Nkhondo Imawonjezera Mavuto a Nyengo Pamene Kutulutsa Kwa Carbon Wankhondo waku US Kupitilira Mayiko 140+

AMY GOODMAN: Purezidenti wakale wa US a Barack Obama adalankhula Lolemba ku msonkhano wa UN zanyengo, akudzudzula atsogoleri aku China ndi Russia chifukwa chosapita ku Glasgow.

BARACK OBAMA: Mayiko ambiri alephera kukhala ndi mtima wofuna kutchuka monga mmene amafunira. Kuchulukirachulukira, kukulitsa zilakolako zomwe tinkayembekezera ku Paris zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo sizinakwaniritsidwe chimodzimodzi. Ndiyenera kuvomereza, zinali zokhumudwitsa kwambiri kuwona atsogoleri a mayiko awiri otulutsa mayiko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, China ndi Russia, akukana kupita nawo kumilandu. Ndipo mapulani awo amtundu mpaka pano akuwonetsa zomwe zikuwoneka ngati kusowa kwachangu, kufunitsitsa kusungabe zokhazikika ku mbali ya maboma amenewo. Ndipo izo ndi zamanyazi.

AMY GOODMAN: Pomwe Obama adatchula dziko la China ndi Russia, omenyera chilungamo pazanyengo adadzudzula Purezidenti Obama polephera kukwaniritsa zomwe adalonjeza monga Purezidenti komanso udindo wake woyang'anira gulu lankhondo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Uyu ndi womenyera ufulu waku Philippines Mitzi Tan.

MITZI Tan: Ndikuganiza kuti Purezidenti Obama ndi wokhumudwitsa, chifukwa adadzitamandira ngati Purezidenti Wakuda yemwe amasamala za anthu amitundu, koma akanatero, sakadatilephera. Iye sakanalola kuti izi zichitike. Sakanapha anthu ndi ma drone. Ndipo izi zikugwirizana ndi vuto la nyengo, chifukwa gulu lankhondo la US ndi amodzi mwa omwe amawononga kwambiri ndikuyambitsanso zovuta zanyengo. Ndipo pali zinthu zambiri zomwe Purezidenti Obama ndi US akuyenera kuchita kuti anene kuti ndi atsogoleri anyengo omwe akunena.

AMY GOODMAN: Oyankhula pamsonkhano waukulu wa Lachisanu wa Tsogolo lapitalo ku Glasgow adatchulanso gawo la asitikali aku US pazovuta zanyengo.

AYISHA SIDDIQA: Dzina langa ndine Ayisha Siddiqa. Ndimachokera kumpoto kwa Pakistan. … Dipatimenti ya chitetezo ku United States ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mpweya wa carbon pachaka kuposa mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, komanso ndi imodzi yowononga kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kukhalapo kwake kwankhondo m'dera langa kwawonongera United States ndalama zoposa $8 trilioni kuyambira 1976. Zathandizira kuwononga chilengedwe ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Persian Gulf ndi Pakistan. Sikuti nkhondo za kumadzulo za kumadzulo zakhala zikuyambitsa spikes mu mpweya wa carbon, zachititsa kuti uranium iwonongeke, ndipo zachititsa kuti pakhale poizoni wa mpweya ndi madzi ndipo zachititsa kuti abereke zilema, khansara ndi kuzunzika kwa zikwi za anthu.

AMY GOODMAN: Ntchito ya Costs of War ikuyerekeza kuti asitikali aku US adatulutsa matani 1.2 biliyoni a mpweya wa kaboni pakati pa 2001 ndi 2017, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu akubwera kuchokera kunkhondo zaku US zakunja, kuphatikiza ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. Mwa njira imodzi, asitikali aku US ndiwowononga kwambiri kuposa mayiko a 140 kuphatikiza, kuphatikiza mayiko ambiri otukuka, monga Sweden, Denmark ndi Portugal.

Komabe, kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni wankhondo sikunachotsedwe ku mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wanyengo kuyambira 1997 Kyoto Protocol, chifukwa chokopa anthu ku United States. Panthawiyo, gulu la neoconservatives, kuphatikizapo wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wamtsogolo komanso-Halliburton CEO Dick Cheney, adatsutsa kuti asapereke ndalama zonse zankhondo.

