Novembala 11th ku United States amadziwika ndi kuwonongedwa ndi tchuthi chomwe posachedwa dzina lake lidasinthidwa kukhala "Veterans Day" ndipo cholinga chake chidasinthidwa ndikusandulika kukhala chikondwerero cha nkhondo. Chaka chino "Msonkhano wa Vuto”Idzachitikira pa National Mall ku Washington, DC
Mubokosi kumanja kuli mawu ochepa kuchokera patsamba la konsati. "Zikomo chifukwa cha ntchito yanu" komanso "Thandizani asitikali" ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa anthu kuti athandizire nkhondo osaganizira ngati akuyenera kuthandizira nkhondo. Zindikirani kuti muyenera kuthokoza omenyera nkhondo poyamba ndi kuwafunsa kuti anali mndani yankhondo komanso zomwe adachita pambuyo pake. Bwanji ngati mukutsutsa nkhondo? Kapena bwanji ngati mukutsutsana ndi nkhondo zina kapena njira zina?
Nazi izi yankho losokonezeka kwa Concert for Valor kuchokera kwa msirikali wakale yemwe amadwala chifukwa chothokoza chifukwa cha zomwe amatchedwa:
“Palibe funso kuti tiyenera kulemekeza anthu omwe amamenyera chilungamo komanso ufulu. Omenyera ufulu wakale ambiri adalembetsa usirikali akuganiza kuti akutumikiradi chifukwa chabwino, ndipo si zonama kunena kuti adamenya nkhondo molimba mtima abale ndi alongo kumanzere ndi kumanja kwawo. Tsoka ilo, zolinga zabwino panthawiyi sizilowa m'malo mwa ndale zabwino. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi mantha ikupita mchaka cha 14th. Ngati mukufunadi kukambirana za "kudziwitsa anthu," ndi zaka zapitazi nthawi yomwe aliyense pano angathe kunamizira kuti ana azaka 18 akupita kukapha ndi kufa pazifukwa zomveka. Nanga bwanji konsati zingapo kuti mumveketse izi?
Ndikubwereza pano china chomwe ndidanena Nkhondo Ndi Bodza:
Nyumba yowonongeka imatanthauzira msilikali motere: (ndipo imamasulira heroine mofanana, m'malo mwa "mkazi" kuti "mwamuna"):
"1. munthu wolimba mtima kapena luso lapadera, wolemekezeka chifukwa cha zochita zake molimba mtima ndi makhalidwe abwino.
"2. munthu yemwe, mwa lingaliro la ena, ali ndi khalidwe lachilendo kapena wapanga chithunzithunzi ndipo akuwoneka ngati chitsanzo kapena choyenera: Iye anali wolimba mtima wamba pamene adapulumutsa mwana wamadzi. . . .
"4. Mythology Wachikhalidwe.
"A. kukhala wodalirika wonga mulungu komanso wopindulitsa amene nthawi zambiri ankalemekezedwa ngati mulungu. "
Kulimbika kapena luso. Ntchito zolimba mtima ndi makhalidwe abwino. Pali china china pano osati kungokhala wolimba mtima ndi wolimba mtima, kungoyang'ana ku mantha ndi ngozi. Koma chiyani? Nkhondo imatengedwa ngati chitsanzo kapena chabwino. Mwachiwonekere munthu wina wolimba mtima yemwe adalumphira zenera la 20 sangathe kukwaniritsa tanthawuzo limeneli, ngakhale kuti kulimba mtima kwawo kunali wolimbika mtima. Kuwongolera momveka bwino kumafuna kulimba mtima komwe anthu amawoneka ngati chitsanzo kwa iwo eni ndi ena. Ziyenera kuphatikizapo luso komanso zopindulitsa. Izi ndizo, kulimba mtima sikungokhala wolimba mtima; Iyenso iyenera kukhala yabwino komanso yokoma mtima. Kutuluka kunja pazenera sikuyenerera. Funso, ndiye, ngati kupha ndi kufa mu nkhondo ziyenera kukhala zabwino ndi zokoma. Palibe amene amakayikira kuti ndi wolimba mtima komanso wolimba mtima. Koma kodi ndi chitsanzo chofanana ndi cha munthu amene anamangidwa sabata ino chifukwa cha mlanduwu kupereka chakudya kwa anjala?
Ngati muyang'ana "kulimba mtima" mu dikisitara, mwa njira, mudzapeza "kulimba mtima" ndi "kulimba mtima." Ambrose Bierce Dongosolo la Diabolosi limatanthawuza "olimba" monga
"Gulu lopanda msilikali lopanda pake, udindo, ndi chiyembekezo cha juga.
