Ndi Pat Elder, April 27, 2020
kuchokera Chiwonetsero cha anthu
Dongosolo loletsa moto mu ndege yoponya ndege lidatulutsa thovu lalikulu lamoto loyaka moto kuchokera ku Marine Corps Air Station Futenma ku Okinawa pa Epulo 10.
Chithovucho chimakhala ndi mafuta a perfluoro octane sulfonic acid, kapena PFOS, ndi perfluoro octanoic acid, kapena PFOA. Zoyala zazikulu zakuthira zomwe zimatsanulidwa mumtsinje wakomweko ndipo mapiko akuwoneka ngati mitambo anawoneka akuyandama pamtunda wautali mamita pafupifupi pamtunda ndikukhala m'malo okhala.
Zomwezi zidachitikanso mu Disembala pomwe dongosolo loletsa moto lidayendetsa molakwika chida chomwe chija. Kutulutsa kwa poizoni kwaposachedwa kwadzetsa mkwiyo wa Okinawan ku boma lapakati ku Japan ndi gulu lankhondo laku US chifukwa chodontha pafupipafupi ndi mankhwala oopsa kuchokera pansi.
Mankhwalawa amadziwika kuti amathandizira testicular, chiwindi, chifuwa, ndi khansa ya impso, komanso matenda opatsirana a ana ambiri ndi zovuta zina zapakati pa mwana wosabadwayo. Kupanga kwawo ndi kulowetsamo zakhala zoletsedwa ku Japan kuyambira 2010. Madzi akumwa a Okinawa ali ndi zinthu zambiri.
The Okinawa Times ndi Military Times Nenani kuti malita 143,830 a chithovu adathawa pamalopo pomwe anakungidwa malita 227,100 omwe atulutsidwa kuchokera ku hangar. The Asahi Shimbun adati malita 14.4 adathawa, mosakayikira poganizira kukula kwa kumasulidwa.
Pa Epulo 18 akuluakulu aku Japan adaloledwa kulowa m'munsi, mwayi woyamba kupezeka kuyambira pomwe mgwirizano wamgwirizano ndi zachilengedwe ku Japan-US Status of Forces Agreement udayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2015. Mgwirizanowu ukunena kuti boma la Japan kapena maboma am'deralo "Atha kupempha" chilolezo kuchokera ku mbali ya US kuti achite kafukufuku.
Maboma aku Okinawa omwe ndi oyang'anira chigawo cha Ginowan kapena m'mizinda ya Ginowan sanalumikizidwe kuti agwirizane nawo. Atafunsidwa chifukwa chake akuluakulu aku Okinawan kulibe, a Nduna ya Zachitetezo ku Japan a Taro Kono adayankha kuti ichi ndicholakwa cha boma la Japan, malinga ndi Asahi Shimbun
Woyang'anira chigawo cha Okinawan adaloledwa kulowa mu Futenma pa Epulo 21.
Akuluakulu aboma aku US ndi ku Japan akuoneka kuti akufuna kuti anthu okwiya aku Okinawan asapezeke ndi chithunzi chonse cha mapangidwe opondera a hangar.
Pakakhala moto wa ndege mu hangar, mamita asanu a chithovu zakufa amatha kubisa ndege m'mphindi ziwiri. Dola mamiliyoni zana limodzi, atayikidwa mu ndege imodzi ali pachiwopsezo, sizovuta kuti tilingalire za ndalama zomwe zimayendetsa njira yotetezera malowa. Thovu, lomwe limakhala ndi "mankhwala osatha," limazima moto wamafuta koma limasokoneza madzi apansi panthaka, madzi am'madzi, ndi machitidwe achimbudzi pamtunda wakupha atachotsedwa mu hangar. Asitikali aku US amasangalala ndi omenyera nkhondo pamankhwala athanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe.
