Ndi David Swanson, February 25, 2019
Ndalemba pamaso za pseudo-sayansi ya genetics, yomwe ili yowopsya monga kumvetsetsa kotchuka kwa izo. Chikhalidwe chathu chakhala chikusonyeza kuti Oliver Twist akhoza kukula pakati pa malowa chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake. Koma m'nthaŵi imene sayansi yamakono mu mafilimu otchuka ndi ma geneticist, zinthu zapeza nutti.
Buku ndi kanema yotchedwa Mkazi Wosaka Nthawi limapereka chithunzi chophweka cha momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira za majini. Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi "chilema" chomwe chimamupangitsa kuti azipita kumbuyo kapena kupita patsogolo zaka zina kapena miyezi. Pamene amadziwa zochitika zam'mbuyo, monga nambala yopambana loloti, amatha kuwina lottery. Koma pamene zochitikazo ziri. . . chabwino, chilichonse chosiyana ndi loti, sangathe kusintha. Ngati amadziwa kuti amayi ake amwalira mu ngozi ya galimoto, sangathe kumuuza kuti asalowe m'galimoto. Pamene akudziwa kuti adzawomberedwa, sangathe.
Tsopano, izi sizimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowonjezereka kusiyana ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo nthawi-ulendo wopeka (monga: chomwe chinasinthidwa ndi winawake kuti asapambane lottery?). Izi zikutanthauza kuti sitikufotokozera chifukwa chake sangathenso kuthamanga kapena kutenga amayi ake nthawi yayitali, kapena zomwe zingachitike ngati ayesa. Timangodziwa kuti palibe chimene chingasinthe. Chilichonse chimatsogoleredwa ngakhale chidziwitso, ndipo chimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi majini - zomwe zimangokhala ndi matsenga a lottery.
Chibadwa ndi gwero losayembekezereka la mphamvu zoterezi. Zina 90% za majini anu ali ofanana ndi majini mu mbewa. Pa zana la 99.9 ya majini anu ndi ofanana ndi majini anga. Choncho, tilibe zochepa kwambiri kuti ife kapena majini athu azitsutsana ndi kubereka, ndipo zimakhala zomveka kunena kuti kukoma mtima kwa mbewa kumayendetsedwa ndi kudzikonda-jeni la Darwin monga momwe zimakhalira kuti chizoloŵezi cha kugonana ndi anthu. Komanso, thupi lanu liri ndi majini ambirimbiri a 10 miliyoni omwe sali anthu konse monga momwe aliri; Awa ndiwo majeremusi ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala mumatumbo anu ndi kwina kulikonse - ndipo amakhudza umunthu wanu; kotero epigenetic amasintha kwa majini anu m'mibadwo yakale ndi yanu. Momwemonso amadya chakudya cha amayi anu, ndi zomwe munakumana nazo musanakwane, komanso mudakali ana, kuphatikizapo zakudya zanu komanso zowonongeka kwanu.
Ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwankhanza kwa mwana kungakhale ndi zotsatira pa makhalidwe akuluakulu akale, nkhaniyi inalembedwa m'buku la Darcia Narvaez Neurobiology ndi Kukula kwa Makhalidwe Abwino: Chisinthiko, Chikhalidwe, ndi Nzeru, ndiko kulera ana wamba mu chikhalidwe chakumadzulo kumapangitsa anthu akuluakulu kukhala ndi zolephera za makhalidwe omwe makamaka kubereka ana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono asaka-asukulu safuna. Timayembekezera kuti ana azivutika maganizo, makanda akulira kwambiri, ana aang'ono kuti azikhala ngati "zowawa ziwiri," ndi achinyamata kuti adzike mumsokonezo. Timalengeza zinthu zoterezi "zachilendo," ngakhale kuti zimatsutsana ndi Narvaez, sizili zachilendo ku zikhalidwe zazing'ono zomwe zimayambitsa zamoyo zambiri.
Narvaez amadaliranso zinthu zambiri osati majini ndi khalidwe la anthu amitundu ina omwe amawona kuti azungu akukhala mwamtendere mosavuta: a Ifaluk a ku Micronesia omwe adawopsya, akuwopsya, ndipo akudwala ndi Hollywood kuwonetsera kupha ana a US kawirikawiri ndawona nthawi zambiri; Semai wa ku Malaysia omwe amafotokoza kuti alibe chiwawa kwa otsutsa powauza kuti owonongawo akanapweteka.
Kodi ubwana wamtundu wanji umathandizira chikhalidwe cha mtendere? Kupereka zochitika zochepa chabe: kukhala ndi zozizwitsa zowonjezereka, kusonkhana nthawi zonse, kukhalapo nthawi zonse ndi kukhudzidwa, kuyamwa kudzera mu msinkhu wa 4, okalamba akuluakulu ambiri, chithandizo cholimbikitsa chithandizo, komanso kusewera kwaulere m'chilengedwe ndi ochita masewera ambiri.
