Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, October 13, 2021
Ndangowerengapo zolemba zitatu zotopetsa koma zofunika kwambiri kuzungulira. Imodzi ndi Kusintha kwa Mphamvu Zankhondo mu 1973 zomwe mungathe kuzisindikiza pamasamba 6 ndipo ndizomwe zimatchedwa lamulo lomwe lilipo ngakhale kuti likuphwanyidwa mwachizolowezi monga momwe mpweya umapumira. Wina ndi lamulo lokonzanso mphamvu zankhondo lomwe lakhala likuchitika kukhazikitsidwa mu Senate ndipo zikuwoneka kuti sizipita kulikonse (ndi masamba 47), ndipo lachitatu liri lamulo lokonzanso mphamvu zankhondo mu Nyumbayi (masamba 73) zomwe zikuwoneka kuti sizipita kulikonse.
Tiyenera kuyika pambali zovuta zingapo zazikulu, kupitirira zomwe sizingatheke kuti "utsogoleri" wa Congressional alole kuti ndalama zoterezi zidutse, tisanatengere zinthu izi mozama.
Choyamba, tiyenera kunyalanyaza / kuphwanya mopanda nzeru Msonkhano wa Hague wa 1907, ndi Kellogg-Briand Chigwirizano cha 1928 (yachidule komanso yomveka bwino kuti mulembe m'manja mwanu kapena kuloweza), the United Nations Charter ya 1945, ndi Pangano la North Atlantic la 1949, ndipo kumadera ambiri a dziko lapansi Chilamulo cha Roma cha International Criminal Court. Ndiko kuti, tiyenera kunamizira kuti kusankha amene ayenera kuchita nkhondo ndi ntchito yovomerezeka komanso yovomerezeka kusiyana ndi kusankha yemwe ayenera kuchita upandu wina uliwonse.
Chachiwiri, tiyenera kuika patsogolo kuwongolera malamulo omwe alipo kale kuposa kupeza wina woti agwiritse ntchito. The War Powers Resolution yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1973. Yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'lingaliro lakuti mamembala a Nyumba payekha atha, pansi pake, kukakamiza mikangano ndi (kulephera) mavoti kuthetsa nkhondo. Izi mwina nthawi zingapo zathandizira kuti nkhondo zithe ndi bungwe lomwe mamembala ambiri a Congress akufuna kukhala ndi mphamvu zonse zankhondo, yomwe ndi White House. Congress yapafupi kwambiri yafika pothetsa nkhondo kudzera mu Nkhondo Yamphamvu Yankhondo ndi pomwe idavota mobwerezabwereza m'nyumba zonse ziwiri kuti athetse kutenga nawo gawo kwa US ku Nkhondo ya Yemen - yomwe ingadalire veto kuchokera kwa Purezidenti wa nthawiyo a Donald Trump. Joe Biden atakhala purezidenti, Congress idasiya izi. Bungwe la Congress lomwe siligwiritsa ntchito lamulo lomwe lidalipo lingayembekezere kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo latsopano mpaka momwe lamuloli lidakakamiza. Bungwe la Congress lomwe m'zaka zaposachedwa lapangitsanso kuzunza anthu nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe ndingawerengere, pamitu yambiri, lafotokozera momveka bwino kuti amakonda kupanga malamulo atsopano, ngakhale osafunikira, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito omwe alipo.
ZOMWE ABULULI A SENATE NDI A NYUMBA AKUFANANA
Kuyika pambali izi, mabilu a Senate ndi Nyumba kuti asinthe Chigamulo cha Nkhondo Yankhondo ali ndi zokwera komanso zotsika. Lamulo la Senate likanachotsa lamulo lomwe lidalipo ndikusintha ndi lina komanso lalitali. Bilu ya Nyumbayo ingasinthe ndikusinthanso Resolution ya Nkhondo Yankhondo yomwe ilipo, m'malo moisintha, koma m'malo ambiri, ndikuwonjezerapo zambiri. Mabilu awiriwa akuwoneka kuti ali ndi zinthu izi zofanana:
PASI
Iwo akanathetsa kuthekera kwa membala kapena gulu la mamembala a nyumba imodzi kukakamiza mkangano ndi kuvota. Palibe mkangano ndi mavoti omwe mamembala a Nyumbayi adakakamiza m'mbuyomu zikanatheka pansi pa lamuloli popanda Senator kubweretsa lingaliro lomwelo.
