ndi Phil Anderson, World Beyond War, March 15, 2022
"Nkhondo nthawi zonse ndi chisankho ndipo nthawi zonse ndi chisankho cholakwika." World Beyond War m’buku lawo lakuti “A Global Security System: An Alternative to War.”
Nkhondo ku Ukraine ndizochitika zodzutsa kupusa kwa nkhondo komanso mwayi wosowa wopita kudziko lamtendere.
Nkhondo si yankho ngati Russia ikuukira Ukraine kapena United States ikuukira Afghanistan ndi Iraq. Si yankho pamene dziko lina lililonse limagwiritsa ntchito ziwawa zankhondo pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zandale, madera, zachuma kapena mafuko. Ngakhalenso nkhondo si yankho pamene olandidwa ndi oponderezedwa akamabwerera mwachiwawa.
Kuwerenga nkhani za anthu a ku Ukraine, azaka zonse ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, odzipereka kuti amenyane nawo angawoneke ngati amphamvu. Tonsefe timafuna kusangalala ndi kulimba mtima, kudzimana kwa nzika wamba zomwe zikuyimirira motsutsana ndi woukira. Koma izi zitha kukhala zongopeka za ku Hollywood kuposa njira yomveka yotsutsa kuwukira.
Tonse tikufuna kuthandiza popatsa Ukraine zida ndi zida zankhondo. Koma maganizo amenewa ndi opanda nzeru komanso olakwika. Thandizo lathu ndiloyenera kukulitsa mkangano ndikupha anthu ambiri a ku Ukraine kusiyana ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali a Russia.
Chiwawa - mosasamala kanthu kuti ndani azichita kapena ndi cholinga chotani - chimangowonjezera mikangano, kupha anthu osalakwa, kuphwanya mayiko, kuwononga chuma cha m'deralo, kumayambitsa mavuto ndi kuvutika. Kawirikawiri chilichonse chabwino chimakwaniritsidwa. Nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano zimasiyidwa kuti zikulebe kwa zaka zambiri mtsogolo.
Kufalikira kwa uchigawenga, zaka zambiri zakupha ku Israel ndi Palestine, mikangano ya Pakistan-India pa Kashmir, ndi nkhondo za Afghanistan, Yemen, ndi Syria ndi zitsanzo zamakono za kulephera kwa nkhondo kukwaniritsa zolinga zamtundu uliwonse.
Timakonda kuganiza kuti pali njira ziwiri zokha mukakumana ndi munthu wovutitsa kapena wankhanza - kumenyana kapena kugonjera. Koma palinso njira zina. Monga Gandhi adawonetsera ku India, kukana kosachita zachiwawa kumatha kuchita bwino.
Masiku ano, kusamvera kwa anthu, zionetsero, kunyanyala, kunyanyala ndi kusagwirana ntchito zapambana polimbana ndi nkhanza zapakhomo, machitidwe opondereza ndi olanda mayiko akunja. Kafukufuku wa mbiri yakale, wozikidwa pa zochitika zenizeni pakati pa 1900 ndi 2006, wasonyeza kukana kopanda chiwawa kumakhala kopambana kawiri kuposa kukana zida pokwaniritsa kusintha kwa ndale.
Chitsanzo cha 2004-05 "Orange Revolution" ku Ukraine. Makanema apano a anthu wamba a ku Ukraine opanda zida omwe akuletsa magulu ankhondo aku Russia ndi matupi awo ndi chitsanzo china cha kukana chiwawa.
Zilango zazachuma zilinso ndi mbiri yoyipa yachipambano. Timaganiza za zilango ngati njira yamtendere m'malo mwankhondo zankhondo. Koma ndi mtundu wina chabe wa nkhondo.
Tikufuna kukhulupirira kuti zilango zachuma zidzakakamiza Putin kuti abwerere. Koma zilango zidzapereka chilango kwa anthu aku Russia chifukwa cha zolakwa zomwe a Putin adachita ndi kleptocracy yake yolamulira. Mbiri ya zilango ikuwonetsa kuti anthu aku Russia (ndi mayiko ena) adzavutika ndi mavuto azachuma, njala, matenda, ndi imfa pomwe oligarchy olamulira sakukhudzidwa. Zilango zimapweteka koma nthawi zambiri sizilepheretsa makhalidwe oipa a atsogoleri a dziko.
