Nkhondo ndi Kutentha

Wolemba a Nathan Albright, Marichi 11, 2020

kuchokera Mauthenga a Zopanda Chilengedwe

Pa June 5^th, 2019, katswiri wofufuza za ukadaulo wa Rod Schoonover adalankhula pamaso pa Nyumba ya Intelligence yomvetsera pa National Security and Climate Change. "Nyengo ya Dziko Lapansi ikuwoneka mosasintha mosatalikirana kwanyengo monga momwe kukhazikitsira zaka makumi angapo zasayansi kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri zakudziyimira pawokha," atero Schoonover. "Tikuyembekeza kuti kusintha kwa nyengo kudzasokoneza chitetezo cha dziko la US kudzera munjira zingapo, zofananira, komanso modutsa. Dzikoli nthawi zambiri limasokoneza malowedwe olimbitsa thupi pafupifupi lidzasokonekera pazandale, zachikhalidwe, zachuma, komanso chitetezo padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikuphatikiza kuwonongeka kwachuma, kuwopseza thanzi la anthu, chitetezo champhamvu, komanso chitetezo chamagulu. Tikuyembekeza kuti palibe dziko lomwe lingavutike ndi kusintha kwa nyengo kwa zaka 20. ” Atangopereka ndemanga zake, Schoonover anasiya udindo wake ndikulemba Op-Ed ku New York Times momwe adawululira kuti olamulira a Trump ayesa kutsutsa zonena zake, ndikumamuwuza payekha kuti awononge zigawo zikuluzikulu za nkhani yake. kupangira kusintha kwa zotsalazo. Akuluakulu aboma akuchepetsa komanso kulemba zachipongwe pa umboni wa Schoonover, womwe umawerengedwa mu chikalata chosavomerezeka chomwe atulutsidwa ndi Center for Climate and Security, akuphatikizanso zonena kuti "kuvomerezedwa kwa mabuku omwe anthu amawerengetsa sikugwirizana ndi chowonadi."

Ntchito yotsogola ya Trump yoletsa kuti anthu asinthe zanyengo ndi yodziwika bwino (ndikufufuza nkhaniyi kuti ndidziwe zambiri zomwe zidandichititsa kuti zikhale zaka zingapo zapitazo zomwe zidabweretsa zikalata zaku Boma zakusintha kwanyengo koma pano zinditumiza ku mauthenga olakwika ndi masamba opanda tanthauzo) kudabwitsidwa kwa owerenga ambiri ndikutanthauzika kwamphamvu komwe makampaniwa alandira kuchokera ku Pentagon. Miyezi ingapo nduna ya Intelligence Hearing isanafike, akuluakulu makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi atatu omwe anali asitikali aku US ndi asitikali a dziko lonse asaina kalata Purezidenti akumuchonderera kuti azindikire "chiwopsezo chachitetezo cha dziko la US" chochitidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kalatayo yomwe akuluakulu ankhondo, akatswiri azamisala, komanso akuluakulu a ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito m'maboma anayi apitawa, akuti: "Zowopsa zachitika, zikuchitika pano, zikuchitika tsopano, imayendetsedwa ndi anthu, ndipo ikuthamanga. ”

M'zaka zitatu zokha zapitazi, akuluakulu ambiri ochokera ku Intelligence Community (IC) ndi department of Defense (DOD) anena zakuda nkhawa zakusokonekera kwa kusintha kwa nyengo, kuphatikiza Mlembi wakale wa Defense, a James Mattis, Director of National Intelligence , A Daniel Coats, Secretary of Navy, Richard Spencer, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Bill Moran, Chief of Staff of the US Air Force, General David L. Goldfein, Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff, General Stephen Wilson, Deputy Army Chief of Staff, General James McConville, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, General Joseph Lengyel, Commander of the Marine Corps, General Robert Neller, Secretary of the Air Force, Heather A. Wilson, and Commander of United States Command European and NATO Supreme Commander Allies Europe, General Curtis M. Scaparrotti. M'magazini ya Schoonover's Op-Ed ku New York Times, adafotokoza nkhawa ya Pentagon: "Mawu awiri omwe akatswiri azachitetezo adziko lino ndikosatsimikiza, ndipo sitikukayikira kuti nyengo yasintha."