'N'chifukwa chiyani mwasiya?' adawombera mkulu wa chigawenga ku Chickamauga, yemwe adalamula kuti: 'pita patsogolo, bwana, nthawi yomweyo.'
Akuluakulu a boma, adanena kuti, 'Ndimatsimikiziranso kuti magulu anga a asilikali angawathandize kuti asokonezeke ndi adani awo.' "
Koma kodi zida zoterozo zingakhale zabwino komanso zokoma kapena zowononga komanso zopanda pake? Bierce adakhala msilikali wa mgwirizano ku Chickamauga ndipo adachoka atanyansidwa. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, zitatha kutheka kufalitsa nkhani za Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe yomwe siinayambe ndi ulemerero wopambana wa nkhondo, Bierce adafalitsa nkhani yotchedwa "Chickamauga" ku 1889 mu San Francisco Examiner zomwe zimapangitsa kutenga nawo mbali m'nkhondo yotereyo zikuwoneka kuti ndizoipa komanso zochititsa mantha zomwe munthu angachite. Asilikali ambiri akhala akuwuza nkhani zofanana.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti nkhondo, chinthu chomwe nthawi zonse chimatchulidwa ngati choipa ndi choipa, chiyenera kuyenerera ophunzira ake kuti alemekezedwe. Inde, ulemerero sukhalitsa. Veterans osokonezeka mwadzidzidzi amachotsedwa pambali pathu. Ndipotu, maulendo angapo amalembedwa pakati pa 2007 ndi 2010, asilikali amene anaonedwa kuti ndi oyenerera komanso ovomerezeka m'magulu, anachita "ulemu," ndipo analibe mbiri yakale ya mavuto a maganizo. Ndiye, povulazidwa, asilikali omwe kale anali ndi thanzi labwino anapeza kuti ali ndi matenda aumunthu omwe analipo kale, atatulutsidwa, ndipo anakana mankhwala pa zilonda zawo. Msilikali wina adatsekedwa mu chipinda mpaka adavomereza kuti alembepo kuti anali ndi matenda omwe analipo kale - ndondomeko yomwe Pulezidenti wa komiti ya Veterans Affairs Committee adaitcha "kuzunza."
Mabungwe ogwira ntchito, enieni, samagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ankhondo kapena gulu la anthu ndi ulemu kapena ulemu. Koma nthano yowonongeka, "gulu" lachidziwitso ndi woyera mtima chifukwa cha kufunitsitsa kwake kuthamangira ndikufera mumtundu womwewo waumphawi wopanda nzeru womwe umatsitsimula nthawi zonse. Inde, nyerere. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene tili ndi ubongo kukula kwake. . . chabwino, kukula kwa chinachake chochepa kuposa nyerere: amamenya nkhondo. Ndipo iwo ndi abwinoko kuposa izo kuposa momwe ife tirili.
Nyerere zimapereka nkhondo zambiri komanso zovuta kwambiri ndi bungwe laling'ono komanso zowonjezereka, kapena zomwe tingazitcha "olimba." Iwo ali okhulupirika mokwanira chifukwa chomwe palibe anthu okonda dziko lapansi angagwirizane nawo: "Zingafanane ndi kukhala ndi zolemba zojambula ku Brazil kwa iwe atabadwa, "katswiri wa zachilengedwe ndi wojambula zithunzi Mark Moffett adanena yikidwa mawaya magazini. Nyerere zidzapha nyerere zina popanda kuzizira. Nyerere zidzapanga "nsembe yopambana" popanda kukayikira. Ants adzapitiriza ndi ntchito yawo m'malo moima kuthandiza msilikali wovulazidwa.
Nyerere zomwe zimapita kutsogolo, kumene zimapha ndi kufa poyamba, ndizozing'ono komanso zofooka. Iwo amaperekedwa nsembe monga gawo la njira yopambana. "M'madera ena a nyerere, pangakhale magulu ambirimbiri a asilikali ogwira ntchito omwe akuyendetsa patsogolo pamtunda wambirimbiri wa 100." Mu imodzi mwa zithunzi za Moffett, zomwe zimasonyeza "nyerere yakupha ku Malaysia, nyerere zing'onozing'ono zikuchepa. ndi theka lalikulu ndi mdani wamkulu pakukhala ndi mdima wakuda. "Kodi a Pericles anganene chiyani pamaliro awo?
