Bungwe la United States lomwe linakhazikitsa ndondomeko zachilendo zakunja ndi zofalitsa zake zazikulu zimagwira ntchito ndi machitidwe achinyengo omwe amavomereza milandu ya nkhondo - kapena zomwe zingatchedwe "kusintha kwachilendo," akulemba Nicolas JS Davies.
Ndi Nicolas JS Davies, Nkhani za Consortium
Katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu Diane Vaughan anayambitsa mawuwo "normalization of deviance" pamene ankafufuza za kuphulika kwa Challenger space shuttle mu 1986. Anagwiritsa ntchito kufotokoza momwe chikhalidwe cha anthu ku NASA chinalimbikitsira kunyalanyazidwa kwa chitetezo chokhazikika, chozikidwa pa physics, kupanga bwino zatsopano, zotsika. de A facto miyezo yomwe idabwera kudzalamulira ntchito zenizeni za NASA ndikupangitsa kulephera koopsa komanso koopsa.
Vaughan adasindikiza zomwe adapeza mwa iye buku lopambana mphoto, Chigamulo Choyambitsa Challenger: Ukadaulo Wowopsa, Chikhalidwe ndi Kupatuka ku NASA, zomwe, m'mawu ake, "zimasonyeza momwe zolakwika, zolakwika, ndi masoka zimapangidwira komanso zimapangidwira mwadongosolo ndi magulu a anthu" ndi "kusuntha maganizo athu kuchoka ku kufotokoza kwachidziwitso kwa wina ndi mzake ku mapangidwe a mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe - zinthu zomwe ndizovuta kuzizindikira ndikuzisintha koma zimakhudza kwambiri kupanga zisankho m'mabungwe."
Mchitidwe womwewo wa chikhalidwe ndi machitidwe a bungwe la NASA unapitilirabe mpaka kutayika kwa shuttle yachiwiri mu 2003, Diane Vaughan adasankhidwa kukhala gulu lofufuza za ngozi la NASA, lomwe mochedwa lidavomereza kuti "kukhazikika kwapambuyo" kunali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa izi. zolephera zoopsa.
Kukhazikika kwa zolakwika kuyambira pamenepo kwatchulidwa mumilandu yambiri yamakampani ndi zolephera zamabungwe, kuyambira. Kuyesa kwa Volkswagen kwa mayeso otulutsa mpweya ku zolakwika zachipatala zakupha m'zipatala. M'malo mwake, kukhazikika kwapatuka ndichiwopsezo chomwe chimapezeka nthawi zonse m'mabungwe ambiri ovuta omwe amalamulira dziko lomwe tikukhalamo masiku ano, makamaka muulamuliro womwe umapanga ndikuwongolera mfundo zakunja zaku US.
Kukhazikika kwa kupatuka ku malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imalamulira mfundo zakunja zaku US kwakhala kokulirapo. Ndipo komabe, monga m’zochitika zina, izi zavomerezedwa pang’onopang’ono monga mkhalidwe wamba, choyamba m’makonde amphamvu, ndiyeno ndi ofalitsa nkhani zamakampani ndipo potsirizira pake ndi anthu ambiri.
Kupatuka kukakhala kokhazikika mwachikhalidwe, monga momwe Vaughan adapeza mu pulogalamu yotsekera ku NASA, palibenso cheke chothandiza pazochitika zomwe zimapatuka pamiyezo yokhazikika kapena yokhazikitsidwa - pankhani ya mfundo zakunja zaku US, zomwe zingatanthauze malamulo ndi malamulo. Miyambo yamalamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, macheke ndi milingo ya ndale zadziko lathu komanso zomwe zikuchitika komanso kusintha kwa mibadwo ya akazembe ndi akazembe.
Normalizing the Abnormal
Ndi m'mabungwe ovuta omwe ali ndi vuto ndi kusinthika kwapang'onopang'ono komwe omwe ali mkati amalimbikitsidwa kuti achepetse zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndikupewa kuwunikanso kutengera zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale. Malamulo akaphwanyidwa, ochita zisankho amakumana ndi vuto lozindikira komanso lakhalidwe labwino nthawi iliyonse nkhani yomweyi ikabukanso: sangathenso kuvomereza kuti chochitacho chidzaphwanya miyezo yoyenera popanda kuvomereza kuti adaphwanya kale m'mbuyomu.
