Kuwulula Mithunzi: Kuwulula Zowona Zankhondo Zankhondo Zaku US ku 2023

Wolemba Mohammed Abunahel, World BEYOND War, May 30, 2023

Kukhalapo kwa magulu ankhondo aku US kutsidya kwa nyanja kwakhala nkhani yodetsa nkhawa komanso kutsutsana kwazaka zambiri. United States ikuyesera kulungamitsa maziko awa ngati ofunikira kuti chitetezo cha dziko ndi bata padziko lonse lapansi; komabe, mikangano imeneyi kaŵirikaŵiri ilibe kukhudzika. Ndipo maziko awa ali ndi zoyipa zosawerengeka zomwe zawonekera kwambiri. Kuopsa kwa maziko awa kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi chiwerengero chawo, chifukwa United States tsopano ili ndi ufumu wa malo ankhondo kumene dzuŵa silimalowa, likuyenda m'mayiko a 100 ndipo akuyerekeza kukhala pafupi ndi maziko a 900, malinga ndi a Visual Database Chida analengedwa ndi World BEYOND War (WBW). Ndiye, maziko awa ali kuti? Kodi ogwira ntchito aku US amatumizidwa kuti? Kodi United States imawononga ndalama zingati pazankhondo?

Ndikutsutsa kuti chiwerengero chenicheni cha maziko awa sichidziwika komanso sichidziwika bwino, popeza gwero lalikulu, lipoti la Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo (DoD) limagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo alibe kuwonekera komanso kudalirika. DoD ikufuna dala kupereka zambiri zosakwanira pazifukwa zambiri zodziwika komanso zosadziwika.

Ndisanadumphire mwatsatanetsatane, ndikofunikira kufotokozera: Kodi maziko aku US akunja ndi ati? Maziko akunja ndi malo osiyana omwe ali kunja kwa malire a US, omwe atha kukhala ake, obwerekedwa, kapena pansi pa ulamuliro wa DoD monga madera, zilumba, nyumba, zida, zowongolera ndi zowongolera, malo opangira zinthu, mbali za ma eyapoti, kapena madoko apamadzi. Malowa nthawi zambiri amakhala malo ankhondo omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali aku US kumayiko akunja kutumiza asitikali, kuchita zankhondo, ndikuwonetsa mphamvu zankhondo zaku US m'magawo ofunika padziko lonse lapansi kapena kusunga zida zanyukiliya.

Mbiri yochuluka ya United States yoyambitsa nkhondo nthawi zonse ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi magulu akuluakulu a asilikali akunja. Ndi maziko pafupifupi 900 amwazikana m'maiko opitilira 100, US yakhazikitsa kupezeka kwapadziko lonse kosayerekezeka ndi dziko lina lililonse, kuphatikiza Russia kapena China.

Kuphatikiza kwa mbiri yakale ya United States yoyambitsa nkhondo ndi magulu ake akuluakulu a mabungwe akunja akupereka chithunzi chovuta cha ntchito yake popangitsa dziko kukhala losakhazikika. Mbiri yakale yopanga nkhondo ndi United States ikugogomezeranso kufunika kwa maziko akunjawa. Kukhalapo kwa maziko awa kukuwonetsa kukonzekera kwa US kuyambitsa nkhondo yatsopano. Asitikali aku US adalira makhazikitsidwe awa kuti athandizire kampeni zake zosiyanasiyana zankhondo ndikuchitapo kanthu m'mbiri yonse. Kuyambira m'mphepete mwa Europe mpaka kumadera akulu a Asia-Pacific, maziko awa atenga gawo lofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo ntchito zankhondo zaku US ndikuwonetsetsa kuti US ikulamulira padziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi Ntchito ya Costs of War ku Brown University, Zaka 20 pambuyo pa chochitika cha 9/11, US yawononga $8 thililiyoni pa zomwe zimatchedwa "nkhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi zigawenga." Kafukufukuyu akuti ndalama zokwana $300 miliyoni patsiku kwa zaka 20. Nkhondo zimenezi zapha anthu oyerekezera anthu miliyoni 6.

Mu 2022, US idawononga $876.94 Biliyoni pa zankhondo zake, zomwe zimapangitsa US kukhala yowononga ndalama zambiri zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi. Ndalama zimenezi n’zofanana ndi zimene mayiko 875.82 amawononga pankhondo zawo, zomwe ndi: China, Russia, India, Saudi Arabia, Great Britain, Germany, France, Korea (Republic of), Japan, Ukraine, ndi Canada; ndalama zawo zonse ndi $1 biliyoni. Chithunzi XNUMX chikuwonetsa mayiko omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri padziko lonse lapansi. (Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde onani WBW's Kujambula Militarism).

Chowopsa china chagona pakutumiza kwa asitikali aku US padziko lonse lapansi. Kutumiza kumeneku kumakhudzanso ntchito zofunika kusamutsa asitikali ndi zida kuchokera kunyumba kwawo kupita kumalo osankhidwa. Pofika chaka cha 2023, chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito ku US omwe atumizidwa kumayiko akunja ndi 150,851 (Nambalayi sichiphatikizapo asilikali a Navy ku Armed Forces Europe kapena Armed Forces Pacific kapena magulu onse "apadera", CIA, mercenaries, makontrakitala, otenga nawo mbali pa nkhondo zina. (Syria, Ukraine, etc.) Japan ili ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha asilikali a US padziko lonse lapansi ndikutsatiridwa ndi Korea (Republic of) ndi Italy, ndi 69,340, 14,765 ndi 13,395, motsatira, monga momwe tikuonera pa Chithunzi 2. zambiri, chonde onani Kujambula Militarism).

