Opanga Zida Zankhondo aku US Ayika Ndalama mu Nkhondo Yatsopano Yozizira

Chokhachokha: Kumbuyo kwa mfuu yazandale zaku US pa Cold War yatsopano ndi Russia ndikugulitsa kwakukulu kwa Military-Industrial Complex mu "ma tanki oganiza" ndi malo ena ofalitsa nkhani zabodza, alemba Jonathan Marshall.

Ndi Jonathan Marshall, Nkhani za Consortium

Asilikali aku US apambana nkhondo imodzi yokha kuyambira kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (Gulf War of 1990-91). Koma makontrakitala ankhondo aku US akupitilizabe kupambana nkhondo zazikuluzikulu ku Congress pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, kutsimikizira kuti palibe mphamvu padziko lapansi yomwe ingakane mphamvu zawo zokopa anthu komanso ndale.

Ganizirani za ulendo wopita kuchipambano cha pulogalamu yayikulu kwambiri ya zida zankhondo m'mbiri - kugulidwa kwa ndege zapamwamba za Lockheed-Martin F-35 ndi Air Force, Navy, ndi Marines pamtengo wokwanira zoposa $ 1 trilioni.

Air Force ndi Marines onse alengeza kuti Joint Strike Fighter yakonzeka kumenya nkhondo, ndipo Congress tsopano ikufuna mabiliyoni a madola pachaka kuti ipeze zomwe zikuyenera kukhala ndege za 2,400.

Komabe woponya mabomba wokwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lonse sakugwirabe ntchito bwino ndipo mwina sangachite monga momwe amalengezera. Si zimenezo “dezinformatsiya” kuchokera ku Russian “information warfare” akatswiri. Ndilo lingaliro lovomerezeka la wowunika zida zapamwamba wa Pentagon, Michael Gilmore.

mu Aug, 9 memo zopezedwa ndi Bloomberg News, Gilmore anachenjeza akuluakulu a Pentagon kuti pulogalamu ya F-35 "siili panjira yopita kuchipambano koma m'malo molephera kupereka" zomwe ndegeyo idalonjeza. Anati pulogalamuyo "ikutha nthawi ndi ndalama kuti amalize kuyesa ndege zomwe zakonzedwa ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira ndikusintha."

Mfumukazi yoyesa zankhondo inanena kuti zovuta zamapulogalamu ndi zovuta zoyesa "zikupitilira kupezeka pamlingo wokulirapo." Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ndegezo zingalephere kutsatira zimene zikuyenda pansi, kuchenjeza oyendetsa ndege akaona zida za adani, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito bomba lomwe langopangidwa kumene. Ngakhale mfuti ya F-35 singagwire bwino ntchito.

Mayeso Owononga

Kuwunika kwamkati kwa Pentagon kunali kwaposachedwa kwambiri pamndandanda wautali wa kuwunika kowononga ndi zolepheretsa chitukuko cha ndege. Zimaphatikizapo kukhazikika kwa ndege mobwerezabwereza chifukwa cha moto ndi zina zachitetezo; kupezeka kwa kusakhazikika kwa injini yowopsa; ndi zipewa zomwe zingayambitse chikwapu chakupha. Ndegeyo idamenyedwa momveka bwino pochita chinkhoswe ndi F-16 yakale kwambiri (komanso yotsika mtengo).

Chaka chatha, an nkhani mu Conservative Ndemanga Yadziko Anati "chiwopsezo chachikulu chomwe asitikali aku US akukumana nacho m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi si kupha zida zankhondo zaku China zolimbana ndi zombo, kapena kuchuluka kwa zida zotsika mtengo zamagetsi adizilo, kapena mapulogalamu odana ndi satelayiti aku China ndi Russia. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chimachokera ku F-35. . . Pazambiri za madola triliyoni-kuphatikiza izi timapeza ndege yochedwa kwambiri kuposa 1970s F-14 Tomcat, ndege yomwe ili ndi zosakwana theka la A-40 Intruder wazaka 6. . . ndi ndege yomwe inali ndi mutu wake ndi F-16 pampikisano waposachedwa wagalu. "