Lolemba, gulu la olimbikitsa zanyengo lidachita ziwonetsero kunja kwa mzindawu COP kuwonetsa udindo wa asitikali aku US pamavuto anyengo.

Tsopano talumikizidwa ndi alendo atatu. Mkati mwa msonkhano wa nyengo wa UN, Ramón Mejía alowa nafe, wokonza dziko la Grassroots Global Justice Alliance wotsutsana ndi nkhondo. Iye ndi vet waku Iraq War. Tilinso ndi Erik Edstrom, yemwe adamenya nawo nkhondo ya Afghan ndipo pambuyo pake adaphunzira zakusintha kwanyengo ku Oxford. Iye ndi mlembi wa Un-American: Kuwerengera kwa Msilikali wa Nkhondo Yathu Yaitali Kwambiri. Akubwera nafe kuchokera ku Boston. Komanso ndi ife, ku Glasgow, ndi Neta Crawford. Ali ndi projekiti ya Costs of War ku Brown University. Iye ndi pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Boston. Iye ali kunja kwa COP.

Takulandirani nonse Demokarase Tsopano! Ramón Mejía, tiyambe nanu. Munachita nawo zionetsero mkati COP ndi kunja kwa COP. Munachoka bwanji kukhala msilikali wankhondo waku Iraq kupita ku wotsutsa zanyengo?

RAMÓN INE: Zikomo chifukwa chokhala nane, Amy.

Ndinachita nawo nkhondo ya Iraq m’chaka cha 2003. Monga mbali ya nkhondo imeneyo, yomwe inali mlandu, ndinaona kuwonongedwa kotheratu kwa zomangamanga za dziko la Iraq, za malo ake osungira madzi, ndi zonyansa. Ndipo chinali chinachake chimene sindikanatha kukhala nacho ndekha ndipo sindikanatha kupitiriza kuchichirikiza. Chifukwa chake, nditasiya usilikali, ndinayenera kulankhula ndikutsutsa zankhondo zaku US mwanjira iliyonse, njira kapena mawonekedwe omwe amawonekera m'madera athu. Ku Iraq kokha, anthu aku Iraq akhala akufufuza ndipo adanena kuti ali - ali ndi kuwonongeka koopsa kwa majini komwe kunaphunziridwapo kapena kufufuzidwa. Chifukwa chake, ndiudindo wanga monga msilikali wankhondo kunena zotsutsana ndi nkhondo, makamaka momwe nkhondo zimakhudzira anthu athu okha, chilengedwe ndi nyengo.

JUAN GONZALEZ: Ndipo, Ramón Mejía, bwanji za nkhani iyi ya ntchito ya asitikali aku US pakutulutsa mafuta otsalira? Pamene mudali usilikali, kodi panali lingaliro lililonse pakati pa a GI anzanu ponena za kuipitsa kwakukulu kumeneku kumene asilikali akuyendera padziko lapansi?

RAMÓN INE: Pamene ndinali m’gulu lankhondo, panalibe kukambitsirana kulikonse ponena za chipwirikiti chimene tinali kuyambitsa. Ndinkayendetsa magalimoto onyamula katundu m'dziko lonselo, kutumiza zida zankhondo, kutumiza akasinja, kupereka zida zokonza. Ndipo m’menemo, sindinaone kalikonse koma kungotsala chabe. Mukudziwa, ngakhale magulu athu omwe anali kukwirira zida ndi zinyalala zotayidwa pakati pa chipululu. Tinkawotcha zinyalala, kupanga utsi wapoizoni womwe wakhudza asilikali akale, koma osati omenyera nkhondo okha, komanso anthu aku Iraq ndi omwe ali pafupi ndi maenje oyaka motowo.

Chifukwa chake, asitikali aku US, ngakhale kuti zotulutsa mpweya ndizofunikira kuti tikambirane, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti pazokambirana zanyengo izi tikambirane momwe asitikali amachotsedwera ndipo sayenera kuchepetsa kapena kupereka malipoti otulutsa mpweya, tiyeneranso kukambirana zachiwawa zomwe asitikali akukumana nazo. malipiro pamadera athu, nyengo, pa chilengedwe.