"Malinga ndi a Moffett, titha kuphunzira chinthu chimodzi kapena ziwiri kuchokera momwe nyerere zimamenyera nkhondo. Choyamba, magulu ankhondo amagwira ntchito mwadongosolo mosasamala kanthu kuti alibe lamulo lotani. ” Ndipo sipadzakhala nkhondo zomwe sizingachitike popanda kunama: "Monga anthu, nyerere zimatha kuyesetsa kuthana ndi adani mwachinyengo ndi mabodza." Pachithunzi china, "nyerere ziwiri zikuyang'anizana pofuna kutsimikizira kuti ndizabwino - zomwe, mwa mtundu uwu wa nyerere, zimadziwika ndi kutalika kwakuthupi. Koma nyerere yakumanja ili kudzanja lamanja ili itaima pamiyala kuti ikhale yolimba pamiyendo yake. ” Kodi Abe wowona mtima angavomereze?
M'malo mwake, nyerere ndi ankhondo odzipereka kotero kuti amatha kumenya nkhondo zapachiweniweni zomwe zimapangitsa kulimbana pang'ono pakati pa Kumpoto ndi Kummwera kuwoneka ngati mpira wokhudza. Mavu a parasitic, Ichneumon eumerus, amatha kumwa chisa cha nyerere ndi katulutsidwe kamankhwala komwe kumapangitsa nyerere kumenya nkhondo yapachiweniweni, theka lisa ndi theka lina. Ingoganizirani ngati tikadakhala ndi mankhwala oterewa kwa anthu, mtundu wa mankhwala-mphamvu ya Fox News. Tikadapatsa mtunduwo, kodi ankhondo onse omwe angakhalepo angakhale ngwazi kapena theka chabe la iwo? Kodi ngwazi za nyerere? Ndipo ngati sanatero, kodi ndi chifukwa cha zomwe akuchita kapena chifukwa cha zomwe akuganiza pazomwe akuchita? Nanga bwanji ngati mankhwalawa angawapangitse iwo kuganiza kuti akuika miyoyo yawo pachiswe kuti athandize moyo wamtsogolo padziko lapansi kapena kuti asunge chiswe cha demokalase?
Apa akutha Nkhondo Ndi Bodza kagawo. Kodi nyerere ndizovuta kuzimvetsetsa? Nanga bwanji ana. Bwanji ngati mphunzitsi atakopa gulu la azaka 8, osati azaka 18 kuti amenye ndikupha ndikuyika pachiwopsezo chofera chifukwa chachikulu komanso chabwino? Kodi mphunzitsiyu sangakhale wolakwa wopha anthu ambiri? Nanga bwanji za aliyense amene akukonzekera kukonzekera ana kumenya nkhondo - kuphatikiza oyang'anira ovala yunifolomu komanso opatsidwa ulemu kubwera ku Kindergartens, monga zimachitikiradi? Kodi si kusiyana pakati pa zaka 18 zakubadwa kuti tili ndi chizolowezi chowayimba mlandu, mwina pang'ono, komanso aliyense amene amachititsa kuti kupha kukhale kovuta? Kaya tiyenera kuchita chiyani kapena osafunikira kuti tisankhidwe, kuti ife tisankhe kuchitira nkhanza zakale ndi umunthu pomwe tikukana kwathunthu chikondwerero cha zomwe achita.
Nayi CODEPINK kukonzekera chiwonetsero cha Concert kwa Valor. Ndikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowemo.
Ndikulimbikitsanso kuti muzikumbukira ndikufalitsa kumvetsetsa mbiri ya Novembala 11. Apanso, ndibwereza, ndikusintha, zomwe ndidanena mu Novembala yapita:
Zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo pa ola la 11 la tsiku la 11 la mwezi wa 11 wa 1918, nkhondo inatha mu "nkhondo yothetsa nkhondo zonse." Nkhondoyo idabweretsa imfa yatsopano, chimfine, chiletso, Espionage Act, maziko a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, kuphwanya kayendetsedwe kazandale, kulambira mbendera, chiyambi cha malonjezo okhulupilika m'sukulu ndi nyimbo yadziko pamasewero. Zinabweretsa zonse koma mtendere.
Asitikali mamiliyoni 1920 anali ataphedwa kapena kuvulala ndipo enanso XNUMX miliyoni anali atatengedwa ukapolo pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Nkhondo itatha, chowonadi chowonjezeka chidayamba kupeza mabodzawo, koma kaya anthu adakhulupirirabe kapena tsopano adanyansidwa ndi mabodza okhudzana ndi nkhondo, pafupifupi munthu aliyense ku United States sanafune kuyambiranso nkhondo. Zithunzi za Yesu akuwombera Ajeremani zidatsalira pomwe mipingo pamodzi ndi ena onse tsopano akuti nkhondo ndiyolakwika. Al Jolson adalemba mu XNUMX kwa Purezidenti Harding:
"Dziko lotopa likuyembekezera
Mtendere kwamuyaya
Choncho chotsani mfutiyo
Kuchokera kwa mwana wa mayi aliyense
Ndipo kuthetsa nkhondo. "
Bungwe la Congress linapereka chisankho cha tsiku la Armistice kufuna "zochitika zolimbitsa mtendere mwa chifuno chabwino ndi kumvetsetsa ... kuyitanira anthu a ku United States kusunga tsiku ku sukulu ndi mipingo ndi miyambo yoyenera ya ubale ndi anthu ena onse." Pambuyo pake, Congress inanenanso kuti November 11th iyenera kukhala "tsiku loperekedwa chifukwa cha mtendere padziko lonse."