Izi sizongopeŵa manyazi a anthu komanso kuyankha pazandale kapena zachigawenga, koma chitsanzo chenicheni cha kusamvana kwachidziwitso pakati pa anthu omwe moona mtima, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amadzikonda okha, adalandira chikhalidwe chopotoka. Diane Vaughan anayerekezera kusinthasintha kwa kusokonekera ndi lamba wotanuka wa m'chiuno yemwe amangotambasulabe.
Mkati mwa unsembe waukulu womwe tsopano umayang'anira malamulo akunja a US, kupita patsogolo ndi kuchita bwino kumakhazikika pakutsata chikhalidwe chotanuka ichi chakupatuka kokhazikika. Oimba malikhweru amalangidwa kapenanso kuimbidwa mlandu, ndipo anthu amene amakayikira chikhalidwe chopotoka chomwe chilipo amasalidwa pafupipafupi komanso moyenera, osakwezedwa pamipando yopangira zisankho.
Mwachitsanzo, akuluakulu a US atavomereza "doublethink" ya Orwellian yomwe "imayang'anira kupha," kapena "manhunts" monga Mlembi wa Chitetezo a Donald Rumsfeld adawayitanira, musaphwanye nthawi yayitali zoletsa against kuphedwa, ngakhale olamulira atsopano sakanatha kubwereranso chigamulocho popanda kukakamiza chikhalidwe chopotoka kulimbana ndi mutu wolakwika ndi kusaloledwa kwa chisankho chake choyambirira.
Ndiye, kamodzi olamulira a Obama anali kuchuluka kwambiried pulogalamu ya CIA ya drone ngati m'malo mwakuba komanso kutsekeredwa kwamuyaya ku Guantanamo, zidakhala zovuta kuvomereza kuti iyi ndi mfundo yakupha munthu mopanda magazi yomwe imayambitsa mkwiyo komanso chidani ndipo sichingakwaniritse zolinga zovomerezeka zolimbana ndi uchigawenga - kapena kuvomereza. kuti zikuphwanya lamulo la UN Charter loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, monga momwe olemba nkhani apadera a UN okhudza kupha anthu mopanda chiwembu achenjeza.
Zomwe zili pazigamulo zotere ndi udindo wa maloya aboma la US omwe amawathandizira pazamalamulo, koma omwe ali otetezedwa kuti asayankhe mlandu chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwa US makhothi apadziko lonse lapansi komanso kulemekeza modabwitsa kwa makhothi aku US ku Executive Branch pankhani za "chitetezo cha dziko. ” Maloya amenewa ali ndi mwayi wapadera kwambiri pa ntchito yawo, yopereka mfundo zazamalamulo zimene sangadzawateteze pamaso pa makhoti opanda tsankho kuti apereke zikalata zovomerezeka pamilandu yankhondo.
Boma lopatuka lazakunja la US lati malamulo omwe akuyenera kuyang'anira machitidwe adziko lathu lapansi ndi "osatha" komanso "odabwitsa", monga loya wa White House adalemba mu 2004. Ndipo awa ndi malamulo omwe atsogoleri akale aku US adawona kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri kotero kuti adawayikamo kumangiriza mwalamulo mapangano a mayiko ndi malamulo a US.
Tiyeni tiwone mwachidule momwe kusintha kwanyengo kumalepheretsa mfundo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimatanthauzira ndikuvomereza mfundo zakunja za US: Charter ya UN ndi Misonkhano Yachigawo ya Geneva.
Bungwe la United Nations Charter
Mu 1945, pambuyo pa nkhondo ziŵiri zapadziko lonse zimene zinapha anthu 100 miliyoni ndi kusiya mbali yaikulu ya dziko kukhala bwinja, maboma a dziko anadzidzimuka kwambiri pamene anagwirizana kuti athetse mikangano yapadziko lonse yamtsogolo mwamtendere. Chifukwa chake Charter ya UN imaletsa kuwopseza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu ubale wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Monga Purezidenti Franklin Roosevelt adauza gawo limodzi la Congress pobwerera kuchokera ku msonkhano wa Yalta, "mapangidwe osatha a mtendere ... kwa zaka mazana ambiri - ndipo nthawizonse zalephera. "
Kuletsa kwa UN Charter motsutsana ndi chiwopsezo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatsimikizira kuletsa kwanthawi yayitali kwa nkhanza mu malamulo achikhalidwe cha Chingerezi ndi malamulo achikhalidwe chapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikulimbitsa kukana nkhondo ngati chida cha mfundo zadziko mu 1928 Kellogg Briand Pact. Oweruza a ku Nuremberg anagamula kuti, ngakhale Chigwirizano cha UN chisanayambe kugwira ntchito, chiwawa chinali kale. "supreme international crime."