Okinawans amafunika kutero onerani kanema uyu wa pulogalamu yopondera ku McGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base, ku Knoxville, Tennessee kuti tichitire umboni zaumbanda wa Amayi Earth ndi mibadwo yam'tsogolo ya mitundu yathu:
Madzi apansi panthaka ya Tennessee mapazi 60 pansi pansi anapezeka kuti ali ndi 7,355 ppt ya mitundu 6 ya per- ndi poly fluoroalkyl zvinhu, (PFAS), yoposa malangizo a Environmental Protection Agency. Madzi apamwamba pamunsi anali ndi 828 ppt ya PFOS ndi PFOA. Chotupa ichi chololedwa kuloledwa kulowa munjira zamkati ndi zimbudzi. Mitundu yofananira yamakoko adapezeka ku Okinawa. Mwachidule, gulu lankhondo la US limasunga mbale zazikulu za chimbudzi m'miyala ya Tennessee, Okinawa, ndi madera ena padziko lonse lapansi.
A Tomohiro Yara, nthumwi ya National Zakudya ku Okinawa, akuwonetsa malingaliro a anthu aku Okinawan pomwe adati, "Boma la US liyenera kutenga mbali yonse pakutsuka dothi ndi madzi kumalo aliwonse akunkhondo. Tiyenera kuteteza chilengedwe cha aliyense padziko lapansi. ”
Boma lapakati ku Japan, lomwe lingathe kusintha zochita za Amereka, likugona pagudumu polephera kufunsa chifukwa chomwe gulu lankhondo laku US limafunitsitsa kugwiritsira ntchito zida zoyipa zikafika m'malo moyenera ndipo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.
A Kono ati akuluakulu aku US akupitilizabe kuyang'ana momwe leak idachitikira, ngati kuti aku America alibe chitsimikizo. Timamva zifukwa zopanda nzeruzi nthawi iliyonse ikatulutsa zodetsa zawo padzikoli.
Pakadali pano, akuluakulu aboma aku Japan akusewera limodzi ndi masewera a DOD a kunamizira kusaka njira zotchinga moto ngati zilipo kale.
A Kono adatengera mzerewu ku US pomwe anati zitha kanthawi kuti boma la Japan lisanapezeke, akuti boma la Japan lipempha makampani aku Japan kuti apange cholowa m'malo ndikuti alowanso pomwepo ngati zingatheke kulowa m'malo mwake. . Anthu ambiri ku Japan sangamvetsetse za gulu lankhondo laku America.
Izi zonse ndi gawo la kampeni yofalitsa nkhani ya DOD. Amatulutsa zopanda pake monga, Ma Naval Research Lab Chemists Amasakasaka Mafuta Opanda Kuyaka Moto a PFAS. DOD imafalitsa nkhani yonena za "kusaka," chifukwa amati ma foam opanda mafuta omwe akupezeka pamsika si njira zina zoyipa zomwe amapangira pakachitika ngozi.
Asitikali aku US adziwa kuti mankhwala awa ndi oopsa m'mibadwo iwiri. Aipitsa mathonje akulu padziko lapansi pomwe akuwagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo apitiliza kuwagwiritsa ntchito mpaka atakakamizidwa kusiya. Ambiri padziko lapansi adasunthira kupitirira zozizira zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ndipo ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopanda mphamvu zamafuta zopanda mafuta pomwe asitikali aku US amamamatira.
International Civil Aviation Organisation yavomereza zojambula zingapo zopanda mafuta (zomwe zimadziwika kuti F3) kuti zimati zikugwirizana ndi zoyeserera zamafilimu (AFFF) zojambulidwa ndi gulu lankhondo laku US. Ma foam a F3 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opezeka ma eyapoti padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza malo akuluakulu apadziko lonse monga Dubai, Dortmund, Stuttgart, London Heathrow, Manchester, Copenhagen, ndi Auckland Koln, ndi Bonn. Ma eyapoti onse akuluakulu ku 27 ku Australia asintha kupita ku zojambula za F3. Makampani azigawo azokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito foams F3 akuphatikiza BP ndi ExxonMobil.
Komabe DOD imapitilizabe kuwononga thanzi la anthu, kufuna kwawo. Alemba posachedwa a Lipoti Lotsogola Kwambiri pa PFAS, adapanga zododometsa anthu pomwe akupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoopsa. Amati ali ndi zolinga zitatu: (1) kuchepetsa ndi kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito thovu; (2) kumvetsetsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi PFAS pa thanzi la anthu; ndi (3) kukwaniritsa udindo wawo woyeretsa wokhudzana ndi PFAS. Ndi makala.
