"Nkhondo ya ku Vietnam" - Zolemba Kapena Epic Of Fiction?

kuchokera Moon Over Alabama, September 20, 2017.

Arte TV dzulo anasonyeza mbali zoyamba za Nkhondo ya Vietnam ndi Ken Burns ndi Lynn Novick. Imathamanganso on PBS.

Zigawo zitatu zoyambirira za magawo khumi a "documentary" ndizofotokozera zolinga za ndale zomwe zinagulitsa nkhondo kwa anthu. Machenjerero a CIA ndi ankhondo "zakuya" kumbuyo kwawo sikufufuzidwa koma kubisidwa.

Ndemanga mu gawo loyambalo ikunena kuti inali "nkhondo yapachiweniweni" ya Vietnamese motsutsana ndi Vietnamese. Izo ndi zamkhutu za mbiri yakale. Pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa atsamunda (a US ndalama) ku France ku 1954, mtsogoleri wa Viet-minh Ho Chi Min anali ngwazi yosatsutsika ya Vietnam yonse. Akanapambana masankho aliwonse ndi mipata yambiri. Koma aku Russia (ndi aku China) ochirikiza nkhondo yachipulumutso yolimbana ndi a French sanafune kuyenda mtunda wotsiriza ndikuumirira pazokambirana ku Geneva. Iwo analola kugawanika kwa dziko. Zikanakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa chifukwa chake.

"Zolemba" zimawoneka ngati wolamulira wakumwera waku Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem adawonekera kuchokera kumwamba m'malo moyikidwa ndi CIA. Izo zinamuyika iye mu malo ake. Zinathandizira kukonza "zisankho" zomwe zidamupatsa mavoti oseketsa 98.2%. Izo zinamuthandizira iye ndalama. Nkhaniyi ili ndi arch-imperialist Leslie Gelb, yemwe anali mbali ya dziko lakuya lomwe linapanga ndikuyendetsa nkhondoyo, kulengeza kuti "tinachita zomwe Diem adanena". Zimenezo ndi zopanda pake. Diem anali wolamulira wankhanza koma sakanapulumuka tsiku limodzi popanda thandizo la US ndi chitetezo.

Gawo lachiwiri ndi ulemu wosayenera wa Kennedy ndi antchito ake "anzeru". McNamara amayamikiridwa kwambiri. Koma maganizo ake olimbana ndi nyemba analibe mphamvu yoweruza khalidwe la munthu ndi zolinga zake. Zimenezo zinali ndi zotulukapo zowopsa. Nkhondoyo ikuwonetsedwa ngati kumenyera "ufulu" ndi "communism". Awa anali malo ogulitsa a Kennedy koma analibe chochita ndi zomwe zidachitika. Kennedy, monga Johnson pambuyo pake, amayendetsedwa ndi mfundo zapakhomo. Iye ankafuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zapakhomo. Zosankha zake zaku Vietnam zinali zongobisala zomuwukira chifukwa chokhala "wofooka".

Gawo lachitatu limayeretsa bodza la Gulf of Tonkin. Ndizomveka bwino pazomwe zidachitika, koma zimalankhula za kubwezera kwa US 2". "Kuukira kosayembekezereka" kwa asitikali aku Vietnamese pazombo za US kunali kopeka. Chigamulo cha Congress '"Tonkin" chomwe chinakulitsa nkhondoyo chinakonzedwa ndi antchito a Johnson miyezi iwiri "chochitika"cho chisanachitike. Chiwonetsero cha "Tonkin" chinakhazikitsidwa kuti chikankhire. Cholinga chachikulu chakukweraku chinali kuti Johnson asinthidwenso. Monga Kennedy adadziwa kuti nkhondoyo idamenyedwa ndi gulu lomenyera ufulu wadziko komanso losapambana. Koma “kuyankha” kwake pa “chochitika”cho kunamupangitsa kuwoneka wamphamvu. Iye adapambana panjira yopambana.

Konse ndakhumudwitsidwa ndi mndandanda. Imapangidwa bwino pamakanema, koma ilibe mbiri yakale. Palibe kafukufuku wozama pazifukwa za ndale m'boma la US. M'malo mwake timapeza kubwereza kwa mawu otsatsa omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kugulitsa zisankho. Masewera ankhondo ndi a CIA, komanso bizinesi yamankhwala ku Vietnam yomwe adalandira kuchokera ku France, adasiyidwa. Zolinga ndi njira za Vietnam-minh zimapeza chivundikiro chochepa kwambiri, monganso moyo wapachiweniweni ku Vietnam panthawi yankhondo.

Komanso palibenso ndemanga pa zolimbikitsa ndi malingaliro a mayiko omwe adathandizira Viet-minh. Zosungira zakale za Soviet ndi China zatsegulidwa. Koma palibe chimene chimanenedwa ponena za zilakolako zawo ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe amaika kunkhondo. Zolemba zenizeni za nkhondoyo zingaphatikizepo malingaliro awo. Mawu akuti "anti-communist" ndi "domino theory" anali ndipo akugwiritsidwabe ntchito kugulitsa nkhondo kwa anthu aku US. Kodi zokambirana zomwe zidachitika ku Moscow ndi Beijing zingatsutsane nazo?

Mawu ena ovuta kwambiri pamndandanda:

Jeff Stein ndi Newsweek: Nkhondo yaku Vietnam: New Ken Burns Documentary Imatsutsa Zoyambira Zachabechabe, Kusamvana Kwambiri

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Burns ndi Novick akuwonekera momveka bwino kuti ngakhale kuti nkhondoyi ikutsutsana kwambiri, osati pakati pa achinyamata okha, kuwonjezereka kwa anthu a ku America adanena kuti amakhulupirira. Adathandizira a Ohio National Guard kuwombera ophunzira ku Kent State. Kuvomera kwawo dzanzi kudagwidwa modabwitsa ndi Nixon ndi mawu ake oti 'ambiri achete'. … [Sindikusiya kukayikira kuti kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha zaka za m'ma 1960 - 'zotsutsa' za Merrill McPeak - zinali zomasulidwa kwa anthu ochepa komanso zomwe zinasiya magawano ku America zomwe zikuwonekerabe pachisankho cha 2016.

Yolembedwa ndi b pa Seputembara 20, 2017 pa 08:44 AM | Permalink