwiritsira ntchito.
Izi zikunenedwa, biluyi ikuwoneka kuti ndili ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa zoyipa. Ngakhale ikubwezeretsa War Powers Resolution ya 1973, imalowetsa m'malo mwake ndi mawonekedwe osinthidwa (osafafanizidwa) omwe mwanjira zina amakhala abwinoko kuposa choyambirira. Imachotsanso ma AUMF, kuphatikiza 2001 AUMF yomwe obwereza otanganidwa ndi AUMF miyezi yapitayi apewapo kuyitchula. Zimalimbikitsanso njira zomwe Congress ikadatha, ngati itasankha, osati kungomaliza nkhondo, koma kuletsa kugulitsa zida kapena kutha kwadzidzidzi.
Lamulo latsopanoli ndilotalikirapo, mwatsatanetsatane, komanso ndi matanthauzidwe omveka bwino kuposa momwe Mphamvu Zankhondo zilili. Izi zitha kupanga kusiyana kwakukulu pankhani yamatanthauzidwe a "udani." Ndikukumbukira loya wa a Obama a Harold Koh akudziwitsa Congress kuposa kuphulitsa bomba ku Libya sikungakhale ngati nkhanza. Kodi mabomba osagwirizana ndi chiyani? Chabwino, War Powers Resolution (ndipo izi zimafikira kumagawo ambiri amilandu yatsopano) amatchulidwa potengera magulu amkhondo. Kumvetsetsa konse kwa maboma aku US ndi makampani aku US kwazaka zambiri kwakhala kuti mutha kuphulitsa mainchesi amtundu uliwonse ola limodzi popanda nkhondo, koma gulu lankhondo laku US litangoyikidwa pachiwopsezo (cha china chake kupatula kudzipha kapena kulamula kugwiririra) ingakhale nkhondo. Chifukwa chake mutha "kumaliza" nkhondo yaku Afghanistan ndikuphatikizanso mapulani okuloza ndi zida mndime yomweyi. Koma bilu yatsopanoyi, ngakhale kuti silingalandire mphotho ya galamala yabwino, imafotokoza momveka bwino kuti "chidani" kuphatikiza nkhondo zakutali zoponyedwa ndi ma drones [akuwonjezera molimba mtima]:
"Mawu oti" nkhanza "amatanthauza chilichonse chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakupha kapena zowopsa ku United States (kapena, pazolinga za ndime 4 (B), mwa kapena motsutsana ndi magulu akunja wamba kapena osakhazikika), mosasamala kanthu komwe kuli, kaya mphamvuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutali, kapena kusamvana kwake. ”
Kumbali inayi, ndikuwona kuti bilu yatsopanoyi ikuyambitsa kufunikira kwa purezidenti kuti apemphe chilolezo kuchokera ku Congress akamayambitsa nkhondo, koma sanena zomwe zimachitika ngati Purezidenti sanapemphe izi. Lamulo lomwe lidakhazikitsidwa m'mbuyomu ndi a Congresswoman Gabbard kuti apangitse nkhondo za purezidenti zolakwa zomwe sizingachitike sizinasinthe pano.
Ndikuzindikiranso kuti bilu yatsopanoyi ikufunika kuti mgwirizanowu ugwirizane, popanda kuwonekera bwino kwa diso langa kuti munthu m'modzi mnyumba imodzi atha kuyambitsa nkhondo asanakhale ndi mnzake mnyumba ina momwemonso. Ngati membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo akadakakamizidwa kudikirira Senator asadachite, mavoti ambiri mnyumba yamalamulo pazaka zomwe agwiritsa ntchito War Powers Resolution sakanachitika.
Izi zikunenedwa, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe owerenga bilu amapereka ndizabwino kwambiri kwa onse:
Ndalamayi ikufupikitsa nthawi yothetsa nkhondo yosaloledwa kuyambira masiku 60 mpaka 20. [Koma bwanji za kupha kamodzi kosachita ma drone komwe sikumatenga masiku 20?]
