Ndi David Swanson
Pa February 12, 2018, I anakambirana Pete Kilner pa mutu wakuti "Kodi Nkhondo Zingakhale Zomveka?" (Kumalo: Radford University; Moderator Glen Martin; wojambula vidiyo Zachary Lyman). Nayi kanema:
Zosokoneza zokamba ziwiri:
Pete Kilner ndi mlembi komanso mtsogoleri wa zankhondo omwe adatumikira zaka zoposa 28 mu Army monga mwana wamwamuna ndi pulofesa ku US Military Academy. Anagwiritsa ntchito maulendo angapo ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan kuti azichita kafukufuku pa utsogoleri wa nkhondo. Wophunzira wa West Point, akugwira MA mu Philosophy kuchokera ku Virginia Tech ndi Ph.D. mu maphunziro ochokera Penn State.
David Swanson ndi wolemba, wogwirizira, wolemba nkhani, ndi wolandira wailesi. Iye ndiye mtsogoleri wa WorldBeyondWar.org. Mabuku a Swanson akuphatikizapo Nkhondo Ndi Bodza ndi Nkhondo Silipo. Iye ndi 2015, 2016, 2017 Wopatsa Mtendere wa Nobel. Iye amagwira MA mu filosofi kuchokera ku UVA.
Ndani adapambana?
Asanatsutsane, anthu m'chipindacho adapemphedwa kuti anene pa intaneti zomwe zikuwonetsa zotsatira pazenera ngati akuganiza yankho loti "Kodi Nkhondo Ingakhale Yoyenera?" anali inde, ayi, kapena sanali kutsimikiza. Anthu makumi awiri ndi asanu adavota: 68% inde, 20% ayi, 12% osatsimikiza. Pambuyo pa mtsutsano funso lidafunsidwanso. Anthu makumi awiri adavota: 40% inde, 45% ayi, 15% osatsimikiza. Chonde gwiritsani ntchito ndemanga pansipa kuti muwone ngati zokambiranazi zakusunthirani mbali ina.
Awa ndiwo mau anga okonzekera kutsutsana:
Zikomo chifukwa chotsutsana pamtsutsowu. Chilichonse chomwe ndikunena mwachidule ichi chidzabweretsa mafunso ambiri kuposa momwe amayankhira, ambiri mwa iwo ndakhala ndikuyesera kuyankha motalika m'mabuku ndipo zambiri zomwe zalembedwa pa davidswanson.org.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndikuti nkhondo ndiyotheka. Sizinatiuzidwe ndi majini kapena mphamvu zakunja. Mitundu yathu yakhala ikuzungulira zaka zosachepera 200,000, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chingatchulidwe kuti nkhondo sichiposa 12,000. Kufikira pomwe anthu amangofuula wina ndi mnzake ndikupukutira timitengo ndi malupanga atha kutchedwa kuti chinthu chomwecho ngati munthu wokhala pa desiki wokhala ndi chomenyera chomenyera kutumiza mizinga kumidzi yomwe ili pakati padziko lonse lapansi, chinthu chomwe timachitcha kuti nkhondo sichinapezekenso alipo m'moyo waumunthu. Madera ambiri achita popanda izi.
Lingaliro lakuti nkhondo ndi yachibadwa ndi, moona, yonyenga. Kulimbitsa thupi kwakukulu kofunika kuti anthu akonze nawo nkhondo, ndipo kuvutika maganizo kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo chiwerengero chodzipha kwambiri, ndi chofala pakati pa omwe adatenga mbali. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, palibe munthu mmodzi yemwe amadziwika kuti adandaula kwambiri ndi khalidwe labwino kapenanso kusokonezeka maganizo chifukwa cha vuto la nkhondo.
Nkhondo siyigwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kapena kuchepa kwa zinthu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndimagulu ovomereza kwambiri. United States ili pamwamba, ndipo mwazinthu zina, ikulamulira pamwamba pamndandandawo. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti anthu aku US, pakati pa mayiko olemera, ndi omwe amathandizira kwambiri -kutheka- "koyambirira" kuwukira mayiko ena. Kafukufuku apezanso kuti ku US 44% ya anthu akuti amenya nkhondo pomenyera dziko lawo, pomwe m'maiko ambiri omwe ali ndi moyo wofanana kapena wapamwamba mayankho amenewo ali pansi pa 20%.
