United States Basamali a Asilikali ku Caribbean, Central ndi South America

Msonkhano wa Msonkhano Wadziko lonse wa 4th wa Mtendere ndi kuthetseratu mabungwe apakati a asilikali
Guantanamo, Cuba
November 23-24, 2015
Ndi Colonel wa US Army (Wopuma pantchito) ndi wachikulire wa United States Ann Wright

Choyamba, ndilole ndikuthokoze World Peace Council (WPC) ndi Cuban Movement for Peace ndi Ulamuliro wa Anthu (MovPaz), Wotsogolera Wachigawo wa WPC ku America ndi ku Caribbean, pokonzekera ndi kuchititsa msonkhano wa 4th International Peace and Abolition za maziko a asilikali akunja.

Ndili ndi mwayi wolankhula pamsonkhanowu makamaka zakufunika kothetsa magulu ankhondo aku United States ku Caribbean, Central ndi South America. Choyamba, ndiloleni ndinene m'malo mwa nthumwi zochokera ku United States, makamaka nthumwi zathu ndi CODEPINK: Women for Peace, tikupepesa pakupitilizabe kwa US Naval Base kuno ku Guantanamo komanso ndende yankhondo yaku US yomwe yayika mdima mthunzi pa dzina la mzinda wanu wokongola wa Guantanamo.

Tikufuna kutsekedwa kwa ndende komanso kubwerera kwa nyanja ya US pambuyo pa zaka 112 kwa eni eni, anthu a ku Cuba. Chigwirizano chilichonse chogwiritsira ntchito nthaka nthawi zonse cholembedwa ndi boma la chidole cha wopeza mgwirizano sichikhoza kuima. Gombe la US Naval Base ku Guantanamo silofunika ku US defense strategy. M'malo mwake, zimapweteketsa dziko la US kutetezera monga mayiko ena ndi anthu ena akuwona kuti ndi mpeni pakati pa kusintha kwa Cuba, kusintha kwa United States kuyesa kugonjetsa kuyambira 1958.

Ndikufuna kuzindikira mamembala a 85 a nthumwi zosiyanasiyana ochokera ku United States- 60 kuchokera ku CODEPINK: Akazi a Mtendere, 15 kuchokera ku Witness Against Torture ndi 10 kuchokera ku United National Anti-War Coalition. Zonse zakhala ziphuphu zovuta za boma la US kwa zaka makumi ambiri, makamaka kubwezeretsedwa kwachuma ndichuma ku Cuba, kubwerera kwa Cuban Five ndikubwerera kumalo a nyanja ya Guantanamo.

Chachiwiri, ine ndikulephera kutenga nawo gawo mu msonkhano wa lero chifukwa cha zaka zanga za 40 zomwe ndikugwira ntchito mu boma la United States. Ndinatumikira zaka 29 ku US Army / Army Reserves ndikukhala pantchito monga Colonel. Ndinali msilikali wa US ku zaka za 16 ndipo ndinatumikira ku Mabungwe a ku America ku Nicaragua, Grenada, Somalia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sierra Leone, Micronesia, Afghanistan ndi Mongolia.

Komabe, mu March 2003, ine ndinali mmodzi mwa antchito atatu a boma la United States omwe anasiya zotsutsana ndi nkhondo ya Pulezidenti Bush ku Iraq. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ine, komanso anthu onse omwe timakhala nawo, takhala tikutsutsa malamulo a Bush Bush ndi Obama ku maiko osiyanasiyana ndi maiko ena, kuphatikizapo kutsegulidwa kwapadera, kutsekeredwa mwalamulo, kuzunzidwa, kupha munthu, kuchitira nkhanza apolisi, kutsekeredwa m'ndende , ndi mabungwe a US kudziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo ndithudi, maziko a asilikali a US ndi ndende ku Guantanamo.

