Ndi David Swanson ndi Pat Elder, World Beyond War
Mphamvu ya Pentagon pamtsinje womwe ikukhalamo sikuti imangowonjezera kutentha kwa dziko lapansi komanso nyanja zomwe zikukwera chifukwa cha mafuta omwe asitikali aku US amagwiritsa ntchito. Asitikali aku US amathanso kuwononga mwachindunji Mtsinje wa Potomac m'njira zambiri kuposa momwe aliyense angaganizire.
Tiyeni titenge sitimayo kupita ku Potomac kuchokera komwe imachokera kumapiri a West Virginia kupita pakamwa pake pa Chesapeake Bay. Ulendo wopita kumtsinje waukuluwu umalongosola malo asanu ndi limodzi a EPA Superfund opangidwa ndi Pentagon osasamala za zachilengedwe zosalimba za mtsinje wa Potomac.
Madzi a Navy a US Allegany Ballistics Laboratory ku Rocket Center, West Virginia, 130 makilomita kumpoto kwa Washington, ndizowopseza kwambiri mumtsinje wa Potomac. Malo omwe amatayidwa ndi zitsulo zosungunuka ndi madontho osungunuka amavuta nthaka ndi nthaka pansi ndi mankhwala owopsa. Madzi apansi ndi nthaka pamtsinjewu amatsuka ndi mabomba, dioxin, mankhwala osakanikirana, mavitamini, ma laboratory ndi mafakitale ogulitsa mafakitale, pansi sludge kuchokera ku zowonongeka, kusungunula zitsulo, kupaka, ndi kupaka. Webusaitiyi imakhalanso ndi chikhomo cha beryllium. Malo otentha omwe akugwiritsidwabe ntchito akugwiritsabe ntchito kutaya zinyalala, kufalitsa fumbi la mankhwala pamtsinje. Si zabwino.
Kuyenda mumtsinje wa 90 maulendo kumwera kumatibweretsera Fort Detrick ku Frederick, Maryland, "asilikali" omwe amachititsa asilikali kuti azitha kumenya nkhondo. Anthrax, Phosgene, ndi carbonactive carbon, sulfuri, ndi phosphorous akuikidwa pano. Madzi a pansi pano amatha kuwonongeka ndi trichlorethylene yakupha, khansa ya munthu, ndi tetrachloroethene, akuganiza kuti amachititsa zotupa m'matumba a laboratory. Asilikaliwa adayesa zonyansa ndi zonyansa pano, monga Bacillus globigii, Serratia marcescens, ndi Escherichia coli. Ngakhale kuti DOD imasiya kuyesa zida zowononga zida zowononga mu 1971, chidziwitsochi chiri ngati malo omwe asilikali akumenyana nawo poyendetsa pafupi ndi malire a adani.
Fort Detrick imakhalanso ndi mbiri ya kutaya phosphorous yapamwamba m'dothi lake lomwe limatha kutsuka mumtsinje wotchedwa Monocacy River, womwe umakhala ndi mphukira ya Potomac. Ndipotu, Dipatimenti ya Malamulo ya Mazingira ku Maryland yanena za asilikali kuti zikhale zovomerezeka kwambiri. Phosphorous kwambiri m'madzi imachititsa kuti algae kukula mofulumira kuposa momwe zamoyo zimayendera. Ndi chakupha. Asilikali ndiwo amachititsa kuti anthu asokoneze mtsinje wa Potomac.
Mtsinje wa 40 womwe uli pansi pa mtsinje wa Fort Detrick uli Washington Spring Valley oyandikana nawo komanso sukulu ya American University. Dera limeneli linagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ankhondo pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lapansi kuti ayese Lewisite, mpweya woopsa wopangidwa ndi arsenic. Asilikali ankamangirira zinyama ndi kuika mabomba amachimake kuti aone momwe nyamazo zinayambira mwamsanga. Maderawa anali odzaza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo asilikali adayika m'matumba otsala atayesedwa. Perchlorate ndi Arsenic zili pansi pamadzi lerolino. Mitsuko ya poizoni ya mankhwala ovundidwa ali ndi madzi oundana okhala pafupi ndi Dalecarlia Reservoir, pamtunda wa Potomac.