Palibe mtsogoleri waku US yemwe waganiza zothetsa kapena kusintha UN Charter kuti alole nkhanza za US kapena dziko lina lililonse. Ndipo komabe US pakali pano ikuchita ntchito zapansi, kumenyedwa kwa ndege kapena kumenyedwa ndi ma drone m'maiko osachepera asanu ndi awiri: Afghanistan; Pakistan; Iraq; Syria; Yemen; Somalia; ndi Libya. US "special operations forces" amachita ntchito zachinsinsi mkati zana Zambiri. Atsogoleri aku US akuwopsezabe dziko la Iran poyera, ngakhale pachitika kusintha kwaukazembe komwe kumayenera kuthetsa mwamtendere mikangano yapakati pa mayiko awiriwa.
Purezidenti-mu-kuyembekezera Hillary Clinton akukhulupirirabe kuthandizira zofuna za US kumayiko ena ndi ziwopsezo zosaloledwa, ngakhale kuwopseza kulikonse komwe adathandizira m'mbuyomu kumangopanga chifukwa chankhondo, kuyambira ku Yugoslavia kupita ku Iraq kupita ku Libya. Koma Charter ya UN imaletsa kuwopseza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndendende chifukwa chomwe chimatsogolera chinzake nthawi zonse.
Zifukwa zokhazokha zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zololedwa pansi pa Charter ya UN ndizodzitetezera molingana ndi zofunikira kapena pempho ladzidzidzi la UN Security Council kuti lichite nawo nkhondo "kubwezeretsa mtendere ndi chitetezo." Koma palibe dziko lina lomwe laukira United States, komanso bungwe la Security Council silinapemphe US kuti iphulitse kapena kuwukira mayiko omwe tili pankhondo.
Nkhondo zomwe tayambitsa kuyambira 2001 zachitika anapha anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni, amene pafupifupi onse anali osalakwa konse m’zolakwa za pa 9/11. M'malo 'mobwezeretsa mtendere ndi chitetezo,' nkhondo za ku United States zangolowetsa mayiko ndi mayiko muchiwawa ndi chipwirikiti chosatha.
Mofanana ndi zomwe akatswiri a ku NASA ananyalanyaza, Charter ya UN ikugwirabe ntchito, zakuda ndi zoyera, kuti aliyense padziko lapansi awerenge. Koma kukhazikika kwa kupatuka kwalowa m'malo mwa malamulo ake omangirira ndi omasuka, osamveka bwino omwe maboma adziko lapansi ndi anthu sanakangane, kukambirana kapena kuvomereza.
Pachifukwa ichi, malamulo ovomerezeka omwe amanyalanyazidwa ndi omwe adapangidwa kuti apereke chikhazikitso chotheka kuti chitukuko cha anthu chikhalepo poyang'anizana ndi chiwopsezo chokhalapo cha zida zamakono ndi nkhondo - ndithudi malamulo otsiriza pa Dziko Lapansi omwe amayenera kukhala mwakachetechete. anasesa pansi pa chiguduli m'chipinda chapansi cha Dipatimenti ya Boma.
Misonkhano Yachigawo ya Geneva
Makhothi omenyera nkhondo ndi kufufuza kwa akuluakulu ndi mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe avumbulutsa "malamulo achitetezo" operekedwa kwa asitikali aku US omwe amaphwanya mosabisa Misonkhano Yachigawo ya Geneva ndi chitetezo chomwe amapereka kwa omenyera ovulala, akaidi ankhondo ndi anthu wamba m'maiko omwe ali ndi nkhondo:
-The Udindo wa Command Lipoti la Human Rights First lafufuza anthu 98 omwe anamwalira ali m'manja mwa US ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan. Idawulula chikhalidwe chopotoka momwe akuluakulu amagwiritsira ntchito molakwika mphamvu zawo kuletsa kufufuza ndikutsimikizira kuti iwowo sangalangidwe pakupha ndi kuzunza anthu omwe. Lamulo la US limafotokoza kuti milandu yayikulu.
