Wolemba Thalif Deen, Inter Press Service
Nuclear Security yakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa Purezidenti wa US, Barack Obama. / Mawu:Eli Clifton/IPS
- Monga gawo la cholowa chake cha nyukiliya, Purezidenti wa US Barack Obama akufuna chigamulo cha UN Security Council (UNSC) chomwe cholinga chake ndi kuletsa kuyesa kwa nyukiliya padziko lonse lapansi.
Chigamulochi, chomwe chikadali pa zokambirana za mamembala 15 a UNSC, chikuyembekezeka kuvomerezedwa a Obama asanamalize utsogoleri wake wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu mu Januware chaka chamawa.
Mwa 15, asanu ndi mamembala okhazikika omwe ali ndi veto omwe alinso mayiko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi: US, Britain, France, China ndi Russia.
Lingaliroli, loyamba lamtundu wake mu UNSC, ladzetsa mkangano waukulu pakati pa otsutsa zida zanyukiliya komanso olimbikitsa mtendere.
Joseph Gerson, Mtsogoleri wa Peace and Economic Security Programme ku American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), bungwe la Quaker lomwe limalimbikitsa mtendere ndi chilungamo, anauza IPS kuti pali njira zingapo zowonera chigamulochi.
A Republican ku Senate ya US asonyeza kukwiya kuti Obama akuyesetsa kuti bungwe la UN likhazikitse mgwirizano wa Comprehensive (Nuclear) Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), adatero.
"Ananenanso kuti ndi chigamulochi, akuphwanya malamulo a US, omwe amafuna kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo ivomereze mgwirizano. Anthu aku Republican adatsutsa kuvomereza kwa CTBT kuyambira pomwe (Purezidenti wakale wa US) a Bill Clinton adasaina panganoli mu 1996", adawonjezera.
M'malo mwake, ngakhale kuti malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi akuyenera kukhala malamulo a US, chigamulochi ngati chikaperekedwa sichingavomerezedwe kuti chalowa m'malo mwa malamulo ovomerezeka a Senate kuvomereza mapangano, ndipo motero sichingalepheretse ndondomeko ya malamulo, Gerson adatero.
"Chomwe chigamulochi chidzakhala kulimbikitsa CTBT ndikuwonjezera kuwala pang'ono pa chithunzi cha Obama chothetsa zida za nyukiliya," Gerson anawonjezera.
CTBT, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi UN General Assembly mu 1996, sinayambe kugwira ntchito pa chifukwa chimodzi chachikulu: maiko asanu ndi atatu adakana kusaina kapena aletsa zovomerezeka zawo.
Atatu omwe sanasaine - India, North Korea ndi Pakistan - ndi asanu omwe sanavomereze - United States, China, Egypt, Iran ndi Israel - akhalabe osadzipereka zaka 20 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano.
Pakadali pano, pali kuyimitsidwa kwaufulu kuyesa kochitidwa ndi mayiko ambiri okhala ndi zida zanyukiliya. "Koma moratoria sangalowe m'malo mwa CTBT yogwira ntchito. Mayesero anayi a nyukiliya amene DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) achita ndi umboni wa zimenezi,” akutero Mlembi Wamkulu wa bungwe la United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, amene amachirikiza mwamphamvu zida za nyukiliya.
Pansi pa zomwe CTBT ikupereka, panganoli silingayambe kugwira ntchito popanda kutenga nawo mbali m'mayiko asanu ndi atatu ofunika kwambiri.
Alice Slater, Mlangizi wa Nuclear Age Peace Foundation ndipo akutumikira mu Komiti Yogwirizanitsa ya World Beyond War, adauza IPS kuti: "Ndikungoganiza kuti ndi chododometsa chachikulu pakukula kwa zokambirana zachiletso zomwe zachitika ku UN General Assembly."
Kuphatikiza apo, adanenanso, sizikhala ndi vuto ku US komwe Nyumba yamalamulo ikuyenera kuvomereza CTBT kuti iyambe kugwira ntchito pano.
"Ndizopusa kuchita chilichonse chokhudza Pangano la Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty popeza silokwanira komanso sililetsa kuyesa zida za nyukiliya."