DOD sinawonetsetse pang'onopang'ono pakuchepetsa ndi kuthetsa ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito thovu. Pentagon imanyalanyaza sayansi kumbuyo kwa olowa m'malo pomwe imaganiza pulogalamu yamphamvu yopanga zida zotetezeka. Iwo akhala akudziwa za kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe kwa mibadwo iwiri. Asitikali aku US akangoyeretsa pang'ono chabe zovuta zomwe adapanga padziko lonse lapansi.
Ngati oyang'anira ku Futenma anali ofunadi kuteteza thanzi la anthu ndikuyeretsa PFAS ku Okinawa, akanayesa madzi pachilumbachi chonse, kuphatikiza madzi amphepo ndi madzi akunyalala otuluka malo owonongeka. Amayesa biosolids ndi sewer sludge. Ndipo amayesa zakudya zam'nyanja ndi ulimi.
Pentagon's Progress Report idasanthula ndondomeko yomwe DOD ikuyendetsa pakalipano ndikuwonetsetsa kuti a DoD "achitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti athane ndi zovuta paumoyo wa anthu chifukwa cha zochita za DoD ndikutsatira mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi." Palibe zodabwitsa pamenepo. DOD nthawi zonse imadzipatsa mphamvu zambiri pakusamalira chilengedwe.
Zachisoni, sitingayang'anire ku Congress kuti ikuwunikire pazomwe amachita DOD. Ganizirani za 2020 National Defense Authorization Act zomwe zimapatsa gulu lankhondo ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito thonje lakupha mpaka kalekale.
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa 2023 Nkhondo ikufunika kuti ipange zida zoyatsira moto wopanda mafuta (pomwe ozimitsa moto alipo kale) kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pazokhazikitsidwa zankhondo zonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofika chaka cha 2025. Chofiyira chopanda mafuta chingakhale zofunikira pankhondo zonse zaku US pambuyo pa Seputembara 25, 2025. Komabe, asitikali akhoza kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito zochotsa mitembo ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kumawoneka ngati "kofunikira kutetezera moyo ndi chitetezo." NDAA sichitchula mwachindunji kuti akutanthauza moyo ndi chitetezo chiti. Poganizira momwe dziko limayendera, wina angaganize kuti ali ndi nkhawa za "moyo ndi chitetezo" cha mamembala a ntchito aku America ndi omwe amawadalira. Satetezanso ngakhale miyoyoyo ku PFAS yawo.
Asitikali ayenera kupereka ku Congress "kuwunikira kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito chithovu chamadzi oundana" ndi chifukwa chomwe kupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni kumakhudzira zovuta za anthu otere. Sizingakhale zovuta kuti asitikali apange lipoti lotere, kutanthauza kuti Okinawans ndi mbadwa zawo angayembekezere kupunditsidwa kwamuyaya. PFAS m'matumbo ikhoza kusintha DNA.
Kuphatikiza apo, NDAA ipitilizabe kulola kutulutsidwa kwa AFFF ndi cholinga chakuyankha mwadzidzidzi komanso kuyesa zida kapena maphunziro a anthu ogwira ntchito, "ngati tili ndi zida zonse, zojambulidwa, ndi njira zoyenera zotayidwira zatsimikizika kuti AFFF izitulutsidwa. chilengedwe. ” Zingatheke bwanji, kuti zitheke pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoponderezana zoponyera malita 227,000 m'mphindi zochepa?
Msonkhano wapamwamba komanso sitampu ya mphira PFAS Task Force imalimbitsa mkhalidwe wamagalimoto womwe a David Steele, wamkulu wa Futenma Air Base, adati, pofotokoza posachedwa kwaphulika kwa thovu lamoto ku Okinawa, "Ngati kugwa mvula, kutha."
Tithokoze a Joe Essertier chifukwa cha kusintha kwake ndi ndemanga.
Pat Mkulu ndi World BEYOND War mamembala a board ndi mtolankhani wofufuza ndi ntchakumalii.it, bungwe lochokera ku Camp Lejeune, NC lomwe limatsata kuipitsidwa kwa asitikali.