ZOKHUDZA
Mabilu onsewa angatanthauze mawu achinyengo oti "nkhondo" m'malamulo apano kuti aphatikizepo "kukakamiza kutumizidwa kutali" kotero kuti maloya a White House asiya kunena kuti maiko omwe amaphulitsa mabomba sinkhondo kapena ndewu bola ngati asitikali aku US sanali pankhondo. pansi pamenepo. Izi zikadakhala lamulo pakali pano, nkhondo ya Afghanistan "sikanatha"nso.
Mabilu onsewa afupikitsa nthawi yothetsa nkhondo zosaloleka kuchokera masiku 60 mpaka 20.
Zitha zokha (kutanthauza kuti izi zitha kugwira ntchito ngakhale ndi Congress yopanda pake yamtundu womwe takhala nawo kwazaka zopitilira 200) kudula ndalama zankhondo zosaloledwa. Chifukwa izi zikanachitika popanda Congress kuchita chilichonse, zitha - mwamalingaliro - kukhala kusintha kofunikira kwambiri pamabilu awa. Koma ngati Congress ikakana kutsutsa kapena ngakhale (njira yomwe ingakonde) idzazengereze pulezidenti kukhothi, sizingakhale kanthu kulengeza ndalama zosaloledwa zankhondo zomwe sizinaloledwe.
Mabiluwa angapangitse zofunikira pazovomerezeka zamtsogolo zankhondo, monga ntchito yodziwika bwino, kudziwika kwa magulu kapena mayiko omwe akuwukiridwa, ndi zina.
Adzalimbikitsanso mphamvu zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kuwongolera kugulitsa zida kwa maboma ankhanza akunja ndikuthetsa ndi kuchepetsa zidziwitso zadzidzidzi zapurezidenti.
SENATE BILA
ZOWONJEZERA PASI
Mosiyana ndi lamulo la Nyumba, lamulo la Senate lipatsa apurezidenti mphamvu zosagwirizana ndi malamulo oyendetsera dzikolo kuti achite upandu wogwiritsa ntchito asitikali aku US mogwirizana ndi mayiko ena bola ngati izi sizinapangitse United States kukhala chipani (mawu omwe samatanthauzira) nkhondo. Izi zingatenge nkhondo imodzi yomwe Congress idatsala pang'ono kuchitapo pansi pa War Powers Resolution (Yemen), ndikuchotsa kuthekera kochitapo kanthu.
ZOWONJEZERA ZABWINO
Mosiyana ndi lamulo la Nyumba, lamulo la Senate lidzachotsa ma AUMF onse omwe alipo.
NDALAMA YA NYUMBA
ZOWONJEZERA PASI
Mosiyana ndi lamulo la Senate, lamulo la Nyumbayi likanasokonezanso lingaliro lakuti kutsutsa ndi njira yoyenera yothetsera zolakwa zazikulu za anthu omwe ali ndi maudindo apamwamba polemba m'malamulo ufulu wa Congress kuti akasumire kukhoti wophwanya lamulo la Congress pa nkhondo inayake. .
ZOWONJEZERA ZONSE
Mosiyana ndi lamulo la Senate, lamulo la Nyumbayi likanaletsa nkhondo zomwe zili ndi "chiwopsezo chachikulu" chophwanya "Lamulo la Armed Conflict, lamulo lachiyanjano chapadziko lonse lapansi, kapena mgwirizano wa United States," womwe ungawoneke ngati mulingo womwe ungachitike. aletsa nkhondo iliyonse yaku US m'zaka zana zapitazi ngati atatengedwa mozama.
Ngakhale mabilu onsewa ali ndi magawo okhudzana ndi zida zankhondo, Bili ya Nyumbayi ndiyowopsa kuposa Senate. Lamulo la Nyumbayi likuletsa kutumiza zida ndi maphunziro ("zolemba zachitetezo ndi ntchito zachitetezo") kumayiko omwe "amachita kupha anthu kapena kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi othandiza anthu." Chinthuchi chingathandize kwambiri dziko lapansi ndipo chidzawonongera anthu ena ndalama zambiri zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti biluyo sidzavotera.
Ngakhale mabilu onsewa ali ndi magawo olengeza zadzidzidzi, Bilu ya Nyumbayi imaletsa zadzidzidzi mpaka kalekale, ndikuthetsa "zadzidzidzi" zomwe zilipo.
POMALIZA
Sindikonda kutsika kwamakalata awa. Ndikuganiza kuti ndizowopsa, zamanyazi, komanso zosamveka. Koma ndikuganiza kuti apitilira kupitilira apo, ngakhale mu Bill ya Senate, ngakhale Nyumbayi ili yabwinoko. Komabe, chopambana koposa zonse ndi chakuti Congress igwiritse ntchito chilichonse mwazinthuzi, kaya ndi imodzi mwama bilu atsopano kapena malamulo monga zilili masiku ano.