Poyerekeza F-35 ndi pulogalamu ya ndege yankhondo yomwe idalephera kale, Colonel Dan Ward wopuma pantchito adawona chaka chatha, "Mwinamwake njira yabwino kwambiri ya Joint Strike Fighter ndi yoti atsatire mapazi a F-22 ndikupereka luso lankhondo lomwe silikugwirizana ndi zosowa zenizeni zankhondo. Mwanjira imeneyi, zombo zonse zikakhazikika chifukwa cha vuto lomwe silingathetsedwe, zomwe zingawononge chitetezo chathu sizingachitike. ”

Lockheed's "Pay-to-Play Ad Agency"

Kubwera kuchitetezo cha pulogalamu posachedwapa anali katswiri wa zankhondo Dan Goure, mu blog ya magazini olemekezeka, Chidwi cha Dziko. Goure adanyoza otsutsa mu ofesi ya Pentagon's Operational Test and Evaluation Office monga "anthu a maso obiriwira, monga ma goblins ku Gringott mu mndandanda wa Harry Potter."

Pofotokoza za F-35 ngati "pulatifomu yosinthira," adatero, "Kutha kwake kugwira ntchito mosadziwika bwino mumlengalenga wankhanza, kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso komanso kutsata zidziwitso pamlengalenga wa adani ndi zolinga zapansi, asanayambe kuwopseza modzidzimutsa akuwonetsa mwayi wopambana pazowopsa zomwe zilipo. . . . . Pulogalamu yoyeserera ya Joint Strike Fighter ikupita patsogolo mwachangu. Zowonjezereka, ngakhale isanamalize template yolimba yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi DOT&E, F-35 yawonetsa kuthekera kopitilira msilikali aliyense wa Kumadzulo. "

Ngati izo zikuwerengedwa pang'ono ngati kabuku ka malonda a Lockheed-Martin, ganizirani gwero. M'nkhani yake, Goure adadziwonetsa yekha ngati wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Lexington Institute, yomwe ngongole palokha monga "bungwe lopanda phindu lofufuza mfundo za anthu lomwe lili ku Arlington, Virginia."

Zomwe Goure sananene - ndipo Lexington Institute sichiwulula - ndikuti "imalandira zopereka kuchokera kwa zimphona zachitetezo Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman ndi ena, omwe amalipira Lexington kuti 'ayankhe pachitetezo,'" malinga ndi a 2010 mbiri inPolitico.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chomwecho, Harper a Wothandizira Ken Silverstein wotchedwa gulu la anthu oganiza bwino lomwe limatchulidwa kwambiri "bungwe lotsatsa malonda lolipira kuti lizisewera." Ananenanso kuti, "Zovala ngati Lexington zimapanga misonkhano ya atolankhani, mapepala apamwamba ndi ma Op-eds omwe amasunga ndalama zankhondo kupita kwa makontrakitala achitetezo."

Kulumikizana kosalunjika kwa Goure ndi Lockheed kumapereka lingaliro la chifukwa chomwe mapulogalamu ngati F-35 akupitilizabe kuchita bwino ngakhale alephereka, kuchulukirachulukira kwamitengo, komanso kuchedwa kwadongosolo komwe kungayambitse kufufuzidwa kwamilandu ndikutulutsa mawu okwiya kuchokera kwa othirira ndemanga a Fox News. za kulephera kwa boma.

Kulimbikitsa Nkhondo Yatsopano Yozizira

Ganizirani akasinja ngati Lexington Institute ali oyambitsa zoyamba kuseri kwa kampeni yofalitsa nkhani zapanyumba zotsitsimutsa Nkhondo Yozizira motsutsana ndi dziko la Russia lomwe likucheperachepera ndikulungamitsa mapulogalamu a zida ngati F-35.