Ndine womalizira pano ku Guantanamo ku 2006 ndi nthumwi ya CODEPINK yomwe inagwirizana ndi chipatala chakumbuyo kwa asilikali a US kuti atseka ndende ndikubwezeretsanso ku Cuba. Pakati pathu panali mmodzi mwa akaidi oyambirira kumasulidwa, nzika ya Britain, Asif Iqbal. Tili pano tinasonyeza anthu pafupifupi chikwi ku holo yaikulu ya mafilimu ku Gantanamo komanso kwa mamembala a diplomatic pamene tinabwerera ku Havana, kanema wa filimu "Road to Guantanamo," nkhani ya momwe Asif ndi ena awiri adadza atsekeredwe ndi United States. Pamene tinamufunsa Asif ngati angaganize kubwerera ku Cuba pa nthumwi zathu pambuyo pa zaka 3 za kundende, adati, "Inde, ndikufuna kuwona Cuba ndikukumana ndi Cuba" zonse zomwe ndinaziwona pamene ndinali kumeneko anali Achimereka. "

Mayi ndi mchimwene wa Omar Deghayes wokhala ku ndende ya ku Britain, adagwirizana ndi nthumwi zathu, ndipo sindidzaiwala amayi a Omar akuyang'ana mpanda wozunzikirapo kuti: "Kodi mukuganiza kuti Omar adziwa kuti tiri pano?" Anthu ena onse adadziwa kuti anali ngati ma TV padziko lonse kuchokera kunja kwa mpanda anabweretsa mawu ake ku dziko. Omar atatulutsidwa chaka chimodzi, anauza amayi ake kuti mlonda anamuuza kuti amayi ake anali kunja kwa ndende, koma Omar, n'zosadabwitsa kuti sakudziwa ngati amakhulupirira alonda kapena ayi.

Pambuyo zaka pafupifupi 14 m'ndende ku Guantanamo, akaidi a 112 amakhalabe. 52 ya iwo inamasulidwa kumasulidwa zaka zapitazo ndipo ikugwiritsidwanso, ndipo mosadziwika, a US amatsutsa kuti 46 idzasungidwa kwamuyaya popanda mlandu kapena mayesero.

Ndikukutsimikizirani, ambiri, ambiri a ife tikupitirizabe kulimbana kwathu ku United States tikuyesa mlandu kwa akaidi onse ndi kutseka ndende ku Guantanamo.

Mbiri yamatsenga ya zaka khumi ndi zinayi zapitazi za ku United States atsekerera anthu a 779 ochokera ku mayiko a 48 pa dziko la US ku Cuba monga gawo la nkhondo yake yapadziko lonse "pa mantha" amasonyeza maganizo a omwe akulamulira United States - padziko lonse zifukwa zandale kapena zachuma, kuzunzika, kugwira ntchito m'mayiko ena ndikusiya maziko ake a nkhondo m'mayiko amenewo kwa zaka zambiri.

Tsopano, polankhula za mabungwe ena aku US ku Western Hemisphere- ku Central ndi South America ndi ku Caribbean.

Lipoti la 2015 la United States la Chitetezo Chachidziwitso Chachidziwitso linanena kuti DOD ili ndi maziko a 587 m'mayiko a 42, ambiri omwe ali ku Germany (181 sites), Japan (122 sites), ndi South Korea (83 sites). Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo amasankha 20 yazing'ono zam'kati mwa nyanja ndi yaikulu, 16 monga sing'anga, 482 yochepa ndi 69 monga "malo ena."

Zing'onozing'ono ndi "malo ena" amatchedwa "lily pads" ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala kumadera akutali ndipo mwina amavomereza kuti amapewe zionetsero zomwe zingawononge ntchito zawo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi antchito ochepa komanso osakhala ndi mabanja. Nthaŵi zina amayankha pamakampani osungira usilikali omwe zochita zawo ndi boma la United States lingakane. Kuti akhalebe otsika, maziko amabisika m'mabwalo a dziko kapena m'mphepete mwa ndege.