Chikhalidwe cha ku US chadzaza ndi zankhondo, ndipo boma la US ladzipereka kwathunthu, limagwiritsa ntchito chimodzimodzi padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale ambiri omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri amakhala ogwirizana omwe US akukakamiza kuti agwiritse ntchito zochulukirapo. M'malo mwake, dziko lina lililonse padziko lapansi limagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana $ 0 pachaka zomwe mayiko ngati Costa Rica kapena Iceland akugwiritsa ntchito kuposa $ 1 trilioni imodzi yomwe US imagwiritsa ntchito United States ili ndi malo ena 800 m'maiko ena, pomwe mayiko ena onse Dziko lapansi limodzi limasunga mabungwe angapo akunja. Chiyambireni nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, United States yapha kapena kuthandiza kupha anthu pafupifupi 20 miliyoni, kugwetsa maboma osachepera 36, kulowerera zisankho zakunja 84, kuyesa kupha atsogoleri akunja 50, ndikuponya bomba kwa anthu m'maiko opitilira 30. Kwa zaka 16 zapitazi, United States yakhala ikuwononga dera ladziko lonse lapansi, ikuphulitsa mabomba ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Libya, Somalia, Yemen, ndi Syria. United States ili ndi otchedwa "magulu apadera" omwe akugwira ntchito magawo awiri mwa atatu am'mayiko onse.
Ndikawonera masewera a basketball pa TV, zinthu ziwiri ndizotsimikizika. UVA ipambana. Ndipo alengezi athokoza asitikali aku US powonera kuchokera kumayiko 175. Ndiwopadera ku America. Mu 2016 funso loyambitsa mkangano wapurezidenti linali "Kodi mungakonde kupha mazana ndi zikwi za ana osalakwa?" Ndiwopadera ku America. Izi sizimachitika mumikangano yazisankho komwe 96% ya anthu amakhala. Magazini akumayiko akunja aku US akukambirana zakumenya North Korea kapena Iran. Izi, nazonso, ndizapadera ku America. Otsatsa mayiko ambiri omwe adafunsidwa mu 2013 ndi a Gallup adatcha United States kuti ndiyoopseza mtendere padziko lapansi. Mpando apezeka maganizowa adawonjezeka mu 2017.
Chifukwa chake, dziko lino lili ndi ndalama zambiri modabwitsa pankhondo, ngakhale kuli kutali ndi kotentha kokha. Koma zingatenge chiyani kuti pakhale nkhondo yoyenera? Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chankhondo chokha, nkhondo iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zingapo, zomwe ndikuwona kuti zikugwera m'magulu atatuwa: osachita zamatsenga, zamakhalidwe, komanso zosatheka. Ponena zopanda tanthauzo, ndimatanthauza zinthu monga "cholinga choyenera," "chifukwa choyenera," ndi "kufanana." Boma lanu likati kuphulitsa nyumba komwe ISIS imayika ndalama kumalungamitsira kupha anthu mpaka 50, palibe mgwirizano, njira zamphamvu zoyankhira Ayi, 49, kapena 6 yokha, kapena mpaka anthu 4,097 atha kuphedwa.
Kuphatikizapo chifukwa chenicheni cha nkhondo, monga kutha kwa ukapolo, sichikufotokozera zonse zomwe zimayambitsa nkhondo, ndipo sichichita chilichonse choyenera nkhondo. Panthawi yomwe dziko lalikulu linathetsa ukapolo ndi serfdom popanda nkhondo, mwachitsanzo, kudzinenera kuti chifukwa cha nkhondo sichinthu cholemetsa.
Malingana ndi malamulo a amoral, ndikutanthauza zinthu monga kulengeza poyera ndi kuchitidwa ndi akuluakulu ovomerezeka ndi oyenerera. Izi sizinthu za makhalidwe abwino. Ngakhale m'dziko limene ife tinali ndi maulamuliro ovomerezeka ndi oyenerera, sangapangitse nkhondo panopa. Kodi aliyense akuwona ngati banja la Yemen likubisala mofulumira komanso likuyamikira kuti drone yatumizidwa kwa iwo ndi ovomerezeka?