Zilango zachuma ndi zida zotumizira ku Ukraine zikuyikanso pachiwopsezo padziko lonse lapansi. Zochita izi zidzawoneka ngati zoyambitsa nkhondo za Putin ndipo zingayambitse kufalikira kwa nkhondo ku mayiko ena kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya.
Mbiri yadzaza ndi “nkhondo zazing’ono zokongola” zimene zinakhala masoka aakulu.
Mwachiwonekere panthawiyi njira yokhayo yabwino ku Ukraine ndiyo kuthetsa moto mwamsanga ndi kudzipereka kwa magulu onse pazokambirana zenizeni. Izi zidzafuna kulowererapo kwa dziko lodalirika, losalowerera ndale (kapena mayiko) kuti akambirane za kuthetsa mkangano mwamtendere.
Palinso mizere yasiliva yomwe ingakhalepo pankhondoyi. Monga momwe ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi nkhondoyi zikuwonekera, ku Russia ndi mayiko ena ambiri, anthu padziko lapansi akufuna mtendere.
Thandizo lalikulu, lomwe silinachitikepo pazachuma komanso kutsutsa kuwukiridwa kwa Russia kungakhale mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wofunikira kuti pamapeto pake mukhale ndi chidwi chothetsa nkhondo ngati chida cha maboma onse. Mgwirizanowu ukhoza kulimbikitsa ntchito yayikulu yoyang'anira zida, kugwetsa magulu ankhondo amitundu, kuthetsa zida zanyukiliya, kukonza ndi kulimbikitsa bungwe la United Nations, kukulitsa Khothi Ladziko Lonse, ndikupita kuchitetezo chamitundu yonse.
Chitetezo cha dziko si masewera a zero. Fuko limodzi siliyenera kuluza kuti lina lipambane. Pokhapokha ngati mayiko onse ali otetezeka m'pamene dziko lililonse lidzakhala ndi chitetezo. "Chitetezo wamba" ichi chimafuna kumanga njira ina yotetezera chitetezo chokhazikika pachitetezo chosasokoneza komanso mgwirizano wapadziko lonse. Dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi lachitetezo cha dziko lankhondo lalephera.
Yakwana nthawi yothetsa nkhondo ndi ziwopsezo zankhondo ngati chida chovomerezeka chaukadaulo.
Magulu a anthu amakonzekera nkhondo kale nkhondoyo isanayambe. Nkhondo ndi khalidwe lophunzira. Zimafunika nthawi yambiri, khama, ndalama ndi chuma. Kuti tipange njira ina yachitetezo, tiyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale chisankho chabwinoko chamtendere.
Tiyenera kuyesetsa kuthetsa nkhondo, kuthetsa zida za nyukiliya ndikuchepetsa ndi kuthetsa magulu ankhondo padziko lapansi. Tiyenera kupatutsa chuma kuchoka kunkhondo ndikuyambitsa mtendere.
Kusankhidwa kwa mtendere ndi kusachita chiwawa kuyenera kumangidwa mu zikhalidwe za dziko, machitidwe a maphunziro ndi mabungwe a ndale. Payenera kukhala njira zothetsera kusamvana, kuyimira pakati, kuweruza milandu ndi kusunga mtendere. Tiyenera kumanga chikhalidwe cha mtendere osati kulemekeza nkhondo.
World Beyond War ali ndi ndondomeko yokwanira, yothandiza kupanga njira ina yachitetezo chofanana padziko lonse lapansi. Zonse zalembedwa m’buku lawo lakuti “A Global Security System: An Alternative to War.” Amawonetsanso kuti izi sizongopeka za Utopian. Dziko lapansi lakhala likupita ku cholinga chimenechi kwa zaka zoposa zana limodzi. United Nations, Misonkhano Yachigawo ya Geneva, Khothi Lapadziko Lonse ndi mapangano ambiri owongolera zida ndi umboni.
Mtendere ndi wotheka. Nkhondo ku Ukraine iyenera kukhala yodzutsa maiko onse. Kukangana si utsogoleri. Kumenya nkhondo si mphamvu. Kukwiyitsa si diplomacy. Zochita zankhondo sizithetsa mikangano. Mpaka mayiko onse azindikire izi, ndikusintha khalidwe lawo lankhondo, tidzapitiriza kubwereza zolakwa zakale.
Monga momwe pulezidenti John F. Kennedy ananenera, “Mtundu wa anthu uyenera kuthetsa nkhondo, apo ayi nkhondo idzathetsa mtundu wa anthu.”