Monga Lee Fang posachedwapa in The Intercept, "Kukula kwa mawu odana ndi Russia pa kampeni ya Purezidenti wa US kukubwera mkati mwa kukankha kwakukulu kwa makontrakitala ankhondo kuti aike Moscow ngati mdani wamphamvu yemwe akuyenera kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mayiko a NATO akuwononga pankhondo."

Chifukwa chake, Lockheed-Fund Aerospace Industries Association Imachenjeza kuti olamulira a Obama akulephera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwanira "ndege, zombo ndi zida zankhondo zapansi" kuti athe kuthana ndi "nkhanza zaku Russia pakhomo la NATO." The Lockheed- ndi Pentagon-ndalamaCenter for European Policy Analysis ikupereka mndandanda wa malipoti a alarmist za ziwopsezo zankhondo zaku Russia ku Eastern Europe.

Ndipo Atlantic Council yotchuka kwambiri - Ndalama ndi Lockheed-Martin, Raytheon, US Navy, Army, Air Force, Marines, komanso Ukraine World Congress - amalimbikitsa nkhani monga "Chifukwa chiyani Mtendere ndi Wosatheka ndi Putin" ndi analengeza kuti NATO iyenera "kudzipereka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri zankhondo" kuthana ndi "Russian revanchist."

Chiyambi cha Kukula kwa NATO

Kampeni yowonetsa dziko la Russia ngati chiwopsezo, motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito ndi akatswiri omwe amapeza ndalama ndi makontrakitala, idayamba Nkhondo Yozizira itangotha. Mu 1996, wamkulu wa Lockheed Bruce Jackson maziko Komiti ya US ya NATO, yomwe mawu ake anali "Limbitsani America, Secure Europe. Tetezani Makhalidwe. Wonjezerani NATO. "

Ntchito yake inayenda mosiyana ndi amalonjeza ndi oyang'anira a George HW Bush kuti asawonjezere mgwirizano wankhondo waku Western kum'mawa pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union.

Kujowina Jackson anali akapolo a neo-conservative monga Paul Wolfowitz, Richard Perle ndi Robert Kagan. Mmodzi wa neocon insider wotchedwa Jackson - yemwe adapezanso Komiti Yomasula Iraq - "mgwirizano pakati pa makampani a chitetezo ndi neoconservatives. Amatimasulira ife kwa iwo, ndi iwo kwa ife.”

Kukopa kwamphamvu ndi kopambana kwa bungweli sikunapite patsogolo. Mu 1998, a New York Times inanena kuti "Opanga zida zankhondo aku America, omwe akuyembekezeka kupeza mabiliyoni a madola pakugulitsa zida, njira zolumikizirana ndi zida zina zankhondo ngati Nyumba ya Senate ivomereza kukulitsa kwa NATO, apanga ndalama zambiri kwa olandirira alendo ndikupereka kampeni kuti alimbikitse zolinga zawo ku Washington. . . .

"Makampani khumi ndi awiri omwe bizinesi yawo yayikulu ndi zida apatsa ofuna kusankhidwa ndalama zokwana $32.3 miliyoni kuyambira pomwe Chikomyunizimu Kum'mawa kwa Europe chinatha kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi. Poyerekeza, malo ofikirako fodya anawononga $26.9 miliyoni m’nyengo imodzimodziyo, 1991 mpaka 1997.”

Mneneri wa Lockheed adati, "Tatenga njira yayitali yokulitsa NATO, kukhazikitsa mgwirizano. Tsiku likadzafika ndipo maikowo ali ndi mwayi wogula ndege zankhondo, timafunitsitsa kukhala opikisana nawo. ”

Kukopako kunagwira ntchito. Mu 1999, motsutsana ndi chitsutso cha Russia, NATO idalanda Czech Republic, Hungary ndi Poland. Mu 2004, inawonjezera Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia ndi Slovenia. Albania ndi Croatia adagwirizananso mu 2009. Movutitsa kwambiri, mu 2008 NATO inapempha Ukraine kuti ilowe nawo mgwirizano wa azungu, zomwe zinayambitsa mkangano woopsa pakati pa NATO ndi Russia pa dzikolo lero.