Zaka ziwiri zapitazi, ndinapita ku Central ndi South America maulendo angapo. Chaka chino, 2015, ndinapita ku El Salvador ndi Chile ndi Sukulu ya America Kuwonerera ndi ku 2014 ku Costa Rica ndipo kale chaka chino ku Cuba ndi CODEPINK: Akazi a Mtendere.

Monga ambiri a inu mukudziwa, Sukulu ya America Yang'anani ndi bungwe lomwe liri zolembedwa omwe amatchedwa Sukulu ya America, yomwe tsopano ikutchedwa Western Hemispheric Institute for Security Cooperation (WHINSEC), omwe azunzidwa ndi kupha anthu a mayiko awo omwe amatsutsa malamulo awo opondereza a Honduras, ku Guatemala , El Salvador, Chile, Argentina. Ena mwa olemekezeka kwambiri omwe amawafunsira kwawo ku United States mu 1980s tsopano akutsitsidwanso ku mayiko awo, makamaka ku El Salvador, mosangalatsa, osati chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo, koma chifukwa cha kuphwanya ufulu wa dziko la US.

Pazaka makumi awiri zapitazo, SOA Watch yakhala ndi mailonda a chaka cha 3 omwe adayendetsedwa ndi anthu zikwizikwi ku nyumba yatsopano ya SOA ku US military base ku Fort Benning, Georgia kuti akumbutse asilikali a mbiri yakale ya sukuluyi. Kuwonjezera apo, SOA Watch yatumiza nthumwi ku mayiko a Central ndi South America akupempha kuti maboma asiye kutumiza asilikali awo ku sukuluyi. Mayiko asanu, Venezuela, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia ndi Nicaragua adachotsa usilikali wawo kusukulu ndipo chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwa US Congress, SOA Watch inali ndi mavoti asanu a US Congress atseka sukuluyi. Koma, zomvetsa chisoni, akadali otseguka.

Ndikufuna kuzindikira JoAnn Lingle wazaka za 78 amene anamangidwa chifukwa chotsutsa Sukulu ya America ndi kuweruzidwa ku miyezi 2 ku ndende ya US ku federal. Ndipo ndikufunanso kuzindikira aliyense mu nthumwi yathu ya ku America yomwe yamangidwa chifukwa cha mtendere, chisankhanza cha malamulo a boma la US. Tili ndi 20 kuchokera kwa nthumwi zathu zomwe zagwidwa ndikupita kundende chifukwa cha chilungamo.

Chaka chino SOA Watch delegation, pamisonkhano ndi Purezidenti wa El Salvador, omwe kale anali FMLN Commandante, ndi Pulezidenti wa Chitetezo cha Chile, adapempha kuti mayiko awo asiye kutumiza asilikali awo ku sukulu. Mayankho awo akuwonekera pa intaneti ya US military and involvement law in countries. Purezidenti wa El Salvador, Salvador Sanchez Ceren, adanena kuti dziko lake likuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero cha asilikali omwe anatumizidwa ku sukulu za US, koma sanathetse mgwirizano ku sukulu ya ku United States chifukwa cha mapulogalamu ena a ku United States polimbana ndi mankhwala ndi zigawenga, kuphatikizapo International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) yomwe inamangidwa ku El Salvador, atakana kuti nyumbayi ikhale ku Costa Rica.

Ntchito ya ILEA ndi "kulimbana ndi malonda a mankhwala osokoneza bongo padziko lonse, kuphwanya malamulo, ndi uchigawenga kupyolera mu kulimbikitsana kwa mgwirizano padziko lonse." Komabe, ambiri akudandaula kuti machitidwe apolisi achiwawa ndi achiwawa omwe afala kwambiri ku United States angaphunzitsidwe ndi aphunzitsi a US. Ku El Salvador, apolisi akuyandikira magulu a magulu a magulu amtunduwu amakhazikitsidwa ku "mano duro" kapena kuti "dzanja lolimba" lomwe likuwonekera kuti apolisi amatsutsa apolisi ndi zigawenga kuti zikhale zachiwawa poyankha apolisi. Njira. El Salvador tsopano ali ndi mbiri ya "umphawi" wa ku Central America.