Mukudziwa, tinabwera ndi nthumwi, nthumwi zam'tsogolo za atsogoleri opitilira 60, motsogozedwa ndi It Takes Roots, kuchokera ku Indigenous Environmental Network, kuchokera ku Climate Justice Alliance, kuchokera ku Just Transition Alliance, kuchokera ku Jobs with Justice. Ndipo tabwera kuno kudzanena kuti palibe zero, palibe nkhondo, palibe kutentha, sungani pansi, chifukwa ambiri ammudzi mwathu adakumana ndi zomwe asilikali akupereka.

Mmodzi mwa nthumwi zathu zochokera ku New Mexico, kuchokera ku Southwest Organising Project, analankhula za momwe mamiliyoni ndi mamiliyoni a mafuta a jet atayikira ku Kirtland Air Force Base. Mafuta ochulukirapo atayika ndikulowa m'madzi am'madera oyandikana nawo kuposa Exxon Valdez, komabe zokambiranazo sizikukambidwa. Ndipo tili ndi nthumwi ina yochokera ku Puerto Rico ndi Vieques, momwe mayesero a zida zankhondo ndi zida za mankhwala zavutitsa chilumbachi, ndipo pamene US Navy kulibe, khansa idakalipobe anthu.

JUAN GONZALEZ: Ndipo gulu la Global Witness lati pali oposa 100 olimbikitsa makampani a malasha, mafuta ndi gasi ndi magulu ogwirizana nawo ku COP26. Kodi mukumva bwanji pazakhudzidwa ndi malo ofikirako mafuta pamisonkhanoyi?

RAMÓN INE: Sipangakhale zokambirana zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ngati sitikuphatikiza usilikali. Asilikali, monga tikudziwira, ndi omwe amadya mafuta ambiri komanso amachotsa mpweya wambiri wowonjezera kutentha womwe umayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa nyengo. Chifukwa chake, mukakhala ndi mafakitale amafuta omwe ali ndi nthumwi zochulukirapo kuposa madera athu ambiri akutsogolo ndi Global South, ndiye kuti tikutonthola. Malowa si malo ochitira zokambirana zenizeni. Ndi zokambirana zamakampani ndi mafakitale komanso maboma oipitsa kuti apitirize kuyesa kupeza njira zochitira bizinesi monga mwanthawi zonse popanda kuthana ndi gwero la zokambiranazo.

Inu mukudziwa, izi COP adatchedwa net zero, the COP za net zero, koma iyi ndi unicorn wabodza. Ndi njira yabodza, chimodzimodzi monga kubiriwira kwa asilikali. Mukudziwa, zotulutsa mpweya, ndikofunikira kuti tikambirane, koma kubiriwira asitikali si yankho. Tiyenera kuthana ndi chiwawa chomwe malipiro a asilikali amalipiritsa komanso zotsatira zake zoopsa padziko lapansi.

Kenako, zokambirana m'malo COP sizowona, chifukwa sitingathe ngakhale kukambirana molunjika ndi kuwayankha iwo. Tiyenera kulankhula mwachisawawa. Mukudziwa, sitinganene kuti "ankhondo aku US"; tiyenera kunena kuti "asilikali." Sitinganene kuti boma lathu ndilomwe limayambitsa kuipitsa; tiyenera kulankhula mwachisawawa. Chifukwa chake, pakakhala gawo losagwirizana ili, ndiye kuti timadziwa kuti zokambirana sizili zenizeni pano.

Zokambirana zenizeni ndi kusintha kwenikweni zikuchitika m'misewu ndi madera athu komanso magulu athu apadziko lonse omwe ali pano kuti asamangokambirana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza. Izi - mukudziwa, ndi chiyani icho? Ife takhala tikuzitcha izo, kuti COP ndi, mukudziwa, opindula. Ndiko kusonkhanitsa ochita phindu. Ndi chimene icho chiri. Ndipo ife tiri pano kuti tisalole malo awa momwe muli mphamvu. Tabwera kudzakakamiza, ndipo tili pano kuti tilankhule m'malo mwa anzathu apadziko lonse lapansi ndi magulu ochokera padziko lonse lapansi omwe sangathe kubwera ku Glasgow chifukwa cha tsankho komanso zoletsa zomwe ali nazo kuti abwere. akambirane zomwe zikuchitika m'madera awo. Chifukwa chake tabwera kuti tikweze mawu awo ndi kupitiriza kulankhula - mukudziwa, nawo, pazomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi.