Kugwirizana pakati pa sayansi ya nyengo ndi asitikali kumayambira zaka za m'ma 1950, kusintha kwanyengo kusanachitike. Oceanologist Roger Revelle, m'modzi mwa asayansi oyamba omwe anachita kafukufuku wokhudza kutentha kwadziko, anayang'anira kuyesa kwa zida za nyukiliya pa zilumba za Bikini atangoyamba kumene ntchito ngati Naval Officer, ndipo pambuyo pake anapeza ndalama zofufuzira nyengo pofotokoza nkhawa zake pofotokoza za momwe Soviet ingatenge zida. nyengoyo. Akatswiri ena a sayansi ya zanyengo adatsimikizira nkhawa za a Revelle zakugwa kumbuyo kwa Soviet Union ndikufotokozeranso za zida zanyukiliya mu chikalata cha 1959 cha National Institute for Atmospheric Research, ndikulemba, "zochita za munthu pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta zakale zaka zana zapitazo, komanso zopangira zida za nyukiliya pazaka khumi zapitazi zakhala zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri kuti zitheke kufunsa bwino momwe ntchitozi zidakhudzira mlengalenga. ”

Posachedwa, pomwe kusintha kwa nyengo kwatsutsidwa ngati nkhani yovuta ku Washington, akatswiri oteteza zachipembedzo osagwirizana ndi a DOD adafufuza mwakachetechete ndikulemba zakusintha kwanyengo ndi tanthauzo lake pachitetezo padziko lonse lapansi. M'mawu a a Col Lawrence Wilkerson, yemwe anali Chief of Staff to Colin Powell, "dipatimenti yokhayo ku ... Washington yomwe idadziwika bwino kuti malingaliro akuti kusintha kwanyengo ndiowona ndi Dipatimenti Yoteteza."

Izi zili choncho mwina chifukwa choopseza zida zankhondo. The Januari 2019 DOD Fotokozani Zokhudza Kusintha Kwanyengo ikulemba mndandanda wa asitikali a 79 omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kusokonezeka kwakukulu ku ntchito mtsogolomo chifukwa cha chilala (mwachitsanzo, ku Joint Base Anacostia Bolling ku DC ndi Pearl Harbour, HI), kubwinja (pamalo apakati pa US drone Command Center, Creech Air Force base ku Nevada), moto wamtchire (ku Vandenberg Air Force Base ku California), thawing permafrost (kumalo ophunzitsira ku Greeley, Alaska), komanso kusefukira kwamadzi (ku Norfolk Naval Base ku Virginia). Olemba lipotilo anati: "M'pofunika kunena kuti, 'm'tsogolo' pankhaniyi zikutanthauza zaka 20 mtsogolo.” Poyankhulana waposachedwa ndi Center for Investigative Reporting, Secretary wakale wa Navy, a Ray Mabus anachenjeza, "zonse zomwe mwawerenga, sayansi yonse yomwe mukuwona ndikuti tapeputsa liwiro lomwe izi zikuchitika ... Ngati tichita 'tisapange kena kake kosintha kapena kuchulukitsa kukwera kwa nyanja, malo oyikirapo kwambiri oyendetsa sitima zapadziko lonse lapansi, Norfolk, azikhala pansi pa madzi. Zitha. Ndipo zidzasowa m'masiku amoyo wamunthu. ”