Ngakhale kuti kuzunzika kunali kololedwa kuchokera pamwamba pa gulu la asilikali, mkulu wa asilikali amene anaimbidwa mlandu wopalamula anali Major ndipo chilango chowawa kwambiri chimene anapereka chinali chigamulo cha ukaidi wa miyezi isanu.
-Malamulo aku US ochita nawo ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan aphatikiza: kuzunza mwadongosolo, m'bwalo la zisudzo; kulamula kuti "Cheke chakufa" kapena kupha adani ovulala; kulamula kuti “kupha amuna onse a msinkhu wa usilikali” pa ntchito zina; ndi madera "opanda zida" omwe amawonetsa madera "opanda moto" a nthawi ya Vietnam.
Mkulu wina waku US Marine adauza khothi kuti "Asitikali amawona kuti amuna onse aku Iraq ndi gawo la zigawenga", ndikuchotsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa omenyera nkhondo ndi anthu wamba omwe ndi maziko a Msonkhano Wachinayi wa Geneva.
Akuluakulu ang’onoang’ono kapena asilikali olembedwa akaimbidwa milandu yankhondo, amamasulidwa kapena kupatsidwa zigamulo zing’onozing’ono chifukwa makhoti apeza kuti ankachita zinthu mogwirizana ndi zimene akuluakulu ena anena. Koma akuluakulu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi milanduyi aloledwa kuchitira umboni mobisa kapena kusaonekeranso kukhoti, ndipo palibe mkulu wina aliyense amene wapezeka ndi mlandu wankhondo.
-Kwa chaka chatha, asitikali aku US akuphulitsa Iraq ndi Syria agwira ntchito pansi anamasula malamulo a chinkhoswe zomwe zimalola mkulu wa zisudzo General McFarland kuvomereza kuphulitsa mabomba ndi mizinga zomwe zikuyembekezeka kupha anthu wamba 10 aliyense.
Koma Kate Clark wa ku Afghanistan Analysts Network adalemba kuti malamulo aku US ochita chibwenzi amalola kale chizoloŵezi kulunjika kwa anthu wamba kutengera zolemba za foni yam'manja kapena "mlandu mwa kuyandikira" kwa anthu ena omwe akufuna kuphedwa. Bureau of Investigative Journalism yatsimikiza izi 4 peresenti yokha mwa masauzande a anthu okhudzidwa ndi ndege zopanda ndege ku Pakistan adadziwika kuti ndi mamembala a Al Qaeda, omwe ndi omwe akuwatsata pa kampeni ya CIA.
-Lipoti la Amnesty International la 2014 Kusiyidwa Mumdima adalemba kuti palibe chifukwa choyankha kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba ndi asitikali aku US ku Afghanistan kuyambira pomwe Purezidenti Obama adakulitsa nkhondo mu 2009 adayambitsa ziwopsezo za ndege masauzande ambiri komanso ziwopsezo zausiku.
Palibe amene anaimbidwa mlandu Ghazi Khan anaukira m'chigawo cha Kunar pa Dec. 26, 2009, momwe asilikali apadera a US anapha ana osachepera asanu ndi awiri, kuphatikizapo anayi omwe anali ndi zaka 11 kapena 12 zokha.
Posachedwapa, Asilikali aku US adaukira chipatala cha Doctors Without Borders ku Kunduz, kupha madokotala 42, ogwira ntchito ndi odwala, koma kuphwanya momveka bwino kwa Article 18 ya Msonkhano Wachinayi wa Geneva sikunabweretse milandu.
Ngakhale boma la US silingayerekeze kusiya mwalamulo Misonkhano Yachigawo ya Geneva, kukhazikika kwa zolakwika kwasintha bwino m'malo mwawo ndi machitidwe okhazikika komanso oyankha omwe cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuteteza akuluakulu ankhondo aku US ndi akuluakulu aboma kuti asayankhe milandu yankhondo.
Cold War ndi Zotsatira Zake
Kukhazikika kwa kusokonekera kwa mfundo zakunja za US ndi zotsatira za mphamvu zosagwirizana ndi zachuma, zamakazembe ndi zankhondo za United States kuyambira 1945. Palibe dziko lina lomwe likanatha kuswa malamulo a mayiko onse momveka bwino komanso mwadongosolo.
