By Kampeni Yapadziko Lonse Yothetsa Zida Zanyukiliya (ICAN)
United Nations lero yatengera chizindikiro chisankho kuyambitsa zokambirana mu 2017 za pangano loletsa zida za nyukiliya. Lingaliro losaiwalikali likuwonetsa kutha kwa zaka makumi awiri zakufa ziwalo m'mayesero amayiko osiyanasiyana a zida zanyukiliya.
Pamsonkhano wa Komiti Yoyamba ya Msonkhano Waukulu wa UN, womwe umayang'anira nkhani zochotsa zida ndi chitetezo chamayiko, mayiko 123 adavotera chigamulochi, pomwe 38 akutsutsa ndipo 16 adakana.
Chigamulochi chidzakhazikitsa msonkhano wa UN kuyambira mu March chaka chamawa, wotsegulidwa kwa mayiko onse omwe ali mamembala, kuti akambirane "chida chomangirira mwalamulo choletsa zida za nyukiliya, zomwe zidzathetseratu". Zokambiranazi zidzapitirira mu June ndi July.
Bungwe la International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), lomwe ndi mgwirizano wamagulu a anthu omwe akugwira ntchito m'maiko 100, adayamikira kukhazikitsidwa kwa chigamulochi ngati gawo lalikulu lopita patsogolo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa momwe dziko lapansi likuchitira ndi vuto lalikululi.
“Kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri, bungwe la UN lachenjeza za kuopsa kwa zida za nyukiliya, ndipo anthu padziko lonse akhala akuchita kampeni yoti zithetsedwe. Masiku ano mayiko ambiri atsimikiza zoletsa zida izi, "atero a Beatrice Fihn, wamkulu wa ICAN.
Ngakhale kuti mayiko angapo okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya anapotoza manja, chigamulocho chinavomerezedwa mwangozi. Mayiko okwana 57 ndiwo adathandizira nawo limodzi, ndipo Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Mexico, Nigeria ndi South Africa ndi omwe adatsogolera polemba chigamulochi.
Voti ya UN idabwera patangopita maola ochepa kuchokera pomwe Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Europe idatengera yake chisankho pankhaniyi - 415 akutsutsa ndipo 124 akutsutsa, ndipo 74 adakana - kupempha mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la European Union "kutenga nawo mbali mogwira mtima" pazokambirana za chaka chamawa.
Zida za nyukiliya zidakali zida zokhazo zowonongera anthu ambiri zomwe sizinaloledwe m'njira zambiri komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale kuti zida za nyukiliya zolembedwa bwino ndi zowopsa zaumunthu ndi zachilengedwe.
"Pangano loletsa zida za nyukiliya lingalimbikitse chikhalidwe cha padziko lonse chotsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukhala ndi zidazi, kutseka mipata ikuluikulu pamalamulo omwe alipo padziko lonse lapansi ndikupangitsa kuti pakhalepo kwanthawi yayitali pakuchotsa zida," adatero Fihn.
“Mavoti amasiku ano akusonyeza bwino lomwe kuti mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi amaona kuti kuletsa zida za nyukiliya n’kofunika, kotheka komanso kwachangu. Amawona ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera kupita patsogolo kwenikweni pakuchotsa zida, "adatero.
Zida zophera tizilombo, zida zamakhemikolo, mabomba okwirira anthu komanso zida zamagulumagulu zonse ndizoletsedwa m'malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Koma pali zoletsa zochepa chabe za zida za nyukiliya zomwe zilipo masiku ano.
Kuthetsa zida za nyukiliya kwakhala kokulirapo pa nkhani za UN kuyambira pamene bungweli linakhazikitsidwa mu 1945. Zoyesayesa zopititsa patsogolo cholingachi zalephereka m’zaka zaposachedwapa, pamene mayiko okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya akuika ndalama zambiri pakupanga zida zanyukiliya zamakono.
Zaka makumi awiri zapita kuchokera pamene chida cha nyukiliya cha mayiko ambiri chinakambitsirana komaliza: Pangano la Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty la 1996, lomwe silinayambe kugwira ntchito mwalamulo chifukwa chotsutsidwa ndi mayiko ochepa.