Chuma cha opanga zida zankhondo aku America chinakwera kwambiri. "Pofika chaka cha 2014, mamembala khumi ndi awiri a [NATO] adagula zida zankhondo zaku America zokwana $17 biliyoni," malinga kwa Andrew Cockburn, “pamene . . . Romania idakondwerera kubwera kwa zida zodzitetezera ku Eastern Europe zokwana $134 miliyoni za Lockheed Martin Aegis Ashore.

Kugwa kotsiriza, Washington Business Journal inanena kuti "ngati wina akupindula ndi kusakhazikika pakati pa Russia ndi dziko lonse lapansi, kuyenera kukhala ku Bethesda-Lockheed Martin Corp. (NYSE: LMT). Kampaniyo ili ndi mwayi wopeza phindu lalikulu potengera ndalama zomwe mayiko oyandikana nawo a Russia angawononge pankhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi. ”

Potchula mgwirizano waukulu wogulitsira zida ku Poland, nyuzipepalayo inawonjezera kuti, "Akuluakulu a ku Lockheed sakunena momveka bwino kuti adventurism ya Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin ku Ukraine ndi yabwino kwa bizinesi, koma sakuopa kuzindikira mwayi umene Poland ili nawo. ndikuwawonetsa pamene Warsaw ikupitiriza ntchito yaikulu yopititsa patsogolo usilikali - yomwe yakula kwambiri pamene mikangano ikuchitika ku Eastern Europe."

Makina Othandizira a Lockheed

Lockheed akupitilizabe kuyika ndalama mu ndale zaku America kuti awonetsetse kuti ikukhalabe kontrakitala wamkulu wankhondo mdziko muno. Kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2015, ndi kulimbikitsa ndalama idaposa $13 miliyoni yonse kupatula chaka chimodzi. Kampaniyo malonda owaza kuchokera ku pulogalamu ya F-35 kupita ku mayiko 46 ndipo akuti imapanga ntchito masauzande ambiri.

Pakati pa mayiko 18 omwe akusangalala ndi chuma choposa $100 miliyoni kuchokera ku ndege yankhondo ndi Vermont - ndichifukwa chake F-35 imapeza thandizo. ngakhale Sen. Bernie Sanders.

Monga momwe anauzira msonkhano wina wa m’tauniyo kuti, “Pali anthu mazanamazana. Imapereka maphunziro aku koleji kwa mazana a anthu. Chifukwa chake kwa ine funso siliri ngati tili ndi F-35 kapena ayi. Ili pano. Funso kwa ine ndilakuti ili ku Burlington, Vermont kapena ili ku Florida.

Mu 1961, Purezidenti Eisenhower anaona kuti “mgwirizano wa gulu lalikulu la asilikali ndi makampani aakulu a zida zankhondo” unayamba kukhudza “mzinda uliwonse, nyumba iliyonse ya Boma, ofesi iliyonse ya boma la Federal.

M’mawu ake otchuka otsanzikana ku mtunduwo, Eisenhower anachenjeza kuti “tiyenera kusamala kuti tisatengere chisonkhezero chosayenera, kaya chofuna kapena chosafunidwa, ndi magulu ankhondo ndi mafakitale. Kuthekera kwa kukwera kowopsa kwa ulamuliro wolakwika kulipo ndipo kupitilirabe. "

Iye anali wolondola bwanji. Koma ngakhale Ike sakanatha kuganiza kuti dziko lidzawononga ndalama zochuluka bwanji chifukwa cholephera kusunga zovutazo - kuyambira pulogalamu ya ndege yankhondo ya madola mabiliyoni mpaka kuuka kopanda kufunikira komanso koopsa kwambiri kwa Cold War patatha zaka zana pambuyo poti mayiko akumadzulo adakwaniritsa. chigonjetso.