Wolemba Hyun Lee, Wopanda, December 29, 2020
Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, omwe amapanga mfundo zaku US akhala akufunsa kuti, "Kodi zingatheke bwanji kuti North Korea ipereke zida za nyukiliya?" ndipo abwera chimanjamanja. Pamene oyang'anira a Biden akukonzekera kutenga udindo, mwina ndi nthawi yoti mufunse funso lina: "Kodi timakhala bwanji pamtendere ndi North Korea?"
Nayi vuto lomwe likukumana ndi Washington. Kumbali imodzi, US sakufuna kulola North Korea kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya chifukwa izi zitha kulimbikitsa mayiko ena kuchita zomwezo. (Washington ili kale kalikiliki kuyesa kuletsa kukhumba kwa zida za nyukiliya ku Iran, pomwe mawu owonjezeka aku Japan ndi South Korea nawonso akufuna kuti akhale ndi atsogoleri awo.)
US idayesa kuti North Korea ipereke zida zake za nyukiliya kudzera pazokakamiza komanso ziletso, koma njirayi yabwerera m'mbuyo, ikulimbitsa lingaliro la Pyongyang lokweza ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi zida zake. North Korea yati njira yokhayo yomwe ingaperekere zida zake za nyukiliya ndi ngati US "itasiya mfundo zake zankhanza," - mwa kuyankhula kwina, ikuchitapo kanthu pochepetsa zida - koma pakadali pano, Washington sinasunthe kapena kuwonetsa cholinga chilichonse kusunthira cholingacho. M'malo mwake, oyang'anira a Trump adapitilizabe Chitani zoyeserera pankhondo limodzi ndi South Korea ndi kumangitsa kumangika ziletso zotsutsana ndi North Korea ngakhale zili choncho kudzipereka ku Singapore kupanga mtendere ndi Pyongyang.
Lowani Joe Biden. Kodi gulu lake lithetsa bwanji vutoli? Kubwereza njira yomweyomwe yalephera ndikuyembekeza zotsatira zosiyana kungakhale - mukudziwa momwe mawuwo amapitira.
Alangizi a Biden akugwirizana kuti njira yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka Trump "zonse kapena ayi" - kufunafuna kutsogolo kuti North Korea ipereke zida zake zonse - yalephera. M'malo mwake, amalimbikitsa "kulamulira zida zankhondo": kuzizira koyamba ntchito za zida za nyukiliya ku North Korea ndikupanga njira zingapo kuti zikwaniritse cholinga chenicheni chokhazikitsa zida zankhondo.
Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe mlembi wa boma wosankhidwa Anthony Blinken, yemwe amalimbikitsa mgwirizano wogwirizira zida zanyukiliya ku North Korea kuti agule nthawi yoti agwirizane mgwirizano wanthawi yayitali. Akuti tiyenera kupeza mabungwe ogwirizana ndi China kuti tikakamize kukakamiza North Korea: "Finyani North Korea kuti mufike pagome lazokambirana. ” "Tiyenera kudula njira zake zosiyanasiyana ndikupeza zofunikira," akutero, ndikulimbikitsa kuuza mayiko omwe ali ndi alendo aku North Korea kuti awatumize kwawo. Ngati China singagwirizane, Blinken akuwonetsa kuti US ikuwopseza ndi zida zankhondo zankhondo zankhondo zankhondo zankhondo zakutsogolo.
Malingaliro a Blinken ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi njira zolephera zam'mbuyomu. Imeneyi ndi mfundo yokakamiza komanso kudzipatula kuti ikwaniritse cholinga chakuchotsa zida ku North Korea - kusiyana kokha ndikuti oyang'anira a Biden ali okonzeka kutenga nthawi yochulukirapo. Poterepa, North Korea ipitilizabe kupitiliza kulimbana ndi zida zake za nyukiliya komanso zida zankhondo. Pokhapokha ngati US asintha kwambiri, kusamvana pakati pa US ndi North Korea sikungapeweke.
M'malo mongoyang'ana momwe mungapangire North Korea kusiya akazembe ake, kufunsa momwe mungapezere mtendere wokhazikika ku Korea kungayambitse mayankho ena osiyana. Maphwando onse - osati North Korea yokha - ali ndi udindo wotenga njira zothandizira kuchepetsa zida zankhondo.
Kupatula apo, US ikadali ndi asitikali a 28,000 ku South Korea, ndipo mpaka pano, akhala akuchita nkhondo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimaphatikizapo mapulani omenyera nkhondo ku North Korea. Zoyeserera zakale zankhondo yaphatikizira yaphatikizira ndege zophulika za B-2, zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zigwetse bomba la nyukiliya ndikuwononga okhometsa misonkho aku US pafupifupi $ 130,000 pa ola limodzi. Ngakhale US ndi South Korea achepetsa machitidwe awo kuyambira pamsonkhano wa a Trump-Kim ku 2018, Commander wa US Forces Korea, a General Robert B. Abrams, ali wotchedwa poyambitsanso zikuluzikulu zikuluzikulu zolimbana pankhondo.
Ngati oyang'anira a Biden apitabe patsogolo pomenya nkhondo mmawa wa Marichi, zitha kuyambitsa mikangano yoopsa yankhondo ku Peninsula yaku Korea ndikupweteketsa mwayi uliwonse wolumikizana ndi North Korea posachedwa.
