M'zaka za m'ma 1920 ndi 1930, aliyense amene anali aliyense amayesa kudziwa momwe angathetsere nkhondo. Pamodzi, nditha kunena kuti ali ndi magawo atatu a njira yankho. Koma kuyambira 1945 mpaka 2014, adanyalanyazidwa ngati kuli kotheka (nthawi zambiri), amasekedwa pakufunika, komanso nthawi zosowa kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira: kuzunzidwa.
Gulu la zitsiru zomwe otsogola otsogola onse ayenera kuti anali. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse idachitika. Chifukwa chake, nkhondo ndi yamuyaya. Aliyense amadziwa zimenezo.
Koma ochotsa ukapolo adapitilizabe ngakhale ukapolo ukuchitika chaka china, komanso chaka china. Amayi adafunafuna ufulu wovota pazisankho zotsatira zikutsatira aliyense yemwe adaletsedwa. Mosakayikira nkhondo ndi yovuta kuthana nayo, chifukwa maboma amati maboma ena onse (ndi ena onse opanga nkhondo) ayenera kupita koyamba kapena kuchita nthawi imodzi. Kuthekera kwa wina kuyambitsa nkhondo, kuphatikiza lingaliro labodza loti nkhondo ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera pankhondo, imapanga njira yomwe ikuwoneka ngati yosatha pomwe dziko lapansi silingachokere.
koma zovuta ndi osokonezeka mosavuta zosatheka. Nkhondo iyenera kuthetsedwa kudzera mchitidwe wosamala komanso pang'onopang'ono; Zidzafunika kuyeretsa ziphuphu za boma ndi opindula pankhondo; zidzabweretsa dziko losiyana kwambiri munjira iliyonse: pachuma, pachikhalidwe, mwamakhalidwe. Koma nkhondo sidzathetsedweratu ngati kusinkhasinkha kwa obwezeretsawo atayikidwa ndikuwerenga.
Ingoganizirani ngati ana, atakalamba kwambiri a Winnie the Pooh ndipo tikulamba mokwanira kuti tiziwerenga zifukwa zazikulu, adauzidwa kuti AA Milne adalembanso buku mu 1933-1934 lotchedwa Mtendere Ndi Ulemu. Ndani safuna kudziwa zomwe wopanga Winnie the Pooh adaganiza za nkhondo ndi mtendere? Ndipo ndani sangasangalale kuzindikira kuti nthabwala zake ndi nthabwala zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mozama pamlanduwu pomaliza bizinesi yoopsa kwambiri kuti ikhale yovomerezeka pagulu laulemu?
Tsopano, Milne anali ngati wofalitsa nkhani zankhondo komanso msirikali pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, malingaliro ake mu 1934 aku Germany ngati osafunanso kuti nkhondo ikuwoneka (osayang'ana koyamba) modabwitsa, ndipo Milne adasiya kumenya nkhondo kuti asangalatse pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Chifukwa chake titha kukana nzeru zake ngati chinyengo, naiveté, komanso monga takanidwa ndi wolemba. Koma tikadakhala tikudzinyalanyaza tokha kuzindikira chifukwa wolembayo anali wopanda ungwiro, ndipo tikadakhala kuti tikupereka mpata woledzera pazomwe zanenedwa munthawi yodziletsa. Ngakhale katswiri wodziwa malungo a nkhondo amatha kumveka ngati munthu wina atangodwala matendawa.
