Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, May 18, 2022
Nthawi zambiri ndimasindikiza ndemanga ya buku laposachedwa ndikuwonjezera a mndandanda m’mabuku aposachedwapa olimbikitsa kuthetsa nkhondo. Ndasunga buku limodzi kuchokera m'ma 1990 pamndandanda umenewo, womwe uli m'zaka zonse za 21st. Chifukwa chomwe sindinaphatikizepo mabuku azaka za m'ma 1920 ndi 1930 ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe ingakhale.
Limodzi mwa mabuku amene anali pamndandanda umenewo ndi la m’ma 1935 Chifukwa Chake Nkhondo Ziyenera Kutha Wolemba Carrie Chapman Catt, Akazi a Franklin D. Roosevelt (Ndikuganiza kuti kunena momveka bwino kuti anali wokwatiwa ndi Purezidenti kunaposa kutchula dzina lake), Jane Addams, ndi ena asanu ndi awiri omenyera ufulu wachikazi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
Mosadziwa kwa owerenga osalakwa, Catt adakangana momveka bwino zamtendere isanachitike WWI ndiyeno adathandizira WWI, pomwe Eleanor Roosevelt sanachite zambiri kutsutsa WWI. Palibe m'modzi mwa olemba 10, kupatulapo Florence Allen, ngakhale akulimbikitsa masitepe m'bukuli kuti ateteze WWII, ngakhale adaneneratu ndikutsutsa motsimikiza komanso mwachangu mu 1935, akanatsutsa zikafika. Mmodzi wa iwo, Emily Newell Blair, adzapita kukagwira ntchito zabodza kwa Dipatimenti ya Nkhondo pa nthawi ya WWII atapanga mlandu wamphamvu m'bukuli motsutsana ndi chikhulupiriro chonyenga chakuti nkhondo iliyonse ingakhale yodzitchinjiriza kapena yoyenerera.
Ndiye, kodi timawatenga bwanji olemba ngati amenewa mozama? Umu ndi momwe mapiri anzeru omwe adatuluka muzaka zamtendere kwambiri za chikhalidwe cha US adakwiriridwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi chimene tiyenera kuphunzira kusiya WWII kumbuyo. Yankho lalikulu ndilakuti timatenga mikanganoyi mozama, osati poika anthu omwe adawapanga pazitsanzo koma powerenga mabuku ndikuwaganizira pa kuyenera kwawo.
Olimbikitsa mtendere azaka za m'ma 1930 nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati osazindikira osazindikira dziko lenileni lankhanza, anthu omwe amaganiza kuti Kellogg-Briand Pact ithetsa nkhondo zonse mwamatsenga. Komabe anthu awa, omwe adayika maola osatha kuti apange Kellogg-Briand Pact sanaganizirepo mphindi imodzi kuti adatha. Adatsutsa m'bukuli pakufunika kuyimitsa mpikisano wa zida ndikuchotsa Nkhondo Yankhondo. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti kuthetsedwa kwa zankhondo kokha kungaletsedi nkhondo.
Awanso ndi anthu omwe kutsogolera ndi kupyola mu WWII adakakamiza maboma a US ndi Britain, popanda kupambana, kuvomereza chiwerengero chachikulu cha othawa kwawo achiyuda m'malo mowalola kuti aphedwe. Chifukwa chimene ena mwa omenyera nkhondo ameneŵa anavutikira m’kati mwa nkhondoyo chinakhaladi, zaka zingapo nkhondoyo itatha, chimene chinachititsa kuti nkhani zabodza za pambuyo pa nkhondo zioneke ngati zachitika.
Awa ndi anthu omwe adayenda ndikuwonetsa kwa zaka zambiri motsutsana ndi mpikisano wa zida ndikumangirira pang'onopang'ono kunkhondo ndi Japan, zomwe wophunzira aliyense wabwino waku US angakuuzeni kuti sizinachitikepo, popeza wosauka wosalakwa United States adadabwa ndi kuwukira komwe adachokera. kumwamba koyera. Chifukwa chake, ndimatenga zolembedwa za omenyera mtendere mu 1930s mozama. Anapangitsa kuti nkhondo yopindulitsa ikhale yochititsa manyazi ndi mtendere. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse inathetsa zonsezi, koma nchiyani chimene sichinathe?
M’bukuli timawerenga za zoopsa zatsopano za WWI: sitima zapamadzi, akasinja, ndege, ndi ziphe. Tikuwona kumvetsetsa kuti kuyankhula za nkhondo zakale ndi nkhondo yaposachedwa iyi monga zitsanzo za zamoyo zomwezo zinali kusokeretsa. Titha tsopano, kuyang'ana zoopsa zatsopano za WWII ndi mazana a nkhondo zomwe zatsatira: nukes, mizinga, drones, ndi kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa anthu wamba ndi chilengedwe, ndikukayikira ngati nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi ziwiri. zitsanzo za chinthu chomwecho nkomwe, kaya ziyenera kuganiziridwa m'gulu lomwelo monga nkhondo masiku ano, komanso ngati chizolowezi choganiza za nkhondo m'mawu a WWI chisanayambe chimapirira chifukwa cha umbuli kapena chinyengo mwadala.
Olembawa amatsutsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa nkhondo pazomwe amachita kuti apange chidani ndi mabodza, chifukwa cha zotsatira zake pamakhalidwe. Amayimba mlandu woti nkhondo zimabweretsa nkhondo zambiri, kuphatikiza nkhondo ya Franco-Prussian ya 1870 kuswana Pangano lowopsa la Versailles pambuyo pa WWI. Amapanganso mlandu woti WWI idayambitsa Kukhumudwa Kwakukulu - lingaliro lodabwitsa kwa ophunzira ambiri aku US, aliyense amene angakuuzeni kuti WWII inathetsa Kukhumudwa Kwakukulu.
Kwa iye, Eleanor Roosevelt, m'bukuli, akunena kuti nkhondo iyenera kuthetsedwa chifukwa chokhulupirira mfiti komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nkhondoyi kwatha. Tangoganizirani kusudzulana kosokoneza komanso komwe kungatsatire mnzake wandale aliyense waku US yemwe anena izi lero? Pamapeto pake, ichi ndi chifukwa choyamba chowerengera zolemba zanthawi ina: kuphunzira zomwe zinali zololedwa kunena modabwitsa.