Koma kuwopsa kwa zomangamanga ndi chiyambi chabe cha nkhawa zomwe oyang'anira chitetezo apamwamba aku US, omwe amakonda kunena kuti kusintha kwanyengo ndi "koopseza." Kuunikanso zolemba za Pentagon zomwe zapezeka m'zaka zingapo zapitazi zikuwulula mndandanda wambiri wama nkhawa omwe akukhudzana ndi zovuta za nyengo kuchokera kwa Intelligence and Defense. Kusokonezeka kwanyengo komwe kunalembedwa kale ndi kuwonjezeka kwa asitikali omwe akudwala kapena kufa chifukwa cha kutentha pa nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuvuta ntchito zankhondo, komanso kuchepa kwa nzeru, kuyang'anira, komanso kuyang'ananso chifukwa chokhala “masiku osakwera ndege.” Zovuta za m'tsogolo komanso zapakatikati ndizolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kuphatikiza: kufalikira kwa matenda ndi matendawa; zochulukirapo zothandizira anthu pakagwa masoka achilengedwe; madera akulu kukhala osagwirizana ndi chilala kapena kutentha kosasunthika; kutsegulidwa kwa magawo atsopano ngati arctic (atafunsidwa kuti ndi chiyani chomwe chinalimbikitsa kusintha kwa DOD's Njira Ya Arctic mchaka cha 2014, Secretary Secretary wa Navy, a Richard Spencer adati, "zomwe zidasungunuka zasungunuka."); kulimbana ndi Russia ndi China pazachuma zomwe zangotsegulidwa posungunuka; mikangano yambiri yazachuma; kusamvana pakati pa zoyesayesa zaumbiri kuyesa kupanga nyengo; komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kusintha kwanyengo, mwadzidzidzi nyengo.

Mu 2016, pomwepo Director wa National Intelligence Daniel Coats, adafotokoza za ngozizi mu lipoti lotchedwa Zovuta kwa US National Security of akuyembekezeredwa Kusintha Kwanyengo. Ngakhale "kusokonekera kwakusintha kwa nyengo kukuyenda bwino," adalemba, "zaka 20, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa nyengo pamachitidwe a anthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kupanda chiyembekezo kungakhale kodabwitsa, mwinanso kuposa kale. Akapanda kuyembekezera, akhoza kuthana ndi zovuta za boma komanso zothandizira. ” Anachenjeza kuti dziko likhoza kukhala kuti likukumana ndi "mavuto azachuma azachuma kwambiri" omwe akusokonekera chifukwa chakusintha kwanyengo, ndikuti, "modabwitsa, akuluakulu aboma akhoza kugwa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu."

Mu Ogasiti, chaka cha 2019 Sukulu Yankhondo Yankhondo idatulutsa pawokha za kuopsa kumeneku, kudandaula kuti "ndikulankhula kosachedwa kupikisana ndi andale" pankhani yakusintha kwanyengo, ndipo idapeza kuti "monga bungwe lomwe, malinga ndi lamulo, osagwirizana nawo, Dipatimenti. Zachitetezo sikukonzekera bwino lomwe mavuto azachuma omwe amabweretsa mavuto padzikoli. ” Phunziroli, lotchedwa Zokhudza Kusintha Kwanyengo kwa Gulu Lankhondo la US, achenjeza kuti "nyengo yotentha yanyengo yotentha kwambiri ikufika patsogolo modabwitsa," ndipo akuwunikira kwambiri mu "kusintha kwanyengo m'dziko limodzi," Bangladesh. Olembawo akutikumbutsa kuti Bangladesh, dziko lomwe lili ndi anthu 40 ku Syria komwe kudagwa chilala posachedwapa kunayambitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni yomwe ikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, ilipo chifukwa cha nkhondo pakati pa India ndi Pakistan, magulu ankhondo awiri omwe tsopano ali ndi zida za nyukiliya. "Momwe nyanja zikukwera ndi madera akuluakulu a Bangladesh kukhala osakhazikika, anthu mamiliyoni mazana ambiri aku Bangladesh achoka kuti? Kodi kusamutsidwa kwakukuluku kungakhudze bwanji chitetezedwe padziko lonse lapansi chokhala ndi pafupifupi XNUMX% yaanthu padziko lapansi komanso mphamvu zingapo zanyukiliya? ”

Chitsanzo cha Army War College chimafika pamtima nkhawa za nyengo ya Pentagon: kusamuka kwa anthu. M'buku lake la 2017 Kuwononga Khoma: Kusintha Kwanyengo, Kusamukira, ndi Kutetemera Kwaku Homeland, mtolankhani wofufuza Todd Miller afotokoza za kuphulika kwa mantha aboma chifukwa cha kusamuka komwe kwachitika zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. "Kunali mipanda 16 yamalire pomwe khoma la Berlin lidagwa mu 1988," a Miller alemba, "tsopano alipo opitilira 70 padziko lonse lapansi," kuphatikiza, "malire atsopano" a Turkey ndi Syria, omwe [ali] ndi nsanja pafupifupi 1,000 Mapazi okhala ndi alamu a zilankhulo zitatu komanso "magalimoto owombera" adathandizidwa ndi kuzungulira zeppelin drones. "