Mwa zosatheka, ndikutanthauza zinthu monga "kukhala njira yomaliza," "kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chodzapambana", "kuteteza osagwirizana nawo kuti asawukire," "kulemekeza asitikali ankhondo ngati anthu," komanso "kuchitira akaidi ankhondo ngati osachita nawo nkhondo." Kunena kuti chinthu "chomaliza" kwenikweni ndikungonena kuti ndiye lingaliro labwino kwambiri, osati lingaliro lokhalo lomwe muli nalo. Nthawi zonse pamakhala malingaliro ena omwe aliyense angaganize, ngakhale mutakhala ngati aku Afghanistan kapena aku Iraq omwe akuukiridwa. Kafukufuku wonga uja wa Erica Chenoweth ndi Maria Stephan apeza kuti kukana mwankhanza kuponderezana kwapakhomo ngakhale akunja kuli kotheka kuwirikiza kawiri, ndipo kupambana kumeneku kumakhala kwanthawi yayitali. Titha kuyang'ana kupambana, ena pang'ono, ena kwathunthu, motsutsana ndi kuwukira kwakunja, mzaka zapitazi muulamuliro wa Nazi ku Denmark ndi Norway, ku India, Palestine, Western Sahara, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine, ndi zina zambiri, motsutsana ndi maboma omwe nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi akunja.
Chiyembekezo changa ndi chakuti, pamene anthu amaphunzira zida za kusagwirizana ndi mphamvu zawo, amakhulupirira kwambiri ndikusankha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, zomwe zidzakulitsa mphamvu yachisangalalo muziyendetsa bwino. Panthawi ina ndikutha kuona anthu akuseka lingaliro lakuti kulamulira kolamulira kwina kwakunja kudzasokoneza ndi kukhala ndi mtundu kakhumi kawiri kwake, wodzaza ndi anthu odzipereka osagwirizana nawo omwe amakhala nawo. Panopa, ndimaseka nthawi zambiri pamene anthu amanditumizira imelo ndiopseza kuti ndikapanda kuthandizira nkhondo ndikuyenera kukonzekera kuyamba kulankhula North Korea kapena zomwe amachitcha "chiyankhulo cha ISIS." Kuwonjezera pa kupezeka kwa izi zilankhulo, lingaliro lakuti aliyense adzalandira a 300 milioni Achimerika kuti aphunzire chinenero china chachilendo, mochuluka chitani izi pamfuti, pafupi ndikundipangitsa ine kulira. Sindingathe kumangoganizira momwe zipolowe zankhondo zoperewera zingakhalire ngati onse a ku America adziwa zinenero zambiri.
Kupitiliza ndi njira zosatheka, bwanji za kulemekeza munthu poyesera kuti mumuphe iye? Pali njira zambiri zolemekezera munthu, koma palibe imodzi yomwe ingakhalepo nthawi imodzi ndikuyesera kumupha. M'malo mwake, ndimakhala pansi pomwe pa anthu omwe amandilemekeza omwe akufuna kundipha. Kumbukirani kuti malingaliro ankhondo okha adayamba ndi anthu omwe amakhulupirira kuti kupha winawake kumawachitira zabwino. Ndipo osamenya nawo nkhondo ndiwo ambiri ovulala pankhondo zamakono, chifukwa chake sangatetezedwe. Ndipo palibe chiyembekezo chokwanira chazopambana - gulu lankhondo laku US latsala pang'ono kutayika.
Koma chifukwa chachikulu chomwe palibe nkhondo chingakhoze kulungamitsidwa sikuti palibe nkhondo yomwe ingakhoze kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za nkhondo yongopeka, koma osati kuti nkhondo siichichitika, ndi chikhazikitso.