Imangodula ndalama za nkhondo zosaloledwa.
It oamatanthauza zofunikira mtsogolo Zithunzi za AUMF, kuphatikiza zomveka bwino
zolinga ndi ntchito, kudziwika kwa magulu kapena mayiko omwe akhudzidwa, ndi awiri-chaka kulowa kwa dzuwa. Chilolezo chotsatira chikufunika kukulitsa mndandanda wazolinga, mayiko, kapena omwe akuwalowera magulu. Monga nkhondo zambiri zaku US sizinakhale ndi cholinga chodziwikiratu, pang'ono izi zitha kukhala zamphamvu kuposa momwe olemba ake amaganizira.
Koma zowonadi zonse zimadalira momwe Congress idasankhira kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo latsopanoli, ngati atapangidwa kukhala lamulo - lalikulu ngati.
LIPOTI:
Wogwira naye ntchito wochenjera akuwonetsa kufooka kwatsopano. Lamulo latsopanoli limatanthauzira mawu oti "kuyambitsa" kupatula nkhondo zingapo m'malo modalira mawu oti "chidani" kutero. Imachita izi potanthauzira "kuyambitsa" kupatula "kupatsa kapena kufotokoza kwa mamembala ankhondo aku United States kuti azilamula, kulangiza, kuthandiza, kutsagana, kuyang'anira, kapena kupereka zothandizira kapena zothandizira pazinthu zakuthupi kapena zophunzitsira kwa asitikali ankhondo wamba akunja kapena osasinthika" pokhapokha "Zochita za asitikali aku United States zimapangitsa kuti United States igwirizane kapena kuti sangachite izi." Silikutanthauza "phwando."
ZOCHITIKA 2:
Gawo lamalamulo okonzanso mwadzidzidzi limaphatikizaponso mphamvu pazilango. Lamulo loyambiriralo lidaphatikizaponso ziletso, kusiya mphamvu zopereka kwa purezidenti. Kupatula apo adachotsedwa mu bilu, kutsatira kukakamizidwa ndi owalimbikitsa. Chifukwa chake, biluyi yomwe idalembedwa tsopano ingapatse Congress mphamvu zowongolera ngati angasankhe kuigwiritsa ntchito - makamaka pokhudzana ndi "zadzidzidzi" zadziko zomwe pano zilipo 39.
Mayankho a 2
A Daniel Larison nawonso adanenapo za ndalamazo.
https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2021/07/21/bipartisan-bill-takes-a-bite-out-of-runaway-executive-war-powers/
Ndikufuna kulangiza asenema anga kuti atengere National Security Powers Act, koma pali zovuta ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, Zomwe zimayambitsa ndalama zokhudzana ndi kugulitsa zida zolembedwa patsamba 24, patsamba 1-13 zikuyenera kuchotsedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa kufika pamtengo wotsika kuti zitsimikizire kuti mapanganowo aperekedwa ku Congress.
Kachiwiri, mayiko otsatirawa sakhululukidwa pazovomerezeka: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), mayiko aliwonse omwe ali mgululi, Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Israel, New Zealand, kapena Taiwan.
Ndikumvetsetsa zakhululukidwa kwa NATO, South Korea, Japan, Australia ndi New Zealand, popeza US yakhala ikugwirizana kwanthawi yayitali ndi mayiko amenewo. Komabe, US ilibe mgwirizano ndi Israeli kapena Taiwan. Mpaka zosinthazi, ndimalimbikitsa mayiko awiriwa kuti achotsedwe pamsonkho.
Poyenda njira yolondola, kulowa kwa dzuwa kwa zaka ziwiri kuli koyenera kuti achitire nkhanza: Congress yomwe idagonjetsedwa pomenyera nkhondo itha, mu gawo la abakha olumala, ipereke chilolezo chomwe chingakhale kwa Congress yonse yomwe yangosankhidwa. Kungakhale bwino kuti zilolezo zonse kuti dzuwa lilowe pasanafike pa Epulo kutsatira mipando ya Congress.