AMY GOODMAN: Kuphatikiza pa Ramón Mejía, taphatikizana ndi veterina wina wa Marine Corps, ndipo ndi Erik Edstrom, wowona zankhondo ku Afghan War, adaphunzira zanyengo ku Oxford ndikulemba bukuli. Un-American: Kuwerengera kwa Msilikali wa Nkhondo Yathu Yaitali Kwambiri. Ngati mutha kuyankhula - chabwino, ndikufunsani funso lomwe ndidafunsa Ramón. Apa munali a Marine Corps [Sic] msilikali wakale. Munachoka bwanji kuchokera pamenepo kupita kwa wolimbikitsa nyengo, ndipo zomwe tiyenera kumvetsetsa za mtengo wankhondo kunyumba ndi kunja? Munamenya nkhondo ku Afghanistan.

ERIK EDSTROM: Zikomo, Amy.

Inde, ndikutanthauza, ndikanakhala wosasamala ngati sindidzawongolera mwachidule, kutanthauza kuti ndine mkulu wa asilikali, kapena mkulu wakale wa asilikali, ndipo sindikufuna kutenthedwa ndi anzanga anzanga chifukwa choganiziridwa molakwika. Msilikali wam'madzi.

Koma ulendo wopita ku zochitika zanyengo, ndikuganiza, unayamba ndili ku Afghanistan ndipo ndinazindikira kuti tikuthetsa vuto molakwika. Sitinali kuphonya nkhani zakumtunda zomwe zimathandizira mfundo zakunja padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe ndi zosokoneza zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo, komwe kumayika madera ena pachiwopsezo. Zimapanga chiopsezo cha geopolitical. Ndipo kuyang'ana kwambiri ku Afghanistan, kusewera bwino Taliban whack-a-mole, ndikunyalanyaza zovuta zanyengo, kumawoneka ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Kotero, nthawi yomweyo, mukudziwa, nditamaliza ntchito yanga ya usilikali, ndinkafuna kuphunzira zomwe ndimakhulupirira kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe m'badwo uno ukukumana nazo. Ndipo masiku ano, tikamaganizira za kuchuluka kwa zida zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi, sikungokhala kusakhulupirika mwanzeru kuwapatula, ndikusasamala komanso kowopsa.

JUAN GONZALEZ: Ndipo, Erik, ndikufuna ndikufunseni za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mafuta ndi asitikali, asitikali aku US komanso magulu ena ankhondo achifumu padziko lonse lapansi. Pakhala pali ubale pakati pa magulu ankhondo omwe amafuna kuwongolera mafuta munthawi yankhondo, komanso kukhala ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mafutawa kuti awonjezere mphamvu zawo zankhondo, sichoncho?

ERIK EDSTROM: Zakhalapo. Ndikuganiza kuti Amy adachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri, komanso wokamba nkhani wina, kuzungulira gulu lankhondo kukhala ogula mafuta ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti izi zimayendetsa zisankho zina zankhondo. Kutulutsa komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha asitikali aku US sikungoyenda pandege wamba komanso kutumiza zotumiza pamodzi. Koma chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe ndimafuna kuti ndipite kunyumba pazokambiranazi ndizomwe sizikukambidwa kwambiri pamitengo yankhondo, yomwe ndi mtengo wamtundu wa kaboni kapena zinthu zoyipa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi bootprint yathu yapadziko lonse lapansi ngati gulu lankhondo padziko lonse lapansi. .

Ndipo Amy anali wolondola kunena kuti - kutchula Brown University Watson Institute ndi matani mabiliyoni a 1.2 omwe amachokera ku usilikali pa nthawi ya nkhondo yapadziko lonse yoopsa. Ndipo mukayang'ana maphunziro azaumoyo wa anthu omwe ayamba kupanga ma calculus kunena kuti ndi matani angati omwe muyenera kutulutsa kuti mupweteke munthu kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi, ndi pafupifupi matani 4,400. Chifukwa chake, ngati muchita masamu osavuta, nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi yachiwopsezo yachititsa kuti anthu 270,000 afa chifukwa cha nyengo padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimakulitsa ndikuwonjezera kukwera mtengo kwankhondo kale ndikulepheretsa zolinga zomwe gulu lankhondo likuyembekeza. kukwaniritsa, chomwe chiri bata. Ndipo mwamakhalidwe, ndikuwononganso mawu omwewo komanso lumbiro la asitikali, lomwe ndi kuteteza anthu aku America ndikukhala mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi, ngati mutenga malingaliro adziko lonse lapansi kapena kudalirana kwa mayiko. Chifukwa chake, kuwononga zovuta zanyengo ndi turbocharging si ntchito yankhondo, ndipo tikuyenera kuwakakamiza kuti afotokozere komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wake.