Makilomita asanu kumadzulo, a Washington Navy Yard ili pa Mtsinje wa Anacostia, pafupi ndi malo ake ndi Potomac. Ndi chimodzi mwa zida zowonongeka kwambiri zogulitsa nyumba. Navy Yard inali yosungirako zinyama zopangira ziphuphu, zipolopolo, ndi kuwombera. Nthaka pafupi ndi mtsinjewu umayipitsidwa ndi tetrachloride, cyanide, perchlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, kutsogolera, ndi zitsulo zolemera, acids, cleaners, caustics, iridite ndi alkaline, kutsogolera, chromium, cadmium, antimony, mabiphenyl (polychlorinated biphenyl) PCBs) ndi dioxins.
Pakati pa nyanja ya Maryland, 20 mailosi kuchokera ku Navy Yard, ife timabwera ku Mtsogoleri wa Indian Head Naval Warfare Center ku Charles County, ndi mbiri yake ya 100 ya kuwonongeka kwa zowonongeka ndi zoyaka moto. Nthawi zambiri malowa ankatulutsa zinyalala zamagetsi kuti zikhale ma septic, mazenera otseguka ndi mphepo yamkuntho yomwe imatulutsa mitsinje yamkati yomwe imadutsa mu Potomac. Madzi omwe ali pa malowa ali oipitsidwa ndi mercury.
Madzi a pansi pa nthaka amasonkhanitsidwa ku Mutu wa Indian omwe amapezeka m'madera pakati pa 1,600 ndi 436,000 ug / L. Polemba deta izi, Dipatimenti ya Maryland ya Mazingira inakhazikitsa mlangizi wa madzi akumwa a 1 ug / L. Perchlorate yathandizidwa ndi zotsatira zake zoipa pa chithokomiro.
Potsiriza, ife tikufika Naval Surface Warfare Center - Dahlgren, yomwe ili pamtunda wina wa 20 kum'mwera kwa Indian Head, pamtsinje wa Potomac ku King George County, Virginia. Kutaya kosakanikirana kwa mankhwala opanga mankhwala kumadetsa nthaka, pansi, ndi pansi. Mpaka lero, Dahlgren amatsegula zowonongeka koopsa, akuwaza ufa wa poizoni pamwamba pa Potomac, Nyerere ya kumpoto ya Virginia, ndi Southern Maryland. A phunziro za njira zowonjezera zowonongeka ku Dahlgren, amalemba mndandanda wa ndalama zowonongeka ngati "$ 0." Malingana ndi EPA, akuluakulu a DOD alibe chifukwa chokakamizira kusintha momwe adachitira 70 zaka. Tsegulani zotentha ndi zowonongeka ndizo zotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa iwo. "
Ku Dahlgren, mercury imatayidwa imakhala yosakanikirana ndi dothi ku Gambo Creek, yomwe imalowetsa mu Potomac. Kuikidwa m'manda oipitsidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera kwambiri ndi polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ndizophwanya dziko lapansi pamtunda waukulu wa Potomac. Ma PCB, Trichloroethane, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo osiyanasiyana omwe amasakanizidwa ndi kutayira kutsogolo kuchokera kumayendedwe a kuwombera komanso uranium yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mtundu wa zida za nyukiliya wotchedwa bunker buster.
Mu 1608 John Smith anali woyamba ku Europe kufufuza madzi a Potomac kuchokera ku Chesapeake Bay kupita ku Washington. Pofotokoza za mtsinjewo ndi Chesapeake, a Smith adalemba, "Kumwamba ndi Dziko lapansi sizinagwirizanepo bwino kuti apange malo oti anthu azikhalapo." Ndiwowoneka bwino, koma zaka 400 pambuyo pake, madzi ndi dothi adayikidwa poyizoni. Malo a EPA Superfund omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa posachedwa alandila chidwi chocheperako kuposa momwe amafunira chifukwa dongosolo la Purezidenti Trump la 2018 likufuna kudula pulogalamu yoyeretsa ya Superfund pafupifupi kotala.