Ambiri sakudziwa kuti malo achiwiri akugwiritsira ntchito malamulo ku Lima, Peru. Amatchedwa Regional Training Centre ndipo cholinga chake ndi "kukulitsa ubale wa nthawi yaitali pakati pa akuluakulu akunja kudziko lina kuti athetse milandu yadziko lonse ndikuphwanya demokalase powatsindika malamulo ndi ufulu wa anthu m'mayiko apadziko lonse ndi apolisi."

Paulendo wina wokhala ndi SOA Watch, titafika kwa Jose Antonio Gomez, Pulezidenti wa Chitetezo cha Chile, adati adalandira zopempha zambiri kuchokera kwa magulu ena a ufulu wa anthu kuti asamayanjane ndi sukulu ya usilikali ya US ndipo adafunsa asilikali a Chile kuti apereke lipoti lonena za kufunika kopitiliza kutumiza antchito.

Komabe, ubale wonse ndi US ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti Chile idalandile $ 465 miliyoni kuchokera ku United States kukamanga malo atsopano a asilikali omwe amatchedwa Fuerte Aguayo pofuna kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito za usilikali m'madera a m'mizinda monga ntchito yochezera mtendere. Otsutsawo akunena kuti asilikali a Chile anali ndi malo ophunzitsira kuti anthu azikhala mwamtendere komanso kuti maziko atsopanowa aperekedwe ku US chikoka mu nkhani za chitetezo cha Chile.

A Chilepi amakhala ndi zionetsero nthawi zonse pa malo awa ndi nthumwi zathu adagwirizana mwa imodzi mwa mavuli.

Poyankha ku bungwe la Fort Aguayo, bungwe la NGO Ethics Commission la Chile likuzunza analemba ponena za udindo wa US ku Fuerte Aguayo ndi nzika za ku Chile zotsutsa izi: “Ulamuliro uli m'manja mwa anthu. Chitetezo sichingachepetsedwe kuti chiteteze zofuna za anthu opita kudziko lina ... Asitikali akuyenera kuteteza ufulu wadziko. Kugonjera molamulidwa ndi gulu lankhondo laku North America ndi kupandukira dzikolo. ” Ndipo, "Anthu ali ndi ufulu woloza kuchita ziwonetsero pagulu."

Zochitika za nkhondo za pachaka zomwe dziko la United States likuchita ndi mayiko ambiri ku Western Hemisphere ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku nkhani za zankhondo zachilendo zakunja monga momwe machitidwe akubweretsera aunyinji ambiri a US ku dera kwa nthawi yaitali pogwiritsa ntchito maziko "osakhalitsa" magulu ankhondo za mayiko olandirako.

Mu 2015 a US anachita masewera akuluakulu a asilikali a 6 m'dera la Western Hemisphere. Pamene nthumwi yathu inali ku Chile mu Oktoba, woyendetsa ndege wa ku America George George, gulu la asilikali la US lalumikizana ndi ndege zankhondo, ndege zamtundu wa ndege ndi maulendo a pamtunda, ndipo zombo zinayi za ku United States zinkayenda m'madzi a Chilili monga Chile yomwe inkagwira ntchito ya UNITAS pachaka . Nkhalango za Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, New Zealand ndi Panama nayenso kutenga nawo mbali.

Kuyanjana kwa nthawi yaitali pakati pa atsogoleri ankhondo, ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi pantchito, ndi mbali ina ya maubwenzi ankhondo omwe tiyenera kulingalira pamodzi ndi maziko. Pamene nthumwi zathu zinali ku Chile, David Petraeus, yemwe adachoka ku US a nyenyezi wamkulu ndipo adanyozetsa mutu wa CIA, adafika ku Santiago, ku Chile kuti akambirane ndi mtsogoleri wa asilikali a Chile akutsindika mgwirizano wochokera kwa asilikali kupita ku maboma omwe achoka pantchito makampani osungira usilikali apadera ndi amithenga osadziwika a ndondomeko zoyendetsera US.