Miller akuti nkhaniyi mu Atlantic kuyambira 1994, Kubwera Chisokonezo wakhala ndi chisonkhezero chakunja pakuwumba mfundo zaboma zosunthika panthawiyi. Nkhani yomwe Robert Kaplan akuti, "Miller wanena," chisakanizo chodabwitsa kwambiri cha kusokonekera kwa chilengedwe cha Malthusian ndikuwonetsa pang'onopang'ono kugwa kwachilengedwe, "momwe Kaplan akufotokozera ndi ziwonetsero zofanana komanso zodana ndi" gulu "la achinyamata oyenda, osagwira ntchito ku West Ma shantytown aku Africa ndi madera ena a Global South pamene alowa m'magulu a zigawenga ndikuwathandizira zigawo mosagwirizana ndi malamulo. "Pali mamiliyoni ochuluka kwambiri" Kaplan akuchenjeza, poyang'ana cha kubwera 21^st , "zomwe mphamvu zake zosagwirizana ndi zikhumbo zake zimapenya malingaliro a osankhika, ndikubwezeretsa m'tsogolo kukhala chinthu chatsopano." Masomphenya akhungu a Kaplan amtsogolo adavomerezedwa mwachangu ngati uneneri pamwambamwamba kwambiri aboma la US, adakomoka ndi boma la dziko lonse a Tim Wirth ku ofesi ya kazembe aliyense ku America padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo adayamikiridwa ndi Purezidenti Clinton yemwe adatcha Kaplan ngati "[beacon] chifukwa cha chidwi chatsopano pa kuteteza zachilengedwe. ” Chaka chomwecho, a Miller akuti, "Gulu Lankhondo la US Army lidagwiritsa ntchito dzimbiri popanga nkhondo ya Vietnam ndi Persian Gulf kuti ipange khoma loyamba la malire ku Nogales, Arizona," gawo la olamulira atsopano a "Clothing For Deterrence" ku Clinic. ”Mfundo zokomera alendo. Chaka chotsatira, a Border Patrol othandizira anakhazikitsa "malo oseketsa anthu osamukasamuka ku Arizona pomwe othandizira adakhazikitsa zitseko zamiyala momwe amatsogolera anthu" kuti akwaniritse ntchito mwadzidzidzi, kenako ndikuzinyamula m'mabasi omwe amawatengera kumalo osunga anthu ambiri. "

M'zaka zapakati pa nkhani ya Kaplan, zamtsogolo zambiri zamtundu wanthawi zofananazi zakonzedwa ndi akatswiri aza chitetezo ndipo akuganiza matanki olimbikitsa maboma kuti adzilimikize okha chifukwa cha vuto la nyengo. Mosiyana ndi mabungwe asayansi monga International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) omwe amakhala okayikira kuti angayerekeze kulosera zam'tsogolo mtsogolo kuti angaimbidwe mlandu molakwika, iwo omwe ali mu bizinesi yachitetezo chadziko safulumira kufufuza chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka. zamavuto, kuwopa kuti angalephere kukhala okonzekera chinthu chimodzi. Kuphatikizika kwa kuyang'ana kosaletseka pazowona zovuta za nyengo komanso kusakhulupirika kwathunthu kwa anthu komwe kumalemba izi kumapangitsa kuwerenga kosawerengeka.