Koma m'masiku oyambirira a Cold War, atsogoleri a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ku America adakana kuyitana kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo zatsopano zomwe adazipeza komanso kulamulira kwakanthawi pa zida zanyukiliya kuti ayambitse nkhondo yolimbana ndi USSR.
General Dwight Eisenhower anapereka kulankhula ku St mu 1947 momwe adachenjeza kuti, "Iwo omwe amayesa chitetezo pongotengera mphamvu yokhumudwitsa amapotoza tanthauzo lake ndikusocheretsa omwe amawamvera. Palibe dziko lamakono lomwe linafanana ndi mphamvu zowononga zowononga zimene gulu lankhondo la Germany linapeza mu 1939. Palibe dziko lamakono limene linathyoledwa ndi kuphwanyidwa monga Germany zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake.”
Koma, monga momwe Eisenhower anachenjezera pambuyo pake, Cold War posakhalitsa inayambitsa a "military-industrial complex"zikhoza kukhala choncho mwabwino za mkangano wovuta kwambiri wa mabungwe omwe chikhalidwe chawo chimakonda kwambiri kukhazikika kwa zolakwika. Mwachinsinsi,Eisenhower anadandaula kuti, “Mulungu athandize dziko lino munthu atakhala pampando amene sadziwa usilikali monga momwe ine ndimadziwira.
Izi zikufotokozera aliyense yemwe wakhala pampandowu ndikuyesera kuyang'anira gulu lankhondo la US kuyambira 1961, zomwe zikukhudza zisankho zovuta pankhondo ndi mtendere ndi nkhondo. nthawi-kukula kwa bajeti yankhondo. Olangiza Purezidenti pankhaniyi ndi Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti, Alembi a Boma ndi Chitetezo, Mtsogoleri wa National Intelligence, akuluakulu angapo ankhondo ndi admirals ndi mipando yamakomiti amphamvu a Congression. Pafupifupi ntchito zonse za akuluakuluwa zikuyimira mtundu wina wa "khomo lozungulira" pakati pa usilikali ndi "zanzeru" maofesi, akuluakulu akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu a boma, ndi ntchito zapamwamba ndi makontrakitala ankhondo ndi makampani okopa anthu.
Aliyense wa alangizi apamtima omwe ali ndi khutu la Purezidenti pazovuta kwambiri izi amalangizidwa ndi ena omwe ali ozama kwambiri m'magulu ankhondo ndi mafakitale, kuchokera. malo opangira zida zopangira zida kwa mamembala a Congress okhala ndi zida zankhondo kapena zida zoponya zida m'maboma awo kwa atolankhani ndi ndemanga zomwe zimagulitsa mantha, nkhondo ndi zankhondo kwa anthu.
Ndi kukwera kwa zilango ndi nkhondo zachuma monga chida champhamvu cha US, Wall Street ndi Treasury and Commerce Departments nawonso atanganidwa kwambiri ndi ukonde wankhondo ndi mafakitale.
Zolimbikitsa zomwe zikuyendetsa kusokonekera, pang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono m'magulu ankhondo aku US omwe akukulirakulira akhala amphamvu komanso kulimbikitsana kwazaka zopitilira 70, ndendende monga Eisenhower adachenjeza.
Richard Barnet adasanthula chikhalidwe chosokonekera cha atsogoleri ankhondo aku US anthawi ya Vietnam m'buku lake la 1972 Mizu Ya Nkhondo. Koma pali zifukwa zina zomwe kusinthika kwapatuka mu mfundo zakunja zaku US kwakhala kowopsa kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa Cold War.
Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, US ndi UK adakhazikitsa maboma ogwirizana ku Western ndi Southern Europe, kubwezeretsanso madera akumadzulo ku Asia ndi adalanda dziko la South Korea. Magawano a Korea ndi Vietnam Kumpoto ndi kumwera kunalungamitsidwa ngati kwakanthawi, koma maboma akummwera adapangidwa ndi US kuti aletse kugwirizananso pansi pa maboma ogwirizana ndi USSR kapena China. Nkhondo zaku US ku Korea ndi Vietnam zidalungamitsidwa, mwalamulo ndi ndale, ngati thandizo lankhondo kwa maboma ogwirizana omwe akumenya nkhondo zodzitchinjiriza.