Iye anafotokoza CTBT ngati mosamalitsa sanali kuchulukana muyeso tsopano, popeza Clinton anasaina izo "ndi lonjezo kwa Dr. Strangeloves wathu kwa Stockpile Stewardship Program amene pambuyo 26 mayesero mobisa pa Nevada Test Site imene plutonium ndi kuwomberedwa ndi mabomba mankhwala. koma alibe chain reaction."
Chifukwa chake Clinton adati sikunali kuyesa kwa nyukiliya, kuphatikiza kuyesa kwa labotale yapamwamba kwambiri monga mabwalo awiri ampira a National Ignition Facility ku Livermore Lab, zapangitsa kuti kulosera kwatsopano kwa madola thililiyoni imodzi pazaka makumi atatu kumafakitole atsopano a bomba, mabomba. ndi njira zobweretsera ku US, adatero Slater.
Gerson adauza IPS kuti lipoti lochokera ku Open Ended Working Group (OEWG) pa Zida za Nyukiliya lidzakambidwa pamsonkhano womwe ukubwera wa General Assembly.
US ndi mphamvu zina za nyukiliya zikutsutsana ndi zomwe lipotilo likufuna kuti General Assembly ivomereze kuyambika kwa zokambirana ku UN za mgwirizano wothetsa zida za nyukiliya mu 2017, adatero.
Osachepera, polengeza za chigamulo cha CTBT UN, olamulira a Obama akusokoneza kale chidwi ku United States kuchokera ku ndondomeko ya OEWG, Gerson adatero.
"Momwemonso, ngakhale a Obama atha kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa" riboni yabuluu" kuti ipereke malingaliro othandizira zida za nyukiliya za madola thililiyoni ndikukweza njira zobweretsera kuti apereke chivundikiro chochepetsera koma osathetsa ndalama izi, ndikukayika kuti atero. kusuntha kuti athetse chiphunzitso choyambirira cha United States, chomwe akuti akuchiganiziranso ndi akuluakulu aboma.
Akadakhala kuti Obama akanalamula kutha kwa chiphunzitso choyambirira cha US kumenya nkhondo, zikadabweretsa nkhani yotsutsana pazisankho za Purezidenti, ndipo Obama sakufuna kuchita chilichonse kuti achepetse kampeni ya Hillary Clinton poyang'anizana ndi zoopsa za chisankho cha Trump. anatsutsana.
"Chifukwa chake, pokakamira ndikulengeza chigamulo cha CTBT, chidwi cha anthu aku US ndi mayiko ena chidzasokonezedwa pakulephera kusintha chiphunzitso choyambirira chomenyera nkhondo."
Kupatula kuletsa kuyesa kwa zida za nyukiliya, a Obama akukonzekeranso kulengeza ndondomeko ya nyukiliya "yosagwiritsa ntchito koyamba" (NFU). Izi zidzalimbitsa kudzipereka kwa US kuti asagwiritse ntchito zida za nyukiliya pokhapokha atatulutsidwa ndi mdani.
M'mawu omwe adatulutsidwa pa Ogasiti 15, bungwe la Asia-Pacific Leadership Network for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, "linalimbikitsa US kuti itenge mfundo zanyukiliya za "No First Use" ndipo idapempha ogwirizana nawo ku Pacific kuti athandizire.
Mwezi wa February watha, a Ban adanong'oneza bondo kuti sanathe kukwaniritsa chimodzi mwazolinga zake zandale zomwe zinali zolakalaka komanso zosafunikira: kuwonetsetsa kuti CTBT iyamba kugwira ntchito.
"Chaka chino ndi zaka 20 kuchokera pamene zatsegulidwa kuti zisayinidwe," adatero, akuwonetsa kuti kuyesa kwaposachedwa kwa nyukiliya ndi Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) - chachinayi kuyambira 2006 - "kunali kusokoneza kwambiri chitetezo cha m'deralo komanso mozama. ikulepheretsa ntchito zapadziko lonse zoletsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.”
Ino ndi nthawi, adatsutsa, kuti apange chilimbikitso chomaliza kuti ateteze kulowa kwa CTBT, komanso kukwaniritsa chilengedwe chonse.
Pakadali pano, mayiko akuyenera kuganizira momwe angalimbikitsire kuletsa kuyesa kwa zida za nyukiliya, adalangiza, "kuti pasapezeke boma lomwe lingagwiritse ntchito momwe CTBT ilili ngati chifukwa choyesera kuyesa nyukiliya."