Anthu ambiri ku US avomereza kuti nkhondo zambiri zaku US zakhala zopanda chilungamo, koma amati chilungamo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndipo nthawi zina chimodzi kapena ziwiri kuyambira pamenepo. Ena amangoti sikuti pali nkhondo zokha, koma agwirizane ndi anthu ambiri poganiza kuti pangakhale nkhondo yoyenera tsiku lililonse. Ndiko kuganiza komwe kumapha anthu ambiri kuposa nkhondo zonse. Boma la US limagwiritsa ntchito $ 1 trilioni pankhondo ndikukonzekera nkhondo chaka chilichonse, pomwe 3% ya zomwe zitha kuthetsa njala, ndipo 1% itha kuthetsa kusowa kwa madzi akumwa oyera padziko lonse lapansi. Bajeti yankhondo ndiye malo okha omwe ali ndi zinthu zofunikira kuyesetsa kuteteza nyengo yapadziko lapansi. Miyoyo yambiri yatayika ndikuwonongeka chifukwa cholephera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama kuposa nkhanza zankhondo. Ndipo ambiri atayika kapena amaika pachiwopsezo pazotsatira zoyipa zachiwawa kuposa momwemo. Nkhondo ndi kukonzekera nkhondo ndizowononga kwambiri zachilengedwe. Maiko ambiri padziko lapansi amawotcha mafuta ochepa kuposa asitikali aku US. Malo ambiri omwe amawonongedwa ndi ndalama zambiri ngakhale ku US ali m'malo oyambira ankhondo. Kukhazikitsa nkhondo ndiko kusokoneza kwambiri ufulu wathu ngakhale nkhondo zikagulitsidwa pansi pa mawu oti "ufulu." Bungweli limatipangitsa kukhala osauka, kuwopseza malamulo, komanso kunyoza chikhalidwe chathu mwa kuyambitsa ziwawa, tsankho, gulu lankhondo la apolisi, komanso kuwunika anthu ambiri. Bungweli limatiyika tonse pachiwopsezo cha ngozi ya zida za nyukiliya. Ndipo zimaika pachiwopsezo, m'malo moteteza, magulu omwe amachita izi.
Malinga ndi Washington Post, Pulezidenti Trump anafunsa Mlembi wa otchedwa Defense James Mattis chifukwa chake ayenera kutumiza asilikali ku Afghanistan, ndipo Mattis anayankha kuti ndizoletsa mabomba ku Times Square. Koma munthu yemwe anayesera kuwombera Times Square mu 2010 adati akuyesera kuti asilikali a US achoke ku Afghanistan.
Dziko la North Korea kuyesa kutenga dziko la United States lidzafuna kuti likhale lalikulu kwambiri kuposa asilikali a North Korea. Kuti North Korea iwononge US, kodi ikanathadi, idzipha? Kodi zingatheke? Tawonani zomwe CIA inanenapo US asanayambe ku Iraq: Iraq idzagwiritsa ntchito zida zake pokhapokha zikadzaukira. Kupatula zida zomwe sizinalipo, izo zinali zolondola.
Nkhanza zakhala zikuchitika kuwonjezeka panthawi ya nkhondo yauchigawenga (monga momwe zilili ndi Global Terrorism Index). 99.5% ya zigawenga zikuchitika m'mayiko omwe akulimbana ndi nkhondo komanso / kapena kuzunzidwa monga kundende popanda kuimbidwa mlandu, kuzunza, kapena kupha osayeruzika. Chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri chauchigawenga chiri chomwe chimatchedwa "ufulu" ndi "democratized" Iraq ndi Afghanistan. Magulu a zigawenga omwe amachititsa uchigawenga (kutanthauza kuti, osati a boma, nkhanza zolimbikitsa zandale) kuzungulira dziko lapansi akhala akulimbana ndi nkhondo za US kugawenga. Nkhondo zimenezo zachititsa ambiri akuluakulu a boma apamwamba a US ndi maboma angapo a boma la US kuti afotokoze nkhanza zankhondo monga zopanda phindu, monga kulenga adani ambiri kuposa omwe anaphedwa. 95% ya zigawenga zonse zodzipha zikuchitidwa pofuna kulimbikitsa anthu akunja kuti achoke kwawo. Ndipo phunziro la FBI ku 2012 linati mkwiyo wa US ku mayiko akunja unali chikhalidwe chodziwika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe anali nawo pa milandu yotchedwa terrorist homegrown ku United States.
Zoona zindithandiza kumvetsetsa izi zitatu:
1) Kugawenga kwachilendo ku United States kungathetsedwe mwa kusunga asilikali a US kudziko lina lomwe si United States.
2) Ngati dziko la Canada likufuna zotsutsana ndi magulu a zigawenga ku Canada pamlingo wa US kapena kuti akufuna kuopsezedwa ndi North Korea, ziyenera kuwonjezereka kwambiri kuphulika kwa mabomba, kugwira ntchito, ndi zomangamanga padziko lonse lapansi.