AMY GOODMAN: Kuyika funso lomveka bwino la Juan - ndikukumbukira nthabwala yomvetsa chisoni iyi ndi kuwukira kwa US ku Iraq, kamnyamata kakunena kwa abambo ake, "Mafuta athu akutani pansi pa mchenga wawo?" Ndinali kudabwa ngati mungathe kufotokoza zambiri, Erik Edstrom, pa zomwe zimapanga mpweya wa asilikali. Ndipo Pentagon imamvetsetsa chiyani? Ndikutanthauza, kwa zaka zambiri, pamene tikukamba za nkhondo za Bush Bush, pansi pa George W. Bush, panali - nthawi zonse timanena kuti sakukamba za maphunziro awo a Pentagon akuti kusintha kwa nyengo ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri ya zaka za 21st. . Koma akumvetsa chiyani, zonse za nkhaniyi komanso udindo wa Pentagon pakuipitsa dziko?

ERIK EDSTROM: Ndikutanthauza, ndikuganiza kuti mwina pamagulu akuluakulu amkuwa mkati mwa usilikali, ndikumvetsetsa kuti kusintha kwa nyengo ndi vuto lenileni komanso lomwe liripo. Pali kusagwirizana, komabe, komwe ndi vuto, lomwe ndilakuti: Kodi asitikali achita chiyani makamaka pa izi, ndiyeno makamaka zotulutsa zake? Ngati asitikali anganene kuti ali ndi mpweya wokwanira ndikuchita izi pafupipafupi, chiwerengerochi chingakhale chochititsa manyazi kwambiri ndikupangitsa kuti asitikali aku US achepetse zotulutsa zomwe zikupita patsogolo. Kotero inu mukhoza kumvetsa kukana kwawo.

Koma, komabe, tiyenera kuwerengera zotulutsa zankhondo, chifukwa zilibe kanthu kuti magwero ake ndi ati. Ngati zimachokera ku ndege wamba kapena ndege yankhondo, ku nyengo yokha, zilibe kanthu. Ndipo tiyenera kuwerengera matani aliwonse a mpweya, mosasamala kanthu kuti kutero ndikovuta pandale. Ndipo popanda kuwulula, tikuchita khungu. Kuti tiyike patsogolo zoyeserera za decarbonization, tifunika kudziwa komwe kumachokera komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zankhondo, kuti atsogoleri athu ndi andale azitha kupanga zisankho zanzeru zomwe angafune kutseka kaye. Ndi malo akunja kwa nyanja? Kodi ndi nsanja inayake yamagalimoto? Zosankhazo sizidziwika, ndipo sitingathe kupanga zisankho zanzeru mwaluntha komanso mwanzeru, mpaka ziwerengerozo zitatuluka.

AMY GOODMAN: Kafukufuku watsopano wochokera ku Brown University's Costs of War project akuwonetsa kuti Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo Kwawo yakhala ikuyang'ana kwambiri zauchigawenga zachilendo komanso zachilendo, pamene ziwawa ku US nthawi zambiri zimachokera kuzinthu zapakhomo, mukudziwa, kuyankhula za ukulu wa azungu. , Mwachitsanzo. Neta Crawford ali nafe. Iye ali kunja kwa COP pakali pano, msonkhano wa UN. Ndiwoyambitsa nawo komanso wotsogolera wa polojekiti ya Costs of War ku Brown. Ndi pulofesa komanso wapampando wa dipatimenti ya sayansi ya ndale ku yunivesite ya Boston. Pulofesa Crawford, tikukulandiraninso Demokarase Tsopano! Chifukwa chiyani muli pa msonkhano wa nyengo? Nthawi zambiri timangolankhula nanu za mtengo wankhondo.

NETA CHIKWATI: Zikomo, Amy.