Udindo wa US pakuukira kotsutsana ndi demokalase ku Iran, Guatemala, Congo, Brazil, Indonesia, Ghana, Chile ndi mayiko ena adabisidwa kuseri kwa zinsinsi zambiri komanso zabodza. Mchitidwe wovomerezeka unkaonedwa kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri ku mfundo za US, ngakhale chikhalidwe chopatuka chinali kusinthidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa pansi.
Zaka za Reagan
Sizinafike mpaka zaka za m'ma 1980 pomwe US idatsutsana kwambiri ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi a 1945 omwe adathandizira kumanga. Pamene US idayamba kuwononga wopandukayo Sandinista boma la Nicaragua pokumba madoko ake ndikutumiza gulu lankhondo lankhondo kuti liwopsyeze anthu ake, a Khoti Lachilungamo la International (ICJ) inapalamula dziko la United States chifukwa chochita zachiwawa ndipo linailamula kuti ilipire malipiro ankhondo.
Yankho la US lidawulula momwe kusinthika kwapatukako kudatengera kale mfundo zake zakunja. M’malo movomereza ndi kutsatira chigamulo cha khotilo, dziko la United States linalengeza kuti lachoka m’manja mwa ICJ.
Nicaragua itapempha bungwe la UN Security Council kuti liumirire kubweza komwe khothi lalamula, US idagwiritsa ntchito molakwika udindo wake ngati membala Wamuyaya wa Security Council kuti aletse chigamulocho. Kuyambira m'ma 1980, a US idavotera zigamulo za Security Council kuwirikiza kawiri monga Mamembala Ena Okhazikika adaphatikizana, ndipo UN General Assembly idapereka zigamulo zodzudzula kuukira kwa US ku Grenada (ndi 108 mpaka 9) ndi Panama (ndi 75 mpaka 20), kutcha omalizawo "kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi."
Purezidenti George HW Bush ndi Prime Minister waku Britain Margaret Thatcher adalandira chilolezo cha UN pa Nkhondo Yoyamba ya Gulf ndipo adakana kuyimbira kuti ayambitse nkhondo yolimbana ndi Iraq mophwanya lamulo lawo la UN. Mphamvu zawo Asilikali aku Iraq akuthawa Kuwaitndipo lipoti la UN adalongosola momwe kuphulitsa kwa mabomba ku Iraq motsogozedwa ndi US "kunasinthitsa zomwe "zidalipo mpaka Januware kukhala anthu okhala m'matauni komanso okhazikika" kukhala "dziko lazaka zisanayambe mafakitale."
Koma mawu atsopano adayamba kufunsa chifukwa chomwe US siyenera kupezerapo mwayi pagulu lankhondo lomwe silinatsutsidwe pambuyo pa Cold War kuti ligwiritse ntchito mphamvu mosadziletsa. Panthawi ya kusintha kwa Bush-Clinton, Madeleine Albright anakumana ndi General Colin Powell pa "chiphunzitso chake cha Powell" cha nkhondo yochepa, akutsutsa kuti, "N'chifukwa chiyani kukhala ndi asilikali apamwamba kwambiri omwe mumawanena ngati sitingathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito?"
Chiyembekezo cha anthu cha "gawidwe lamtendere" pomaliza pake chinatsimikiziridwa ndi a "Power dividend" zofunidwa ndi zofuna zankhondo ndi mafakitale. Ma neoconservatives a Project for the New American Century adatsogolera kukankhira nkhondo ku Iraq, pomwe "othandizira othandizira anthu"tsopano gwiritsani ntchito "mphamvu zofewa" zamabodza kuti muzindikire ndikuwonetsetsa zomwe mukufuna kusintha maulamuliro otsogozedwa ndi US ndikulungamitsa nkhondo pansi pa "udindo woteteza" kapena zifukwa zina. Ogwirizana ndi US (NATO, Israel, Arab monarchies et al) saloledwa kuchita nawo izi, otetezeka mkati mwa zomwe Amnesty International yati "Zone yopanda udindo."