3) Pa chitsanzo cha nkhondo yauchigawenga, nkhondo ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, yomwe imabweretsa mankhwala ambiri, komanso nkhondo yothetsera umphawi yomwe ikuwoneka kuti ikuwonjezera umphawi, ndibwino kuti tiganizire kuyambitsa nkhondo pa chitukuko chosatha ndi chimwemwe.
Mwachidziwikire, kuti nkhondo ku North Korea, mwachitsanzo, ikhale yoyenera, US sakanayenera kuchita izi pazaka zambiri kuti apewe mtendere ndi kuyambitsa mikangano, iyenera kuukiridwa mosalakwa, iyenera kutaya kuthekera kolingalira kotero kuti palibe njira zina zomwe zingaganiziridwe, kuyenera kutanthauzanso "kupambana" kuphatikiza zomwe nyengo yachisanu ya nyukiliya ingapangitse kuti dziko lapansi lisaleke kulima kapena kudya (mwa njira, Keith Payne, wolemba buku latsopano la Nuclear Posture Review, mu 1980, potchulira Dr. Strangelove, kutanthauzira kupambana kulola anthu aku America okwana 20 miliyoni ndi osakhala Amereka opanda malire), ziyenera kupanga mabomba omwe amapulumutsa osagwirizana nawo, ziyenera kupanga njira zolemekezera anthu powapha, komanso nkhondo yankhondo iyi Tiyenera kuchita zabwino zochulukirapo kuwononga zonse zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pokonzekera nkhondo yotereyi, kuwonongeka konse kwachuma, kuwonongeka konse kwandale, kuwonongeka konse kwa nthaka, madzi, ndi nyengo, kufa konse ndi njala ndi matenda omwe akadapulumutsidwa mosavuta, kuphatikiza zowopsa zonse zankhondo zopanda chilungamo zomwe zimakonzedwa ndikukonzekera nkhondo yolakalaka, kuphatikiza chiwopsezo cha apocalypse yanyukiliya yopangidwa ndi kuyambitsa nkhondo. Palibe nkhondo yomwe ingakwaniritse miyezo imeneyi.
Zomwe zimatchedwa "nkhondo zothandiza anthu," zomwe ndi zomwe Hitler adatcha kuwukira kwake ku Poland ndi NATO adatcha kuwukira kwawo kwa Libya, sikuti, zimangofanana ndi lingaliro lankhondo chabe. Komanso sizipindulitsa anthu. Zomwe asitikali aku US ndi Saudi akuchita ku Yemen ndi tsoka lachiwawa kwambiri kwazaka zambiri. US imagulitsa kapena imapereka zida kwa 73% mwa olamulira mwankhanza padziko lapansi, ndikuphunzitsa ambiri a iwo usitikali wankhondo. Kafukufuku apeza kuti palibe kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pa kuzunza ufulu wachibadwidwe mdziko muno komanso mwayi wakubwera kwa azungu mdzikolo. Kafukufuku wina apeza kuti mayiko omwe amalowetsa mafuta ali ndi mwayi wochulukirapo ku 100 pomenya nawo nkhondo zapachiweniweni zamayiko omwe amatumiza mafuta. M'malo mwake, mafuta omwe dziko limatulutsa kapena kukhala ndi zochulukirapo, zimachulukitsa mwayi wothandizirana ndi ena.
A US, monga wina aliyense wopanga nkhondo, ayenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti asapeze mtendere.
A US akhala akutsutsa zaka zokambirana za mtendere ku Syria.
Mu 2011, kotero kuti NATO ingayambe kupha mabomba ku Libya, bungwe la African Union linaletsedwa ndi NATO pakupereka ndondomeko ya mtendere ku Libya.
Mu 2003, dziko la Iraq linali loyenera kuyang'aniridwa mopanda malire kapena ngakhale kuchoka kwa purezidenti wawo, malinga ndi magwero ambiri, kuphatikiza purezidenti waku Spain yemwe Purezidenti Bush waku US adamuuza zomwe a Hussein achoka.
Mu 2001, Afghanistan inali yotsegulira Osama Bin Laden ku dziko lachitatu kuti ayesedwe.
Mu 1999, dipatimenti ya State of US idakhazikitsa dongosololi mokweza, ndikulimbikitsa ufulu wa NATO wolanda Yugoslavia yonse, kuti Serbia isavomereze, chifukwa chake akuyenera kuphulitsidwa bomba.