In Mtendere ndi Ulemu, Milne akuwonetsa kuti wamvera zonena za omwe amalimbikitsa kumenya nkhondo ndikupeza kuti "ulemu" womwe amamenyera umakhala ulemu (kapena womwe umatchedwa kuti United States, "kudalirika"). Monga Milne ananenera:
“Fuko likalankhula za ulemu wake, zimatanthauza ulemu wake. Kutchuka kwa dziko lonse ndi mbiri yakufuna nkhondo. Ulemu wa dziko, ndiye, umayesedwa ndikufunitsitsa kwa dziko kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti likhalebe ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Ngati wina angaganize masewera a tiddleywinks otenga gawo lofunika kwambiri pamaso pa atsogoleri andale, komanso ngati munthu wina wosalakwa angafunse chifukwa tiddleywinks inali yofunikira kwambiri kwa azungu, yankho likadakhala kuti kokha mwa luso la tiddleywinks dziko lingasunge mbiri yake ngati dziko lokonda ma tiddleywinks. Ndi yankho liti lomwe lingasangalatse wankhanzayo. ”
Milne amakambirana zotsutsana zokhudzana ndi nkhondo ndipo amabwereza mobwerezabwereza kuti azinyoze ngati chikhalidwe chachinyengo chovala chovala chofunikira kapena chosapeŵeka. Bwanji, akufunsa, kodi mipingo yachikristu imatsutsa kuphedwa kwakukulu kwa mabomba a amuna, akazi, ndi ana? Kodi angalole kuti anthu ambiri atembenuke kupita ku Islam ngati akufuna kuteteza dziko lawo? Ayi. Kodi angatsutse chigololo ngati kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi njira yokhayo yotetezera dziko lawo? Ayi. Nchifukwa chiyani amavomereza kupha anthu ambiri?
Milne amayesa kuyesa kuganiza kuti asonyeze kuti nkhondo ndizosankha ndikusankhidwa ndi anthu omwe angasankhe mwanjira ina. Tiyeni tiganizire, akuti, kuyambika kwa nkhondo kungatanthauze kuphedwa kwa Mussolini, Hitler, Goering, Goebbels, Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin, Sir John Simon, nduna ya nduna yomwe sinatchulidwe dzina yomwe yasankhidwa ndi ambiri patsiku lankhondo adalengeza, nduna zankhondo, a Winston Churchill, Akuluakulu awiri omwe sanatchulidwe mayina, ma Admiral awiri osatchulidwa mayina, owongolera awiri osayina mayina amakampani osankhidwa ndi maere, Lord Beaverbrook ndi Rothermere, akonzi a The Times ndi The Morning Post, ndi nthumwi zaku France. Kodi pangakhale nkhondo imeneyi? Milne akunena motsimikiza ayi. Ndipo chifukwa chake sichinali "chachilengedwe" kapena "chosapeweka" konse.
Milne amachitanso mlandu wofanana pa misonkhano ya nkhondo ndi malamulo:
"Tikangoyamba kupanga malamulo ankhondo, tikangonena kuti iyi ndi nkhondo yovomerezeka ndipo inayo siili, tikuvomereza kuti nkhondo ndi njira yokhayo yothetsera mkangano."
Koma, Milne alemba - akuwonetsa molondola mbiri ya 1945 mpaka 2014 yadziko loyendetsedwa ndi UN ndi NATO - simungapange lamulo lotsutsana ndi nkhondo yankhondo ndikupitilizabe nkhondo. Sizigwira ntchito. Ndikudziwononga nokha. Nkhondo idzapitilira m'mikhalidwe yotere, Milne akuneneratu - ndipo tikudziwa kuti anali kulondola. Milne analemba kuti: “Kungosiya zachiwawa sikokwanira. Tiyeneranso kukana chitetezo. ”
Kodi timasinthanitsa ndi chiyani? Milne akuwonetsa dziko lokhala ndi mikangano yopanda chiwawa, kuweruza milandu, ndi lingaliro losintha la ulemu kapena kutchuka komwe kumapangitsa nkhondo kuchititsa manyazi osati ulemu. Osati zamanyazi chabe, koma zamisala. Alozera wogwirizira wankhondo kuti, "Pakadali pano, yomwe itha kukhala tsiku lomaliza la Armagedo ina, sitili okonzeka." Mafunso akufunsa Milne: “Ndi ziti mwa zinthu ziwirizi [Armagedo kapena kusakonzekera] zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri kutukuka?”
