Sayansi Yamtendere Digest, September 28, 2018.
Chiganizo:
Mlembi Wamkulu wa bungwe la United Nations, António Guterres, akuuza anthu kuti azithandizira ntchito za kusunga mtendere ku United Nations pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, zipangizo zamagetsi, komanso ntchito zawo. Sayansi yamtendere imasonyeza kuti asilikali omwe angateteze mtendere angateteze anthu panthawi yochepa koma amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka.
Mu News:
"Popeza kuti helmets yoyamba idaikidwa mu 1948, kusunga mtendere kwawathandiza mayiko a dziko lapansi kuti azitha kuopseza mtendere ndi chitetezo ndikugawana zolemetsa pansi pa mbendera ya UN. Pazaka zapitazo za 70, oposa ankhondo a asilikali a 1-azimayi ndi abambo, asilikali, apolisi, ndi anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana-adayankha pambali yambiri ya mikangano, ndipo chitetezo cha mtendere chimasintha nthawi zonse kuti zikwaniritse zofunazi. Bungwe la UN Security Council latumiza ntchito zoposa 70 kuti zithandize kuthetsa moto pakati pa mayiko, kutha kwa nkhondo zapachiŵeniŵeni, kuteteza anthu osauka ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo, kulimbikitsa lamulo la malamulo, kukhazikitsa mabungwe atsopano a chitetezo, ndi kuthandiza mayiko atsopano monga Timor Leste, ukhalepo. Koma kusunga mtendere ndi bizinesi yoopsa kwambiri. Masiku ano anthu masauzande ambiri omwe amatha kukhala mwamtendere amaloledwa kumene kulibe mtendere wamtendere. Chaka chatha, asilikali a mtendere a 61 adaphedwa, ndipo asilikali athu amtendere adagonjetsedwa nthawi zoposa 300-Pomwe kamodzi patsiku. Ku Mali ndi ku Central African Republic, ndinadziona ndekha ntchito yofunika yomwe mabotolo a buluu amachita tsiku ndi tsiku-osati kungokhala chete koma kuthandiza kuthandizira thandizo komanso kuteteza anthu. Ndapanganso nsonga zambirimbiri zogonjetsa mtendere. "
“Takhazikitsa njira zatsopano zothetsera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amwalira, ndipo ndakhazikitsa njira zodziyimira pawokha za ntchito iliyonse yosungitsa bata. Koma zikuwonekeratu kuti sitikhala ndi mwayi wopambana popanda kuthandizidwa momveka bwino komanso mosadziwika bwino. Ziyembekezero zakusungitsa mtendere zimaposa zonse zothandizira ndi zothandizira… Umu ndiye maziko a ntchito yolimbikitsa mtendere, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu Marichi. Cholinga chake ndikupempha mayiko onse omwe ali mamembala a UN komanso ena omwe akuchita nawo zibwenzi kuti alimbikitsenso kudzipereka kwawo pakusunga bata ku UN kuti tipitilize kuwongolera limodzi. Takhala tikukambirana mozama komanso moona mtima kuti tipeze madera omwe pakufunika khama lalikulu ndikupanga Chidziwitso Chazigawana Pazogwirira Ntchito Zosunga Mtendere za UN. Chilengezochi chikuyimira ndondomeko yomveka bwino komanso yofulumira yosungira mtendere. Mwa kuvomereza kulengeza, maboma akuwonetsa kudzipereka kwawo kupititsa patsogolo njira zandale zothetsera mikangano, kulimbikitsa chitetezo kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo omwe tikuwayang'anira, komanso kukonza chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha asitikali athu. Tsopano tikufunika kumasulira malonjezo awa kukhala othandizira pantchito. Izi zatiuza kuti tonsefe tichite bwino pantchito zathu, tiwonjezere kutenga nawo gawo azimayi m'malo onse osungitsa bata, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi maboma, komanso kuchitapo kanthu kuti tiwone ogwira ntchito athu akukhala ndi miyezo komanso machitidwe abwino kwambiri. ”
Insight from Peace Science:
- Kusungitsa bata mwamphamvu, ngakhale kutha kuteteza anthu wamba munthawi yochepa, kuli ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka zomwe zingaike pachiwopsezo zolinga zina zofunika komanso ntchito yayikulu yamishoni za UN.
- Gulu lankhondo lalikulu komanso kusankhana komwe kumachitika chifukwa chokhazikitsa bata mwamtendere zitha kuyika anthu wamba pachiwopsezo, pamodzi ndi omwe achitetezo mwamtendere, akuluakulu ena a UN, komanso othandizira odziyimira pawokha, nthawi zina amachepetsa malo / mwayi wothandizira.
- Kulimbikira boma komwe kumachitika chifukwa chokhazikitsa bata mwamtendere kumatha kusokoneza mbali zazikuluzikulu za ntchito ya UN, kuweruza ufulu wake, kukhazikitsa bata ndi chitukuko, komanso ntchito zandale kuthana ndi nkhawa za boma kupatula ena.
- "Kutembenuka kwamphamvu" pantchito zamtendere za UN kungaike pachiwopsezo mfundo zakusungitsa bata ndi mgwirizano pazokhudza bata zamtendere, zingabweretse zopereka zankhondo zochokera kumayiko mamembala a UN, ndikulepheretsa mgwirizano pakati pa UN ndi omwe akuchita nawo zachifundo
Kusungitsa bata mwamphamvu: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi bungwe la United Nations lokhalitsa bata pamlingo woyenera, ndi chilolezo cha Security Council, kuteteza udindo wake kwa owononga omwe zochita zawo zimawopseza anthu wamba kapena zomwe zingawononge bata.
(United Nations. (2008). Ntchito za Kusunga Mtendere ku United Nations: Mfundo ndi Ndondomeko "Chiphunzitso cha Capstone". New York: Secretariat ya United Nations. http://www. un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/capstone_eng.pdf.)
Zothandizira:
- "Asitikali ankhondo okhala ndi zida amatetezeradi anthu wamba - kupatula chimodzi chachikulu" Wolemba Brandon Prins & Anup Phaya for MonkeyCage, Washington Post. Juni 14, 2018.
- Sayansi Yamtendere Digest Vesi 2, Magazini 2: "Zotsatira Zosayembekezereka za "Ntchito Yabwino" Yogwirizana ndi UN".