Mbali ina ya kugawidwa kwa usilikali ku US ndizochita zokhudzana ndi anthu komanso njira zothandizira anthu pamsewu, kumanga sukulu ndi magulu azachipatala omwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala molimbika kuti akafike kumayiko ambiri a ku America. Mipando ya National National Guard ya 17 ya United States ili ndi mgwirizano wapakati pa nkhondo ndi asilikali ndi chitetezo ndi mabungwe a chitetezo m'mayiko a 22 ku Caribbean, Central America ndi South America. Pulogalamu iyi ya US National Guard State Partnership Program akufotokoza zogwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi zikhalidwe za anthu zomwe zikuchitika mobwerezabwereza kuti asilikali a US akupitilirabe m'mayiko, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo zakumidzi monga zawo panthawiyi.

Zida za nkhondo za US ku Western Hemisphere

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba-Kodi gulu lankhondo lodziwika bwino ku US ku Western Hemisphere lili ku Cuba, mamailosi angapo kuchokera pano-Guantanamo Bay US Naval Station yomwe yakhala ikukhala ndi US zaka 112 kuyambira 1903. Kwa zaka 14 zapitazi, yakhala ili ku Cuba. anali mndende yotchuka ya Guantanamo momwe US ​​yamanga anthu 779 ochokera kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Akaidi 8 okha mwa anthu 779 ndi omwe adazengedwa mlandu - ndipo aja ndi khothi lachinsinsi lazankhondo. Akaidi 112 atsala pomwe boma la US lanena kuti 46 ndiwowopsa kuti ayesedwe kukhothi ndipo akhale mndende osazengedwa mlandu.

Zina zankhondo za US ku Western Hemisphere kunja kwa United States zikuphatikizapo:

Gulu Loyamba Gulu Bravo - Soto Cano Air Base, Honduras. US idalowererapo kapena kulanda Honduras kasanu ndi kamodzi-mu 1903, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1919,1920, 1924 ndi 1925. Soto Cano Air Base idamangidwa ndi United States ku 1983 ngati gawo la maukonde a CIA- thandizo lankhondo kwa a lthe Contras, omwe anali kuyesa kugwetsa Revolution ya Sandinista ku Nicaragua. Tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko achitetezo achitetezo aku US komanso ntchito zothana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Koma ili ndi eyapoti yomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito asitikali aku Honduran mu 2009 coup komwe angachotsere Purezidenti Zelaya mwa demokalase kunja kwa dzikolo. Kuyambira 2003, Congress yatenga $ 45 miliyoni kuti ikhale yokhazikika. M'zaka ziwiri pakati pa 2009 ndi 2011, anthu ochepa adakula ndi 20%. Mu 2012, US idagwiritsa ntchito $ 67 miliyoni pamgwirizano wankhondo ku Honduras. Pali opitilira 1300 aku US komanso anthu wamba m'munsi mwake, ochulukirapo kanayi kuposa anthu 300 Honduran Air Force Academy, omwe amatchedwa "alendo" ankhondo aku America.

A US adachulukitsa chithandizo cha asilikali ku Honduras ngakhale kuti apolisi ndi achiwawa akuwonjezeka pa imfa ya masauzande ambiri ku Honduras.

Comalapa - El Salvador. Malo osungirako nsomba adatsegulidwa ku 2000 pambuyo pa asilikali a ku United States omwe adachoka ku Panama ku 1999 ndipo Pentagon ikufunikira malo atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito kayendetsedwe ka madzi kuti athandizire maiko osiyanasiyana ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Malo Osungirako Ogwira Ntchito (CSL) Comalapa ali ndi antchito a 25 omwe amapatsidwa asilikali omasulidwa komanso 40 osamalira anthu.

