Mwa Patrick Kennelly
2014 ndi chaka chakupha kwambiri ku Afghanistan kwa anthu wamba, omenyera nkhondo, komanso akunja. Zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri pomwe nthano yaboma la Afghanistan ikupitilizabe. Zaka khumi ndi zitatu kuchokera ku nkhondo yayitali kwambiri ku America, mayiko akunja akuti Afghanistan ikukulirakulirabe, ngakhale pafupifupi zisonyezo zonse zikusonyeza mwina. Posachedwa, boma lalikulu lalephera (kachiwiri) kupanga zisankho mwachilungamo komanso mwadongosolo kapena kuwonetsa ulamuliro wawo. M'malo mwake, a John Kerry adapita mdzikolo ndikukonzekera utsogoleri watsopano mdziko lonse. Makamerawo adagulitsidwa ndipo boma la umodzi lidalengezedwa. Atsogoleri akunja omwe adakumana ku London adaganiza zandalama zatsopano ndi ndalama zoyendetsera 'mgwirizano wamayiko'. Pasanathe masiku angapo, United Nations idathandizira broker mgwirizano wosunga asitikali akunja mdzikolo, pomwe Pulezidenti Obama adalengeza kuti nkhondoyo ikutha — ngakhale akuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa asitikali pansi. Ku Afghanistan, Purezidenti Ghani adasokoneza nduna ndipo anthu ambiri akuganiza kuti zisankho zanyumba yamalamulo ya 2015 ziziimitsidwa.
Anthu a ku Taliban ndi magulu ena achigawenga akupitirizabe kugwirizanitsa ndipo awonjezereka mbali zina za dziko lomwe likulamulidwa. M'madera onse, ngakhale m'midzi ina yaikulu, a Taliban ayamba kutenga msonkho ndipo akuyesetsa kupeza njira zazikulu. Kabul-mzinda womwe umatchedwa mzinda wokhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri pa dziko lapansi-wakhala uli pamapeto chifukwa cha mabomba ambiri odzipha. Kuwukira kwa zolinga zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ku masukulu apamwamba kupita kunyumba kwa alendo akunja, asilikali, komanso ngakhale ofesi ya apolisi wa Kabul adalongosola momveka bwino mphamvu zotsutsana ndi boma kuti zigwirizane ndi chifuniro. Poyankha vutoli likukula, chipatala cha Emergency Hospital ku Kabul chakakamizika kusiya kuchiza odwala omwe sali opweteka kuti apitirizebe kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amavulazidwa ndi mfuti, mabomba, kuphulika kwa mfuti, ndi migodi.
Pambuyo pazaka zinayi ndikupita ku Afghanistan kukachita nawo zokambirana, ndamva anthu aku Afghani akunong'oneza za Afghanistan ngati dziko lolephera, monga momwe atolankhani ananenera kukula, chitukuko, ndi demokalase. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthabwala zakuda kuti afotokoze momwe zinthu ziliri ku Afghans nthabwala kuti zonse zikuyenda momwe ziyenera kukhalira; amavomereza chowonadi chosaneneka. Amanenanso kuti magulu opitilira 101,000 akunja adaphunzitsidwa kulimbana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhanza omwe agwiritsa ntchito maphunziro awo bwino-pogwiritsa ntchito nkhanza; kuti ogulitsa zida awonetsetsa kuti magulu onse atha kupitiliza kumenya nkhondo kwa zaka zikubwerazi popereka zida mbali zonse; kuti opereka ndalama ochokera kumayiko ena akuthandizira magulu otsutsa komanso magulu ankhondo amatha kumaliza ntchito zawo-zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ziwawa zochulukirapo komanso kusayankha mlandu; kuti mabungwe omwe siaboma padziko lonse lapansi akugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndipo apindula ndi ndalama zoposa $ 100 biliyoni; ndikuti zochuluka zomwe zidasungidwa zimasungidwa kumaakaunti akunja akunja, makamaka kupindulitsa alendo komanso ma Afghans ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe ambiri omwe amati ndi "opanda tsankho", komanso mabungwe ena akuluakulu aboma, agwirizana ndi magulu ankhondo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake ngakhale chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri chakhala chankhondo komanso ndale. Kwa anthu wamba aku Afghanistani zenizeni zimakhala zomveka. Zaka khumi ndi zitatu zokhala ndi ndalama zankhondo komanso kumasula ufulu wasiya dzikolo m'manja mwa maiko akunja, mabungwe omwe siaboma, ndikumenyana pakati pa atsogoleri ankhondo omwewo ndi a Taliban. Zotsatira zake ndikukhazikika komwe kukukula posachedwa pokhala dziko lodziyimira pawokha.
Komabe, pamaulendo anga opita ku Afghanistan, ndidamvanso kunong'onezana kwina, mosiyana ndi nkhani yofotokozedwa ndi atolankhani ambiri. Ndiye kuti, pali kuthekera kwina, kuti njira yakale sinagwire ntchito, ndipo ndi nthawi yosintha; kuti nkhanza zitha kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zikukumana ndi dzikoli. Ku Kabul, Border Free Center - malo achitetezo omwe achinyamata amatha kuwona nawo mbali pakukweza anthu, - akuwunika kugwiritsa ntchito nkhanza kuti ayesetse kukhazikitsa bata, kusunga bata, ndikumanga bata. Achinyamatawa akuchita nawo ziwonetsero zowonetsa momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ingagwire ntchito ndikukhala limodzi. Akupanga chuma china chomwe sichidalira chiwawa kuti apezere ndalama anthu aku Afghani onse, makamaka amasiye ndi ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Akuphunzitsa ana akumisewu ndikukonzekera njira zochepetsera zida mdziko muno. Akugwira ntchito yosamalira zachilengedwe ndikupanga minda yazachilengedwe kuti iwonetse momwe angachiritsire nthaka. Ntchito yawo ikuwonetsa zosaneneka ku Afghanistan-kuti anthu akamachita nawo ntchito yamtendere, kupita patsogolo kwenikweni kumatheka.
Mwina ngati zaka zapitazi za 13 zinkakhala zovuta kwambiri pa zandale zandale komanso zothandizira usilikali komanso zowonjezereka pazochitika monga Border Free Border, zinthu ku Afghanistan zikhoza kukhala zosiyana. Ngati mphamvu zinkangoganizira za mtendere, mtendere, ndi kumanga mtendere, mwinamwake anthu amatha kuvomereza kuti zinthuzo zikuchitikadi ndikupanga kusintha koona kwa dziko la Afghanistani.
Pat Kennelly ndi Mkulu wa Marquette University Center ya Kukhazikitsa mtendere ndikugwira nawo ntchito Mauthenga a Zopanda Chilengedwe. Iye akulemba kuchokera ku Kabul, Afghanistan ndipo akhoza kulankhulana naye kennellyp@gmail.com