EPA yapeza ziphe izi m'madzi a mtsinje wa Potomac, zonsezi chifukwa cha ntchito zamasewera: Acetone, Alkaline, Arsenic, Anthrax, Antimony, Bacillus Globigii, Beryllium, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate, Cadmium, kaboni Tetrachloride, Chromium, Cyanide, Cyclonite, Uranium yatha, Dichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, Dinitrotoluene, Dioxins, Escherichia Coli, Iridite, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Nitroglycerin, Perchlorate, Perchlorethylene, Phosgene, Phosphorous, Biphenyls Polychlorinated (PCBs), Polyomatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) ), Dothi lopaka mavitamini, sulfure, Serratia Marcescens, Tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethane, Tetrachlorethylene, Toluene, Trans-Dichloroethylene, Trichloroethene, Trichlororethylene, Trinitrobenzene, Trinitrotoluene, Vinyl Chloride, Xlene, ndi Zinc.
Potomac ali kutali kwambiri. Makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu ndi anayi pa zana a US Superfund malo osokoneza zachilengedwe ndi chifukwa cha kukonzekera nkhondo.
Kukonzekera nkhondo kumapindulitsa pa nthawi 10 ndalama zomwe kwenikweni nkhondo zimachita, ndipo zimachititsa osachepera 10 nthawi za imfa. Kukonzekera nthawi zonse nkhondo za nkhondo za US zimapangitsa anthu kufa ndi kusokoneza chuma kuchokera ku zosowa zaumunthu komanso mwachindunji mwa kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi kuphatikizapo ku United States, komanso ku Potomac.
Zomwe zimatchedwa kutengako kunja kwa nkhondo zapachiŵeniŵeni kuzungulira dziko lapansi, malingana ndi zonse kafukufuku, Nthawi zambiri za 100 - osati kumene kuli kuzunzika, osati kumene kuli nkhanza, osati kumene kuli koopsa kwa dziko lapansi, koma kumene dzikoli likulimbana ndi mafuta akuluakulu kapena munthu wothandizira amafunika kwambiri mafuta.
Msilikali wa ku US ndiye wogulitsa pamwamba pa mafuta ozungulira, akuwotcha kuposa dziko lonse lapansi, ndikuwotcha zambiri mwa kukonzekera nkhondo zambiri. Pali ndege zamagulu zomwe zingayambitse kupweteka ndi jet mafuta mu maminiti a 10 kuposa momwe mungathe ndi mafuta akuyendetsa galimoto yanu kwa chaka.
Zowerengera zonsezi zimasiyanitsa chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe cha opanga zida zapadera ndi zida zawo. US akutsogolera zida za nkhondo kudziko lonse lapansi.
Kuwerengetsa konseku kumachotsanso kuwonongeka kambiri komanso tsatanetsatane wa mavuto amunthu. Asitikali aku US amawotcha zinyalala poyizoni poyera, pafupi ndi asitikali ake m'malo ngati Iraq, pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu omwe akukhala m'maiko omwe adalowamo, komanso ku United States m'malo ambiri - nthawi zambiri osauka ndi ochepa - madera monga Colfax, Louisiana, ndi Dahlgren pa Potomac.
Zambiri zowonongeka ndizokhalitsa, monga poizoni wa uranium, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo monga Syria ndi Iraq. Koma izi ziri zoona kumadera onse kuzungulira United States. Pafupi ndi St. Louis, Missouri, mobisa moto ikuyandikira pafupi ku mulu wachinsinsi wa zinyalala zakuda.
Ndiyeno pali Mtsinje wa Potomac. Zimayenda kumwera pakati pa Lincoln ndi Jefferson Memorials ku Washington, DC kummawa, ndi Arlington, Virginia, kumadzulo, kumene Pentagon Lagoon imabweretsa madzi ku likulu la nkhondo ya padziko lonse.
Sikuti nyumba yopanga nkhondo imangokhala pafupi ndi madzi omwe akukwera - kuwuka koyambirira makamaka chifukwa cha zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga nkhondo, koma madzi amenewo - madzi a Potomac ndi a Chesapeake Bay momwe amalowera, komanso mafunde ake kukweza ndi kutsitsa madzi a Pentagon Lagoon tsiku lililonse - aipitsidwa kwambiri ndi kukonzekera nkhondo.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chake tikukonzekera ndikukuitanani kuti mulowe mu katswiri flotilla ku Pentagon pa September 16th. Tifunika kubweretsa zofunikira za Mafuta Osaonjezereka a Nkhondo ku khomo lotsogolera wathu wowononga chilengedwe.