Mu 2003, tank yakuganiza ya Pentagon idatulutsa lipoti lotchedwa Kusintha Kwanyengo Kosachedwa ndi Zovuta Zake ku Chitetezo Cha Dziko cha United States. Lipotilo, lomwe pambuyo pake lingakhale kudzoza kwa Hollywood blockbuster Tsiku Lotsatira Mawa, yatenga dziko momwe mavuto azachilengedwe akuchulukirachulukira amachititsa mayiko olemera ngati US kuti "amange nyumba zachitetezo kuzungulira maiko awo, kudzisungira okha chuma," zomwe zingachititse kuti mayiko olemera akhale olemererapo. timagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso limatulutsira mpweya wowonjezera kutentha monga CO2 mumlengalenga. ” Olembawo akumaliza ndi kunena kuti American ikadakhala yabwinoko, ikuyenda bwino komanso kukhala ndi mwayi wambiri, ipezeka m'dziko lomwe Europe ikulimbana mkati, othawa kwawo ambiri akusamba m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi Asia ali pamavuto akulu chifukwa cha chakudya ndi madzi. Kusokonezeka ndi kusamvana kudzakhala zinthu zofunikira kwambiri pamoyo. ”

Mu 2007, akasinja awiri aku Washington, Center for Strategic and International Study ndi Center for New American Security, adalemba zolosera zambiri mu lipoti lomwe limadziwika kuti M'badwo Wazotsatira. Gulu lomwe linagwira chikalatacho linapangidwa ndi akuluakulu angapo apamwamba a Pentagon kuphatikiza omwe anali Chief of Staff kwa Purezidenti John Podesta, Mlangizi wakale wa National Security kwa Deputy President Leon Fuerth (onsewa adadzasayina kalata yapitayo kwa a Trump), Atsogoleri wakale a CIA a James Woolsey, ndi atsogoleri ena "odziwika bwino padziko lonse asayansi yokhudza nyengo, ndondomeko zakunja, sayansi yandale, mbiri yakale, mbiri yakale, komanso chitetezo chamayiko." Lipotilo linayang'ana zochitika zitatu za nyengo yozizira “yomwe ingakhalepo mwa sayansi,” kuchokera ku "kuyembekezera" mpaka "kwambiri" mpaka "tsoka". Zochitika "zoyembekezeka", zomwe olemba amatanthauzira kuti "zochepa zomwe tiyenera kukonzekera," zachokera kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa 1.3 ° C pofika 2040, ndipo kukukhudza “kukwezeka kwamkati pamalire ndi malire oyambitsidwa ndi akuluakulu. kusamuka; mikangano yoyambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa zinthu, ”komanso“ kuchuluka kwa matenda. ” Zochitika "zoopsa "zi zikufotokoza dziko lapansi lotentha kwambiri la 2.6 ° C pofika 2040 pomwe" zochitika zazikuluzikulu zopanda malire padziko lapansi zimabweretsa zochitika zapakati pa anthu wamba. " Mu gawo lachitatu, "zowopsa", olemba amalingalira za kutentha kwa 5.6 ° C pofika 2100:

"Kuchuluka kwa zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo - makamaka m'malo owonekera kwambiri - zimandivuta kuzindikira kukula ndi kusintha komwe kungachitike mtsogolo. Ngakhale pagulu lathu la opanga ndi odzipereka ozindikira, zinali zovuta kwambiri kulingalira za kusintha kwakukuru padziko lonse lapansi. Kutentha kwapadziko lonse lapansi kopitilira 3 ° C ndipo nyanjayo imakwera m'miyeso (kuthekera koyesedwa m'tsogolo) zikuwonetsa paradigm yatsopano kwambiri kwakuti nkosatheka kulingalira zonse za moyo wamtundu ndi wapadziko lonse lapansi mosakhudzika. Monga mmodzi mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali, "kusintha kwa nyengo kosasinthika kumafanana ndi dziko lomwe likuwonetsedwa ndi a Mad Max, omwe amawotcha okha, opanda magombe, ndipo mwina ndi chisokonezo chochulukirapo. ' Ngakhale mawonekedwe oterewa angaoneke ngati owonjezera, kuwunikira mosamala ndi zovuta zonse zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi ndikosokoneza. Kugwa ndi chipwirikiti chokhudzana ndi kusintha kwanyengo kwambiri zitha kukonza chilichonse chilichonse chamoyo wamakono. Nkhani yokhayi yofananira kwa ambiri m'gululi inali kulingalira zomwe zingachitike pambuyo poti dziko la Soviet Union latha. "

Kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri, wosindikizidwa ndi tank yakuganiza yaku Australia mu 2019, zonena M'badwo Wazotsatira ndipo ikupereka ndemanga zina, kuti titha kunena ngati "zotenga nthawi yayitali kuzungulira kaboni," malonjezo omwe apangidwa mu Pangano la 2015 la Paris atha kuyambitsa kutentha kwa 5 ° C pofika 2100. Mapepalawo, omwe anali ndi dzina loti Ngozi Zokhudzana ndi Nyengo imayamba ndi kunena lipoti la Senate yaku Australia yomwe idazindikira kuti kusintha kwa nyengo "kukuwopseza kutha kwa moyo wanzeru wochokera ku Dziko lapansi kapena chiwonongeko chotheratu cha kuthekera kwake kwa tsogolo labwino," ndikuchenjezanso kuti chiwopsezochi "chayandikira kumapeto . ” Olembawo akuti Banki Yadziko Lonse imaganizira kutentha kwa 4 ° C komwe “kungathenso kusintha.” Lipotili limaliza kuti: "Zachidziwikire, kuti titeteze chitukuko cha anthu," ntchito zofunikira zadziko lonse lapansi ndizofunikira pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Izi zitha kufanana ndi nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi. ”

Osalakwitsa, kuwunika kwakukulu kwa zovuta zanyengo kukuneneratu kuti zaka makumi zikubwerazi zidzawona mamiliyoni mazana ambiri othawa kwawo kwanyengo akuwonjezeredwa kwa makumi mamiliyoni omwe athawidwa kale ndi vutoli. Tikavomereza kusintha kosapeweka, kwanyengo komwe mavuto azanyengo amalonjeza m'zaka makumi zikubwerazi, tikukumana ndi ziwonetsero ziwiri zapadziko lonse lapansi. Poyamba, atavomereza vutoli, anthu amagwirira ntchito limodzi ndikupeza zofunikira kuti athandizane - njira yomwe ingafune kuthana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwachuma ndi mphamvu. Chachiwiri, chosankhidwa ndi osankhika, chimaphatikizapo kuuma kwa kusalingana komwe iwo omwe ali ndi zochulukirapo mopitirira muyeso amasankha kupititsa patsogolo chuma chawo ndikutcha aliyense amene akusowa "chitetezo" kuti athetse ziwawa zowoneka bwino. Anthu ambiri angapindule ndi malingaliro oyamba pomwe ochepa ochepa akupindula kuchokera kwachiwiri, kuphatikiza opanga zida zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi monga Boeing, Lockheed Martin, ndi Raytheon, pafupifupi onse omwe amathandizira kulipira akasinja oganiza zamtsogolo imagwa popanda zidutswazo.

In Kuwononga Khoma, Todd Miller amayenda ndi othawa kwawo ambiri kunyengo zoyipa zosamukira. Akuwona kuti "malire m'nthawi ya anthropocene" nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi "alimi achichepere opanda zida omwe zokolola zawo sizikuyenda bwino pomwe akukumana ndi maboma akukulira kwambiri, mfuti, ndi ndende." Mosiyana kwambiri ndi malipoti ochokera kwa achitetezo, akuti mayiko akuyenera kutengera othawa kwawo nyengo mogwirizana ndi udindo wawo wakale wotulutsa mpweya - izi zikutanthauza kuti US itenga othawa kwawo 27%, EU 25%, China 11% , ndi zina zotero. "M'malo mwake," akutero, "awa ndi malo omwe ali ndi bajeti yayikulu kwambiri yankhondo. Ndipo awa ndi mayiko omwe akumanga makoma aatali m'malire. ” Pakadali pano, iwo omwe akukhala m'ma 48 omwe amatchedwa "mayiko osatukuka kwambiri," ali ndi mwayi wokufa ka 5 chifukwa cha ngozi yanyengo pomwe akuwerengera zochepera 1% ya mpweya wapadziko lonse. "Nkhondo yeniyeni yanyengo," alemba a Miller, "siyili pakati pa anthu akumadera osiyanasiyana akumenyanirana chifukwa chosowa ndalama. Ndi pakati pa olamulira ndi akumera; pakati podzipha komanso chiyembekezo chakusintha kosatha. Malire a asilikaliwa ndi chimodzi mwa zida zambiri zimene anthu olamulira ali nazo. ” Ndi munthawi iyi pomwe titha kuyamba kuwona zomwe kukana nyengo yomwe ikuwoneka kuti ikutsutsana komanso kukondweretsedwa kwa nyengo pakati pa osankhika kuli kofanana: zonsezi ndizokhudza kukhalabe momwemo - mwina pongokakamira zenizeni kapena kutumizira gulu lankhondo poyembekeza kuwopseza mphamvu yokhazikitsidwa.