Madeleine Albright ndi anzake adatcha Slobodan Milosevic "Hitler watsopano" chifukwa choyesa kugwirizanitsa Yugoslavia, ngakhale kuti adadzipangira yekha. zilango zowononga fuko la Iraq. Zaka khumi pambuyo pa imfa ya Milosevic m'ndende ku Hague, anamasulidwa pambuyo pa imfa yake ndi bwalo lamilandu lapadziko lonse lapansi.
Mu 1999, pamene Mlembi Wachilendo ku UK Robin Cook adauza Mlembi wa boma Albright kuti boma la Britain linali ndi vuto "ndi maloya ake" chifukwa cha ndondomeko ya NATO youkira Yugoslavia popanda chilolezo cha UN, Albright anamuuza kuti ayenera "Pangani alangizi atsopano."
Pamene kupha anthu ambiri ku New York ndi Washington pa Seputembara 11, 2001, kusokonekera kunali kokhazikika m'mabwalo amphamvu kotero kuti mawu amtendere ndi kulingalira adatsatiridwa.
Woyimira milandu wakale wa Nuremberg Ben Ferencz adauza NPR Patatha masiku asanu ndi atatu, “Sikuyankha kovomerezeka kulanga anthu omwe alibe mlandu pa cholakwacho. … Tiyenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa kulanga olakwa ndi kulanga ena. Mukangobwezera anthu ambiri pophulitsa bomba ku Afghanistan, tinene, kapena a Taliban, mupha anthu ambiri omwe sakuvomereza zomwe zachitika. ”
Koma kuyambira tsiku lachigawenga, zida zankhondo zidayamba kuyenda, kulimbana ndi Iraq komanso Afghanistan.
Kukhazikika kwapatuka komwe kumalimbikitsa nkhondo komanso chifukwa chonyongedwa panthawi yamavuto adziko sikunali kwa a Dick Cheney ndi ma acolytes ake ozunzidwa, chifukwa chake nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe adayambitsa mu 2001 ikupitilirabe.
Pulezidenti Obama atasankhidwa mu 2008 ndikupatsidwa mphoto ya Nobel Peace Prize, ndi anthu ochepa chabe omwe ankamvetsa kuti anthu angati ndi zofuna zake zomwe zimapanga ndondomeko zake zinali anthu omwewo omwe adapanga Purezidenti George W. Bush, komanso kuti onse anali ozama kwambiri. chikhalidwe chosokonekera chomwecho chomwe chinayambitsa nkhondo, ziwawa zankhondo zokhazikika komanso ziwawa zosasinthika ndi chisokonezo padziko lapansi.
Chikhalidwe cha Sociopathic
Mpaka anthu aku America, oimira ndale athu ndi anansi athu padziko lonse lapansi atha kukumana ndi kusinthika kwapatuka komwe kumawononga machitidwe a US mfundo zakunja, ziwopsezo zomwe zilipo za nkhondo ya nyukiliya komanso kufalikira kwa nkhondo wamba zidzapitilira ndikufalikira.
Chikhalidwe chopotokachi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ponyalanyaza kufunika kwa moyo waumunthu komanso kupulumuka kwa moyo waumunthu padziko lapansi. Chokhacho "chabwinobwino" pa izi ndikuti imalowa m'mabungwe amphamvu, otsekeredwa omwe amawongolera mfundo zakunja za US, kuwapangitsa kukhala opanda nzeru, kuyankha mlandu kwa anthu kapena kulephera koopsa.
Kukhazikika kwa kusokonekera kwa mfundo zakunja zaku US kukupangitsa kudzichepetsera kozizwitsa kwa dziko lathu la zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kupita ku "bwalo lankhondo" kapena malo oyesera zida zaposachedwa za US ndi njira zandale. Sipanakhalebe gulu lililonse lolimbana ndi mphamvu kapena logwirizana mokwanira kuti libwezeretse kulingalira, umunthu kapena malamulo, m'dziko kapena m'mayiko ena, ngakhale magulu atsopano a ndale m'mayiko ambiri amapereka njira zina zogwirira ntchito zomwe tikuyenda.
monga Bulletin ya Atomic Scientists anachenjeza pamene anapititsa manja a Doomsday Clock kufika mphindi 3 mpaka pakati pausiku mu 2015, tikukhala pa imodzi mwa nthawi zoopsa kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu. Kukhazikika kwa kusokonekera kwa mfundo zakunja zaku US kuli pachimake chazovuta zathu.