Lingaliro lamasiku ano, lotchedwa L.41, likugwira ntchito motsatira malingaliro akuluakulu a UN gulu logwira ntchito za kuchotsera zida za nyukiliya zomwe zidakumana ku Geneva chaka chino kuti aunike kufunikira kwa malingaliro osiyanasiyana okwaniritsa dziko lopanda zida za nyukiliya.
Zikutsatiranso misonkhano ikuluikulu itatu yapakati pa maboma yowunika momwe zida za nyukiliya zathandizira anthu, zomwe zidachitika ku Norway, Mexico ndi Austria mu 2013 ndi 2014. Misonkhanoyi idathandizira kukonzanso mkangano wa zida za nyukiliya kuti uwone kuvulaza komwe zida zotere zimawononga anthu.
Misonkhanoyi inathandizanso mayiko omwe alibe zida zanyukiliya kuti achitepo kanthu molimba mtima pankhani yothetsa zida. Pofika msonkhano wachitatu komanso womaliza, womwe unachitikira ku Vienna mu December 2014, maboma ambiri anali atasonyeza kuti akufuna kuletsa zida za nyukiliya.
Pambuyo pa msonkhano wa ku Vienna, ICAN idathandizira kwambiri kupeza thandizo lalumbiro la mayiko 127, lotchedwa lonjezo lothandiza anthu, kukakamiza maboma kuti agwirizane poyesetsa “kusala, kuletsa ndi kuthetsa zida za nyukiliya”.
Panthawi yonseyi, ozunzidwa ndi opulumuka ku zida zanyukiliya, kuphatikizapo kuyesa zida za nyukiliya, athandizira kwambiri. Setsuko Thurlow, amene anapulumuka ku bomba la Hiroshima komanso wothandizira ICAN, wakhala akuthandizira kwambiri kuletsa.
"Iyi ndi nthawi yodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi," adatero atavotera lero. “Kwa ife amene tinapulumuka ku mabomba a atomiki ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki, inali nthaŵi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Takhala tikudikirira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti tsikuli lifike. "
“Zida za nyukiliya n’zonyansa kwambiri. Mayiko onse akuyenera kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana za chaka chamawa kuti ziletsedwe. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndidzakhalaponso kudzakumbutsa nthumwi za kuzunzika kosaneneka komwe kumayambitsa zida za nyukiliya. Ndi udindo wathu kuonetsetsa kuti kuvutika koteroko kusadzachitikenso.”
Palinso zambiri kuposa 15,000 zida za nyukiliya padziko lapansi masiku ano, makamaka mu zida za mayiko awiri okha: United States ndi Russia. Mayiko ena asanu ndi awiri ali ndi zida za nyukiliya: Britain, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan ndi North Korea.
Ambiri mwa mayiko asanu ndi anayi okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya adavota motsutsana ndi chigamulo cha UN. Ambiri mwa ogwirizana nawo, kuphatikiza omwe ali ku Europe omwe ali ndi zida zanyukiliya m'gawo lawo monga gawo la dongosolo la NATO, adalepheranso kuthandizira chigamulochi.
Koma mayiko a ku Africa, Latin America, Caribbean, Southeast Asia ndi Pacific adavota mokulira mokomera chigamulochi, ndipo akuyenera kukhala nawo gawo lalikulu pamsonkhano wokambirana ku New York chaka chamawa.
Lolemba, opambana 15 a Nobel Peace Prize analimbikitsa mayiko kuti athandizire zokambiranazo ndikuzifikitsa "panthawi yake komanso yopambana kuti tithe kupitiliza kuthamangitsa komaliza kwa chiwopsezo chomwe chilipo kwa anthu".
Komiti Yadziko Lonse ya Red Cross nayonso anachita apilo kwa maboma kuti athandizire ndondomekoyi, ponena za 12 October kuti anthu apadziko lonse ali ndi "mwayi wapadera" kuti akwaniritse chiletso cha "chida chowononga kwambiri chomwe chinapangidwapo".
Fihn anati: “Panganoli silithetsa zida za nyukiliya mwadzidzidzi. "Koma ikhazikitsa malamulo amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, kusala zida za nyukiliya ndikukakamiza mayiko kuti achitepo kanthu mwachangu pochotsa zida."
Makamaka, mgwirizanowu udzakakamiza kwambiri mayiko omwe amati atetezedwa ku zida zanyukiliya za anzawo kuti athetse mchitidwewu, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti mayiko omwe ali ndi zida za nyukiliya achitepo kanthu.