Aruba ndi Curacao - Madera awiri a madera a kuzilumba za Caribbean ali ndi zida za nkhondo za ku United States zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi zombo za ndege ndi ndege ndipo zimachokera ku South America ndiyeno zimadutsa ku Caribbean kupita ku Mexico ndi US. Boma la Venezuela linanena kuti zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Washington kuti akazonde ku Caracas. Mu January 2010 ndege ya P-3 yomwe inayang'aniridwa ku United States inachoka ku Curacao ndi malo olakwika a Venezuela.

Antigua & Barbuda - US imagwira ntchito yopanga ndege ku Antigua yomwe yakhala ikukonzekera gulu la C-Band lomwe limatsatira ma satellites. Radiar isamukira ku Australia, koma US angapitirize kukhala ndi malo ochepa.

Chilumba cha Andros, Bahamas -Akuluakulu a Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation (AUTEC) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a US Navy pa malo a 6 kuzilumbazi ndipo amapanga luso lamakono la zankhondo, monga nkhondo zamagetsi zowopsya.

Colombia - Malo a 2 a US DOD ku Colombia adatchulidwa kuti "malo ena" komanso patsamba 70 la Lipoti la Ma Structure ndipo ayenera kuonedwa kuti ali kutali,lily pads. ” Mu 2008, Washington ndi Colombia adasaina pangano lankhondo pomwe US ​​ipange magulu asanu ndi atatu ankhondo mdziko la South America kuti athetse magulu ankhanza ndi magulu opanduka. Komabe, Khothi Loyang'anira Malamulo ku Colombiya lidagamula kuti sizingatheke kuti asitikali omwe si Colombiya akhazikikebe mdzikolo, koma US ikadali ndi asitikali aku US ndi ma DEA mdzikolo.

Costa Rica - 1 US DOD malo ku Costa Rica adatchulidwa kuti "malo ena" pa tsamba 70 ya Lipoti la Ma Structure - lina "malo ena" "pulogalamu ya lily, ”Ngakhale boma la Costa Rica amakana kuika usilikali ku US.

Lima, Peru - Bungwe la US Research Naval Medical Research #6 lili ku Lima, Peru ku chipatala cha Peru Naval ndipo limafufuzira ndi kuyang'anira matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana omwe amachititsa kuti magulu ankhondo aziopseza m'deralo, kuphatikizapo malungo ndi dengue fever, yellow fever, ndi typhoid fever. Maofesi ena Ofufuza Zosaka Zazikulu ku United States ali mkati Singapore, Cairo ndi Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Kutseka zowonjezera zanga, Ndikufuna nditchule gawo lina padziko lapansi pomwe US ​​ikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwawo kunkhondo. Mu Disembala, ndidzakhala m'gulu lankhondo la Veterans for Peace ku Jeju Island, South Korea komanso ku Henoko, Okinawa komwe kumangidwa zida zankhondo zatsopano zaku US "pivot" ku Asia ndi Pacific. Monga kulumikizana ndi nzika za mayiko amenewo kutsutsa mgwirizano wamaboma awo wololeza kuti malo awo agwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo gulu lankhondo laku US padziko lonse lapansi, tikuvomereza kuti kupatula nkhanza kwa anthu, magulu ankhondo amathandizira kwambiri kuchitira nkhanza dziko lathu lapansi. Zida zankhondo ndi magalimoto ndiwo njira zowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi zomwe zimakhala ndi poizoni, ngozi, komanso kutaya dala zinthu zowopsa ndikudalira mafuta.

Otsatira athu ayamika okonza msonkhano kuti akhale ndi inu ndi ena ochokera kudziko lonse omwe akudandaula kwambiri ndi zankhondo zakunja ndipo timalonjeza kuti tipitirizabe kuyang'ana kutseka kwa US Naval Base ndi ndende ku Guantanamo ndi ku United States dziko.