Ndili pano chifukwa pali mayunivesite angapo ku UK omwe ayambitsa njira yoyesera kuphatikizira zotulutsa zankhondo mokwanira pazolengeza zamayiko omwe amatulutsa. Chaka chilichonse, dziko lililonse lomwe lili mu Annex I - ndiye kuti, maphwando a mgwirizanowu kuchokera ku Kyoto - amayenera kuyika zina mwazinthu zawo zankhondo m'mabuku awo amtundu, koma si ndalama zonse. Ndipo ndi zomwe tikufuna kuti tiwone.

JUAN GONZALEZ: Ndipo, Neta Crawford, kodi mungalankhule za zomwe sizikulembetsedwa kapena kuyang'aniridwa malinga ndi usilikali? Si mafuta okha omwe amathandizira ma jets a gulu lankhondo kapena omwe amayendetsa zombo, komanso. Poganizira mazana ndi mazana a magulu ankhondo omwe United States ili nawo padziko lonse lapansi, ndi mbali ziti za carbon footprint ya asilikali a US zomwe anthu sakuziganizira?

NETA CHIKWATI: Chabwino, ndikuganiza kuti pali zinthu zitatu zofunika kukumbukira apa. Choyamba, pali mpweya wochokera ku makhazikitsidwe. United States ili ndi zida zankhondo pafupifupi 750 kunja, kutsidya kwa nyanja, ndipo ili ndi pafupifupi 400 ku US. Ndipo ndichifukwa cha chisankho cha 1997 cha Kyoto Protocol chochotsa zotulutsazo kapena kuziwerengera dziko lomwe mazikowo ali.

Chifukwa chake, chinthu china chomwe sitikudziwa ndi gawo lalikulu la mpweya wochokera ku ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ku Kyoto, chigamulocho chidatengedwa kuti zisaphatikizepo ntchito zankhondo zomwe zidavomerezedwa ndi United Nations kapena ntchito zina zamayiko osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake zotulutsazo sizikuphatikizidwa.

Palinso china chomwe chimatchedwa - chotchedwa bunker fuels, omwe ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndege ndi ndege - Pepani, ndege ndi zombo zapamadzi padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito zambiri zankhondo yapamadzi yaku United States zili m'madzi apadziko lonse lapansi, kotero sitikudziwa zomwe zimatulutsa. Iwo sakuphatikizidwa. Tsopano, chifukwa chake chinali, mu 1997, a DOD adatumiza memo ku White House kunena kuti ngati mishoni zikaphatikizidwa, ndiye kuti asitikali aku US atha kuchepetsa ntchito zake. Ndipo iwo adati muzolemba zawo, kuchepetsa 10% kwa mpweya kungayambitse kusakonzekera. Ndipo kusakonzekera kumeneko kukanatanthauza kuti dziko la United States silidzakhala lokonzekera kuchita zinthu ziŵiri. Imodzi ndikukhala wamkulu pankhondo ndikumenya nkhondo nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse, ndiye, chachiwiri, osatha kuyankha zomwe amawona ngati zovuta zanyengo zomwe tingakumane nazo. Ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani ankadziwa zimenezi mu 1997? Chifukwa chakuti ankaphunzira za vuto la nyengo kuyambira m’ma 1950 ndi m’ma 1960, ndipo ankadziwa mmene mpweya woipa umayendera. Kotero, ndizo zomwe zikuphatikizidwa ndi zomwe sizikuphatikizidwa.

Ndipo pali gulu lina lalikulu la mpweya womwe sitikudziwa, womwe ndi utsi uliwonse womwe umachokera kumagulu ankhondo ndi mafakitale. Zida zonse zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito ziyenera kupangidwa kwinakwake. Zambiri mwa izo zimachokera ku mabungwe akuluakulu ankhondo ndi mafakitale ku United States. Ena mwa mabungwewa amavomereza zawo, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizotulutsa mwachindunji komanso mwanjira ina, koma sitikudziwa zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikuyerekeza kuti makampani apamwamba ankhondo ndi mafakitale atulutsa pafupifupi kuchuluka kofanana kwamafuta amafuta, mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, monga asitikali okha chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, kwenikweni, tikaganizira za gulu lonse lankhondo la United States, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti sitikuziwerenga zonse. Ndipo kuwonjezera apo, sitikuwerengera zotulutsa za Department of Homeland Security - sindinaziwerengebe - ndipo izi ziyenera kuphatikizidwanso.

AMY GOODMAN: Ndinkafuna -

JUAN GONZALEZ: Ndipo -

AMY GOODMAN: Pitani patsogolo, Juan.