Miller akufotokoza nkhani ya gulu laling'ono lomwe, chifukwa choopa kutentha kwadziko lapansi m'miyoyo yawo, asankha kuyenda mtunda wopitilira 1,000 "paulendo wa anthu" kumsonkhano wapadziko lonse wa 2015 Paris. Amatsatira awiri mwa apaulendo, Yeb ndi AG, abale aku Philippines omwe, mu 2013, adawona Typhoon Haiyan awononga nyumba yawo. AG adapulumuka mwamphamvu mvula yamkuntho yomwe "ena 6" yomwe ena amati ndi "mwala wamakilomita 260," ndipo adanyamula mitembo ya anthu 78 am'deralo panthawi yochira. Yeb, yemwe anali wokambirana zanyengo ku Philippines panthawiyo, adamaliza ntchito atamaliza kukwiya pa msonkhano wa Warsaw Climate pamene anali kuyembekezera mawu ochokera kubanja lake. Kumayambiriro kwa ulendowu wa masiku 60, adati adathedwa nzeru ndi zovuta "zoyipa zenizeni" zomwe dziko limakumana nazo, koma poyenda adalimbikitsidwa ndimunthu aliyense yemwe adalandira alendo m'njira zina. Kunali kulumikizana ndi "anthu enieni," adatero, omwe adawalandira ndikuwapatsa mabedi, omwe adawapatsa chiyembekezo.

Atafika ku Paris, adapeza kukonzekera kwamzindawo kuchititsa msonkhano wamakedzana kudasokonekera chifukwa cha November 13^th ziwopsezo. Sabata yomwe ija, "bungwe lachiwonetsero cha zanyengo lidakumana ndi zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi zigawenga." Pomwe boma lidapempha boma kuti liletse chiwonetsero cha nyengo yonse kunja kwa msonkhanowu, a Miller akuti chapafupi, Milipol, katswiri wankhondo wankhondo, adaloledwa kuchitika monga anakonzera ngakhale ophatikizira opitilira 24,000 akuyenda pakati pa ogulitsa kuti aphunzire za gwira zida. Pamalopo panali zodzaza ndi magalimoto, magalimoto onyamula zida, makhoma am'malire, mawonekedwe a "amuna ophatikizidwa atavala zida zankhondo, okhala ndi zigoba za gasi ndi mfuti," ndipo ogula akuchenjeza za "anthu omwe amadzinenera kuti ndi othawa kwawo."

Miller akulemba kuti kuchitira umboni Milipol ndi kuyenda kwa anthuwa kunawunikira kusiyana pakati pa chilungamo cha nyengo ndi chitetezo cha nyengo: "Chikhulupiriro champhamvu cha ena." "Chomwe timafunikira kwambiri ndi kuyika mizu pansi komanso kuchereza alendo pamalire, ngakhale ndi zovuta zake" adatero Yeb, "gulu ili liyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndikumangidwa ngakhale atsogoleri athu. ” Sabata imeneyo pamsonkhano wapamtunda, komwe Paris Climate Accord ikadalembedwa, ngakhale boma lidaletsa msonkhano wapagulu, anthu 11,000 adasefukira m'misewu akukumana ndi misozi ndi zibonga za apolisi, ndi ena oposa 600,000 padziko lonse lapansi adayenda akuthandizira. "Kugwirizana sikungatheke," atero Yeb, pomwe amaliza ulendowu ndikuyika pachiwopsezo chomangidwa ndikulowa m'malo mwa ziwonetserozo, "ndi mwayi wathu wokha."

Nathan Albright amakhala ndipo amagwira ntchito ku Maryhouse Catholic Worker ku New York, ndikugwirizana “Chigumula”.