Pamene mapeto a nkhondo adakondwerera mwezi wa November 11th, Ankhondo akale sanachitiridwe zabwino kuposa masiku ano. Pamene omenyera nkhondo okwana 17,000 kuphatikiza mabanja awo ndi abwenzi adayenda ku Washington mu 1932 kukafuna mabhonasi awo, a Douglas MacArthur, George Patton, Dwight Eisenhower, ndi ngwazi zina za nkhondo yayikulu ikubwerayi zidawukira omenyera ufuluwo, kuphatikiza pakuchita zoyipazo ndi zomwe Saddam Hussein adzaimbidwa mlandu wosatha: "kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamankhwala kwa anthu awo." Zida zomwe adagwiritsa ntchito, monga za Hussein, zidachokera ku US A.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo ina, nkhondo yoyipa kwambiri, nkhondo yomwe sinathe mpaka pano, pomwe Congress, kutsatira nkhondo ina yomwe aiwalika - iyi ku Korea - idasintha dzina la Armistice Day kukhala Tsiku la Veterans pa Juni 1, 1954. Ndipo zinali zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi theka pambuyo pake kuti Eisenhower adatichenjeza kuti malo azankhondo azankhondo adzawonongeratu gulu lathu.
Tsiku la Veterans sichithanso, chifukwa cha anthu ambiri, tsiku lothandiza kuthetsa nkhondo kapena ngakhale kulakalaka kuthetsa kwake. Tsiku la Veterans si tsiku loti lilire kapena kukayikira chifukwa chake kudzipha ndiko kupha kwambiri asitikali aku US kapena chifukwa chomwe omenyera nkhondo ambiri alibe nyumba m'dziko lomwe mkulu wina wobisalira wamkulu akusungira $ 66 biliyoni, ndipo abwenzi ake apamtima 400 ali ndi ndalama zoposa theka ladzikolo. Palibe ngakhale tsiku lowona mtima, ngati zachisoni, kukondwerera kuti pafupifupi onse omwe akuvutika pankhondo zaku US sianthu aku America, kuti nkhondo zathu zotchedwa nkhanza zakhala mbali imodzi. M'malo mwake, ndi tsiku lokhulupirira kuti nkhondo ndiyabwino komanso yabwino. Matawuni ndi mizinda ndi mabungwe ndi mabungwe ampikisano amachitcha kuti "tsiku lothokoza ankhondo" kapena "sabata loyamikirira gulu lankhondo" kapena "mwezi wopititsa patsogolo kuphana." Chabwino, ndinapanga omaliza aja. Kungowona ngati mukusamala.
Veterans For Peace yakhazikitsa mwambo watsopano m'zaka zaposachedwa za kubwerera ku chikondwerero cha Tsiku la Zida. Iwo amapereka ngakhale chida chothandizira kuti muthe kuchita chimodzimodzi.
Ku UK, Veterans For Peace akulemba chomwe chimatchedwanso Remembrance Day, ndi Chikumbutso Lamlungu pa Novembala 9th, ndi apapa oyera ndi zikwangwani zamtendere zotsutsana ndi zomwe boma la Britain lidachita pomenya nkhondo pokumbukira nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse.
Ku North Carolina, msilikali wapamenyana wabwera nawo njira yake yomwe yopanga tsiku lililonse lokumbukira. Koma ndi omwe amakondwerera nkhondo omwe akuwoneka kuti akutsogolera zikhalidwe. Nawa pafupipafupi mawu oti "kulimba mtima" malinga ndi Google:
Bruce Springsteen azisewera ku Concert for Valor. Nthawi ina analemba mawu awa: "Nkhope ziwiri ndili nazo." Nayi yomwe ndikufuna kuloza kubetcherana siziwonetsedwa: "Chikhulupiriro chakhungu mwa atsogoleri anu kapena chilichonse chingakupheni," akutero Springsteen akuchenjeza mu kanema pansipa asanalenge nkhondo zabwino zopanda pake.
Mufunika zambiri, a Springsteen amalangiza omwe angakulembereni kapena kukulembetsani ntchito. Ngati simukupeza zambiri ku Concert for Valor, mutha kuyesa izi ziphunzitseni usiku womwewo ku Washington Peace Center.