Narvaez akunena kuti akulu akhoza kusintha, ndipo mwina amavomereza kuti ambiri a ife tiyenera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, tikhoza kusintha, osati machitidwe athu okulera ana. Koma chikhalidwe chomwe tachilenga tsopano, kupyolera mu chiwawa choopsa cha zaka zambiri za mantha ndi kuvutika kosalekeza, zachititsa anthu ochulukirapo omwe ali ndi chidwi chachikulu chodziwika bwino, chotetezeka, mkwiyo waukulu, mantha oopsa kwambiri, chilakolako chachikulu cholamulira. Makhalidwe amenewa sali "umunthu" ndi tanthawuzo lirilonse la mawu osatchulidwa, koma ndizo zomwe anthu amagulitsa nkhondo ku Venezuela monga chikondi kuti aziwona mwa omvera awo.
Bukhu la Narvaez ndi lolemera komanso lolimba komanso likuwoneka muzochitika zamtundu woposa mwana wakhanda, kuphatikizapo mphamvu ya nkhani zoganiziridwa kapena zowonongeka zomwe zimakhudza anthu kuona kuti ndi zoona. Zimakhudza ngati mabomba apanga dziko kukhala malo abwino m'mabwalo a kanema ngakhale ngati "zosangalatsa zokhazokha."
Bukuli likugwirizananso ndi chilankhulo cha sayansi ya ubongo, malo omwe sindikunena kuti ndilibe luso. Kwa iwo omwe amayamikira chilankhulo chimenecho, apa ndizo, kupanga chotsutsa motsutsa mphamvu za "majini" kapena "chirengedwe." Njira iyi imabwera mwachinyengo ndi sayansi inayake ya sayansi. Makhalidwe aumunthu omwe anawoneka kale, mwachitsanzo ndi Sigmund Freud, satchulidwa kuti adawonedwa koma m'malo mwake, "osagwiritsidwa ntchito." Ngati zidazindikiridwa mu ubongo zikanakhala "zikuwonedwa."
Ndipo komabe, kuthamanga kupyolera mu bukhu la Narvaez ndilo lingaliro losagwirizana ndi sayansi la "mphamvu" ndi "pachimake" ndi "chikhalidwe cha umunthu." Zotsatira za kupsinjika kosalekeza, timauzidwa, zingawoneke ngati zosayenerera khalidwe pomwe " . "Mfundo yomwe wolembayo amapanga pa ndimeyi ndi, ndithudi, kuti zonsezo. Koma zokhazokha zimakhala "zenizeni."
"Chibadwa cha munthu" ndi chifukwa choyambirira choyimira chochita chirichonse chochititsa manyazi. Sindinakhululukire kapena kuiwala kapena kuthandiza kapena kumvetsa kapena kutchera chipolopolo kapena kupulumutsa amayi anga ku ngozi ya galimoto chifukwa cha "chikhalidwe chaumunthu." Ndikuganiza kuti ndizoonongeka ngakhale wina ayesera kufotokoza kuti " zozoloŵera kapena zowoneka bwino kwambiri za osungira ang'onoang'ono osaka nyama. "Choyamba, pali kugwirizana kwa malingaliro awiri osiyana mu tanthauzo limenelo. Chinthu china, ndikutanthauzira kosayenera dzina latsopano, lachinsinsi. Palinso chinthu china, palibe umboni wakuti anthu akhala akufuna kukhalapo kapena kuti tifune kuti iwo akhale ofanana ndi wina ndi mzake. Ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, tikusowa makhalidwe abwino tsopano ndipo ndi atsopano (onani m'munsimu).
Tsopano, pali chitsutso chodziwikiratu pamalingaliro akuti nkhondo ili mchikhalidwe chathu chotchuka osati majini athu, kuti nkhondo nthawi zambiri sizitchuka. Mwina nkhondo ikusowa demokalase. Anthu aku Okinawa adangovotera malo ena ankhondo aku US. Koma palibe amene amasamala. Maziko akumangidwa mulimonsemo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mafotokozedwe onse ankhondo ndiowona. Popeza kusowa kwa demokalase, tikufunikira chikhalidwe chotsutsana kwambiri ndi nkhondo kuposa ichi.
Palinso kutsutsa komwe kumapangidwa ndi zochitika zaposachedwa ku lingaliro limene ndimapeza m'buku la Narvaez kuti munthu wabwino, wokoma mtima, wotetezeka, ndi wokondana ndi munthu wa makhalidwe abwino. Kukhala ndi makhalidwe pakalipano ndikuyenera kuchita zinthu zotsutsana ndi chiwonongeko cha nyengo ndi nkhondo. Kukhala china chirichonse, ziribe kanthu momwe iwe uliri china chirichonse, ndiko kukhala wachiwerewere. Makhalidwe athu achiwerewere adayambitsa chosowa cha makhalidwe atsopano. Ndi imodzi yomwe mibadwo yakale yambiri yaumunthu siinayang'anepo. Nzeru ndi chitsanzo chawo ndizofunikira, koma sizikwanira.
Malingaliro anga angasinthe kuchoka pa zochitika zina, monga Narvaez akufotokozera, koma sindidzipeza ndekha ndikuthandizira zothandizira mafuta kapena zida za nyukiliya. Ife tiri ndi chosowa chenicheni cha makhalidwe abwino (komanso odzichepetsa). Ndipo tikufunikira kuti zikhale zofanana ndi dziko lonse lapansi ngati tikukhala ndi dziko lokhalamo.