Momwe Mungapezere Mtendere pa Peninsula yaku Korea
Pochepetsa kuopseza kwa nkhondo ya zida za nyukiliya ndi North Korea ndikusunga mwayi wobwereranso zokambirana mtsogolomo, oyang'anira a Biden atha kuchita zinthu ziwiri m'masiku ake 100 oyamba: chimodzi, pitilizani kuyimitsa nkhondo yayikulu yaku US-South Korea kubowola; ndipo awiri, yambitsani kuwunikanso mfundo zake ku North Korea zomwe zimayamba ndi funso loti, "Kodi tingapeze bwanji mtendere wosatha ku Peninsula yaku Korea?"
Gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa mtendere wokhazikika ndikuthetsa Nkhondo yaku Korea, yomwe sanathetsedwe kwa zaka 70, ndikusintha gulu lankhondo (kuyimitsa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi) ndi mgwirizano wamtendere wosatha. Izi ndi zomwe atsogoleri awiri aku Korea adagwirizana kuti achite pamsonkhano wawo wakale wa Panmunjom ku 2018, ndipo lingaliroli limathandizidwa ndi mamembala 52 a US Congress omwe adathandizira House Resolution 152, akuyitanitsa kuti nkhondo ya Korea ithe. Zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri za nkhondo yosathetsedwa sizinangowonjezera mpikisano wokhazikika pakati pa maphwando, zidapanganso malire osadutsa pakati pa ma Koreya awiriwa omwe asokoneza mabanja mamiliyoni ambiri. Mgwirizano wamtendere womwe umalimbikitsa magulu onse kuti ayike pang'onopang'ono zida zawo zitha kukhazikitsa bata kuti ma Koreya awiriwa ayambirenso mgwirizano ndikuphatikizanso mabanja opatukana.
Anthu ambiri ku US akuganiza kuti North Korea safuna mtendere, koma kuyang'ana m'mbuyo m'mbuyomu kunanenanso zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kutsatira nkhondo yaku Korea, yomwe idatha pomenyera nkhondo mu 1953, North Korea inali gawo la Msonkhano ku Geneva, woyitanidwa ndi Mphamvu Zinayi - United States, USSR wakale, United Kingdom ndi France - kuti akambirane zamtsogolo waku Korea. Malinga ndi lipoti lomwe lidalengezedwa ndi US Delegation, Nduna Yowona Zakunja yaku North Korea panthawiyo Nam Il adanena pamsonkhanowu kuti "Ntchito yayikulu ikukwaniritsa mgwirizano waku Korea posintha gulu lankhondo kukhala mgwirizano wamtendere [waku Korea] ndi mfundo za demokalase." Adadzudzula US "chifukwa chazigawo zomwe zidagawika ku Korea komanso kupanga zisankho mosiyana ndi" apolisi. " US idasankhanso chisankho chapadera chakumwera ngakhale anthu aku Korea ambiri adalakalaka dziko la Korea logwirizana komanso lodziyimira palokha.) Komabe, Nam adapitilizabe, "gulu lankhondo la 38 tsopano lidatsegula njira yolumikizira mwamtendere." Adalangiza kuti magulu onse akunja achoke pasanathe miyezi isanu ndi umodzi komanso "mgwirizano pazisankho zonse ku Korea zokhazikitsa boma loyimira dziko lonselo."
Msonkhano wa Geneva mwatsoka unatha popanda mgwirizano ku Korea, makamaka chifukwa chotsutsa kwa US lingaliro la Nam. Zotsatira zake, Dera Lopanda Demilitarized (DMZ) pakati pa ma Koreya lidakhazikika m'malire apadziko lonse lapansi.
Lingaliro lofunikira ku North Korea - loti gulu lankhondo liyenera kulowedwa m'malo ndi mgwirizano wamtendere womwe "umatsegula njira yolumikizira mwamtendere" - wakhala ukugwirizana zaka 70 zapitazi. Izi ndi zomwe Supreme People's Assembly yaku North Korea idapempha ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ya US ku 1974. Izi ndizomwe zidalembedwa m'kalata yaku North Korea yoperekedwa ndi mtsogoleri wakale wa Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev kwa Purezidenti wa US Ronald Reagan pamsonkhano wawo ku Washington mu 1987. Izi ndizonso zomwe anthu aku North Korea adabweretsa mobwerezabwereza pazokambirana zawo za nyukiliya ndi oyang'anira a Bill Clinton ndi a George W. Bush.
Akuluakulu a Biden akuyenera kuyang'ana kumbuyo - ndikuvomereza - mapangano omwe US idasainirana kale ndi North Korea. US-DPRK Joint Communique (yosainidwa ndi oyang'anira Clinton mu 2000), Six-Party Joint Statement (yolembedwa ndi Bush administration mu 2005) ndi Singapore Joint Statement (yolembedwa ndi Purezidenti Trump mu 2018) onse ali ndi zolinga zitatu zofanana : kukhazikitsa ubale wabwino, kukhazikitsa bata kwamuyaya ku Korea Peninsula ndikuwononga Peninsula yaku Korea. Gulu la Biden likusowa mapu omwe amafotokozera momveka bwino za mgwirizano pakati pa zolinga zitatuzi.
Boma la Biden likukumana ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zifunike kuti ziwonekere mwachangu, koma kuwonetsetsa kuti ubale waku US-North Korea sukubwerera ku brinkmanship yomwe idatifikitsa kumapeto kwa phompho la nyukiliya ku 2017 iyenera kukhala patsogolo.