Mu 1990, boma la Iraq linali lofunitsitsa kukambirana kuchoka ku Kuwait. Ilo linapempha kuti Israeli nawonso achoke ku madera a Palestina ndipo icho chomwecho ndi dera lonse, kuphatikizapo Israeli, akupereka zida zonse zakuwononga kwambiri. Maboma ambiri adalimbikitsa kuti zokambiranazo zichitike. A US anasankha nkhondo.
Bwerera mmbuyo kupyola mu mbiriyakale. Dziko la United States linaletsa zopempha za mtendere ku Vietnam. Soviet Union inakambirana zokambirana za mtendere pamaso pa nkhondo ya Korea. Spain inkafuna kumira kwa USS Maine kuti apite kukamenyana kwapadziko lonse pamaso pa nkhondo ya Spanish American. Mexico inali wokonzeka kukambirana za kugulitsa kwa theka lake la kumpoto. Mulimonsemo, nkhondo yosankhika ya US.
Mtendere sungawoneke kukhala wovuta kwambiri ngati anthu atasiya kuyesetsa kupewa izi - monga Mike Pence mchipinda china ndi North Korea kuyesera kuti asawonetse kuzindikira zakupezeka kwake. Ndipo ngati tisiya kuwalola kuti atiwopsyeze. Mantha amatha kupanga mabodza komanso kuganiza mopepuka kukhulupilika. Tiyenera kulimba mtima! Tiyenera kutaya kuyerekezera chitetezo chathunthu chomwe chimatipangitsa kuti tipeze ngozi zowonjezereka!
Ndipo ngati United States ikadakhala ndi demokalase, m'malo mophulitsa anthu m'dzina la demokalase, sindiyenera kukopa aliyense. Anthu aku US amakonda kale zochepetsedwa zankhondo ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zokambirana. Kusunthaku kumatha kuyambitsa mpikisano wamiyendo wotsutsana. Ndipo mpikisano wobwezeretsanso zidawu ungatsegule maso ochulukirapo kuthekera kopitabe patsogolo mu njirayo - kulunjika kwa zomwe zikufunika pamakhalidwe, zomwe zikufunika kuti dziko lapansi likhazikike, zomwe tiyenera kutsatira ngati tikufuna kukhala ndi moyo: wathunthu kuthetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa nkhondo.
Mfundo inanso: Ndikanena kuti nkhondo siyingakhale yolungamitsidwa, ndikulolera kuvomereza kuti sindimatsutsana pazankhondo zam'mbuyomu ngati tingavomerezane za nkhondo mtsogolo. Ndiye kuti, ngati mukuganiza kuti zida zanyukiliya zisanachitike, asanagonjetsedwe mwalamulo, asanafike kumapeto kwa atsamunda, komanso kumvetsetsa kwamphamvu za nkhanza, nkhondo ina ngati Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse inali yoyenera, sindimagwirizana, ndipo Ndikutha kukuwuzani chifukwa chake pamapeto pake, koma tiyeni tigwirizane kuti tsopano tikukhala m'dziko lina lomwe Hitler sakhala komanso momwe tiyenera kuthetseratu nkhondo ngati mitundu yathu ikupitilira.
Zachidziwikire, ngati mukufuna kubwerera ku Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, bwanji osabwereranso ku WWI, zomaliza zomvetsa chisoni zomwe owonera anzeru ananeneratu za WWII pamalopo? Bwanji osabwerera kumayiko akumadzulo kuthandizira Nazi Germany m'ma 1930? Titha kuyang'ana moona mtima pankhondo yomwe US sinawopsezedwe, komanso zomwe Purezidenti wa US amayenera kunama kuti athandizidwe, nkhondo yomwe idapha anthu kangapo kunkhondo monga adaphedwa m'misasa ya Nazi. Nkhondo yomwe idatsata kumadzulo kukana kulandira Ayuda omwe Hitler amafuna kuthamangitsa, nkhondo yomwe idayambika chifukwa chokwiyitsa a Japan, osadabwa. Tiyeni tiphunzire mbiriyakale mmalo mwa nthano, koma tiyeni tizindikire kuti titha kusankha kuchita bwino kuposa mbiri yathu mtsogolo.