Kukhalapo kwa asitikali aku US m'malo akunja kwalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zingapo. Kulikonse komwe kuli maziko, pakhala pali zochitika zomwe asitikali aku US akuimbidwa milandu, kuphatikiza milandu yomenya, kugwiririra, ndi zolakwa zina.

Komanso, kukhalapo kwa zida zankhondo ndi zochitika zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira za chilengedwe. Ntchito zankhondo, kuphatikiza zophunzitsira, zitha kuthandizira kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowopsa komanso kukhudzidwa kwa zida zankhondo pazachilengedwe zakumaloko zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo ku chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.

Malinga ndi Visual Database Chida analengedwa ndi World BEYOND War, Germany ili ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha maziko a US padziko lonse lapansi akutsatiridwa ndi Japan ndi South Korea, ndi 172, 99 ndi 62, motero, monga momwe tikuonera Chithunzi 3.

Kutengera malipoti a DoD, malo ankhondo aku US akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:

• Zoyambira zazikulu: kukhazikitsidwa kwa maziko/ankhondo omwe ali kudziko lachilendo, komwe kuli kokulirapo kuposa maekala 10 (mahekitala 4) kapena ofunika kuposa $10 miliyoni. Maziko awa akuphatikizidwa mu malipoti a DoD, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti maziko aliwonsewa ali ndi asitikali opitilira 200 aku US. Oposa theka la mabungwe aku US akumayiko akunja alembedwa pansi pa gululi.
• Maziko ang'onoang'ono: kuyika maziko/ankhondo omwe ali kudziko lachilendo, komwe kuli kochepera maekala 10 (mahekitala 4) kapena kuli ndi mtengo wochepera $10 miliyoni. Malo awa sanaphatikizidwe mu malipoti a DoD.

Ku Middle East, malo Al Udeid Air Base ndiye gulu lalikulu kwambiri lankhondo la US. United States ikukhalabe ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu ku Middle East. Kukhalapo kumeneku kumadziwika ndi kutumizidwa kwa asitikali, mabwalo, ndi zida zankhondo zosiyanasiyana mdera lonselo. Mayiko ofunikira omwe akukhazikitsa asitikali aku US mderali akuphatikizapo Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, ndi United Arab Emirates. Kuphatikiza apo, Gulu Lankhondo la US limagwira ntchito zankhondo zapamadzi ku Persian Gulf ndi Nyanja ya Arabia.

Chitsanzo china ndi ku Ulaya. Ku Europe kuli malo osachepera 324, omwe amakhala ku Germany, Italy ndi United Kingdom. Malo akuluakulu a asitikali aku US ndi zida zankhondo ku Europe ndi Ramstein Air Base ku Germany.

Kuphatikiza apo, ku Europe komwe, US idatero zida za nyukiliya m'malo asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu. Table 1 imapereka chithunzithunzi cha komwe kuli zida zanyukiliya zaku US ku Europe, makamaka kuyang'ana maziko angapo ndi kuchuluka kwawo kwa bomba ndi zambiri. Makamaka, RAF Lakenheath yaku United Kingdom idachita Zida za nyukiliya 110 zaku US mpaka 2008, ndipo US akufuna kusunga zida za nyukiliya kumeneko kachiwiri, monga Russia amatsatira chitsanzo US ndi akumufunsira kusunga nukes mu Belarus. Air Base yaku Turkey ya Incirlik Air Base nayonso ili ndi bomba la 90, lopangidwa ndi 50 B61-3 ndi 40 B61-4.

Gulu 1: Zida za Nyukiliya za US ku Ulaya

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa maziko awa ankhondo aku US padziko lonse lapansi kuli ndi mbiri yovuta yolumikizana ndi machitidwe a geopolitical ndi njira zankhondo. Zina mwazoyikako zidachokera ku malo omwe adatengedwa ngati zofunkha pankhondo, zomwe zikuwonetsa zotsatira za mikangano yakale komanso kusinthana kwamadera. Kupitirizabe kukhalapo ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mazikowa kumadalira mapangano ogwirizana ndi maboma omwe akukhala nawo, omwe, nthawi zina, akhala akugwirizana ndi maulamuliro aulamuliro kapena maboma opondereza omwe amapindula ndi kukhalapo kwa maziko awa.

Tsoka ilo, kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukonza malowa nthawi zambiri kwabwera chifukwa cha mtengo wa anthu am'deralo komanso madera. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amasamutsidwa m’nyumba zawo ndi madera awo n’cholinga chomanga malo ankhondo. Kusamuka kumeneku kwakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachuma, kulepheretsa anthu kupeza zofunika pamoyo wawo, kusokoneza chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso kusokoneza chikhalidwe cha madera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa maziko awa kwathandizira zovuta zachilengedwe. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa nthaka ndi chitukuko chofunikira pakuyika izi kwapangitsa kuti ntchito zaulimi zisamayende bwino ndikutaya minda yofunika kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, ntchito za malowa zabweretsa kuipitsa kwakukulu m'madzi am'deralo ndi mpweya, zomwe zikuika chiwopsezo ku thanzi ndi moyo wamadera oyandikana nawo komanso zachilengedwe. Kukhalapo kosavomerezeka kwa magulu ankhondo awa nthawi zambiri kwasokoneza ubale pakati pa anthu omwe akukhala nawo ndi magulu omwe akukhalapo - United States - kukulitsa mikangano ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi ulamuliro ndi kudziyimira pawokha.

Ndikofunikira kuvomereza zovuta komanso zovuta zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maziko ankhondo awa. Kulengedwa ndi kupitirizabe kukhalapo sikunakhale kopanda zotsatira zazikulu za chikhalidwe, chilengedwe, ndi ndale kwa mayiko omwe ali nawo ndi okhalamo. Nkhanizi zidzapitirira malinga ngati maziko awa alipo.