JUAN GONZALEZ: Kodi mungalankhulenso za maenje oyaka, inunso? Asitikali aku US ayenera kukhala apadera padziko lapansi, kuti kulikonse komwe angapite, nthawi zonse amatha kuwononga zinthu potuluka, kaya ndi nkhondo kapena ntchito. Kodi mungalankhulenso za maenje oyaka, inunso?

NETA CHIKWATI: Sindikudziwa zambiri za maenje oyaka, koma ndikudziwa china chake chokhudza kuwononga chilengedwe komwe gulu lililonse limapanga. Kuyambira nthawi ya atsamunda mpaka Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni, pamene zipika za Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni zinapangidwa kuchokera ku nkhalango zonse zodulidwa, kapena misewu inapangidwa kuchokera kumitengo, asilikali a United States akhala akuwononga chilengedwe. Mu Nkhondo Yachiweruzo ndi Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe, ndipo mwachiwonekere ku Vietnam ndi Korea, United States yatulutsa madera, nkhalango kapena nkhalango, kumene iwo ankaganiza kuti zigawenga zidzabisala.

Chifukwa chake, maenje oyaka ndi gawo limodzi chabe la mtundu waukulu wakusalabadira mlengalenga ndi chilengedwe, chilengedwe chapoizoni. Ndipo ngakhale mankhwala omwe amasiyidwa m'mabokosi, omwe akutuluka m'mitsuko kuti apange mafuta, ndi oopsa. Chifukwa chake, pali - monga okamba ena onse anena, pali kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe komwe tiyenera kuganizira.

AMY GOODMAN: Pomaliza, mu 1997, gulu la neoconservatives, kuphatikizapo wachiwiri kwa purezidenti, yemwe panthawiyo anali Halliburton. CEO Dick Cheney, adatsutsa kuti asapereke zotulutsa zonse zankhondo ku Kyoto Protocol. M'kalatayo, Cheney, pamodzi ndi kazembe Jeane Kirkpatrick, mlembi wakale wa chitetezo a Caspar Weinberger, adalemba, "popanda kumenya nkhondo zankhondo zaku US zokha zomwe ndi zamayiko osiyanasiyana komanso zothandiza anthu, zankhondo zosagwirizana - monga ku Grenada, Panama ndi Libya - zitha kukhala zandale komanso mwaukadaulo. zovuta kwambiri. " Erik Edstrom, yankho lanu?

ERIK EDSTROM: Ndikuganiza, ndithudi, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndi ntchito yathu, monga nzika zomwe zili pachiwopsezo, kukakamiza boma lathu kuti liganizire mozama zomwe zikuchitikazi. Ndipo ngati boma lathu likulephera kukwera, tiyenera kusankha atsogoleri atsopano omwe adzachita zoyenera, zomwe zidzasintha mafunde ndipo zidzayesetsa kuchita zomwe zikufunika pano, chifukwa, ndithudi, dziko limadalira. izo.

AMY GOODMAN: Chabwino, tithera pamenepo koma, ndithudi, pitirizani kutsatira nkhaniyi. Erik Edstrom ndi vet ku Afghan War, womaliza maphunziro ku West Point. Anaphunzira nyengo ku Oxford. Ndipo buku lake ndi Un-American: Kuwerengera kwa Msilikali wa Nkhondo Yathu Yaitali Kwambiri. Ramón Mejía ali mkati COP, wokonza dziko lodana ndi nkhondo ndi Grassroots Global Justice Alliance. Iye ndi wankhondo waku Iraq War. Iye wakhala akuchita nawo zionetsero mkati ndi kunja COP ku Glasgow. Komanso ndi ife, Neta Crawford, Costs of War project ku Brown University. Ndi pulofesa wa sayansi ya ndale ku yunivesite ya Boston.

Tikabwerera, timapita ku Stella Moris. Ndi mnzake wa Julian Assange. Ndiye akuchita chiyani ku Glasgow, pomwe amalankhula za momwe WikiLeaks adawulula chinyengo cha mayiko olemera pothana ndi vuto la nyengo? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani iye ndi Julian Assange sakukwatira - chifukwa chiyani sangathe kukwatirana? Kodi akuluakulu akundende ku Belmarsh, Britain ikunena kuti ayi? Khalani nafe.