Makampani Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zankhondo ku UK Ndi Zida Zankhondo Amatulutsa Zowonjezera Zopatsa Carbon Kuposa Mayiko 60 Amodzi

Wolemba a Matt Kennard ndi a Mark Curtis, Meyi 19, 2020

kuchokera Daily Maverick

Choyamba kuwerengera pawokha mwa mtundu wake wapeza kuti gulu lankhondo lankhondo la Britain chaka chilichonse limatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kuposa mayiko 60, monga Uganda, yomwe ili ndi anthu opitilira 45 miliyoni.

Gulu lankhondo ku UK lidapereka matani 6.5 miliyoni a mpweya woipa ofanana ndi chilengedwe cha Dziko Lapansi mu 2017-2018 - chaka chaposachedwa chomwe deta yonse ilipo. Mwa awa, lipotili likuyerekeza kuti Ministry of Defence's (MOD) yonse yotulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mu 2017-2018 inali matani miliyoni 3.03 a mpweya wofanana.

Chiwerengero cha MOD ndichoposanso katatu kuposa momwe matani 0.94 miliyoni a kaboni amatulutsidwa mu cholembedwa chachikulu cha lipoti lapachaka la MOD, ndipo ndiwofanana ndi zomwe zimatulutsa makampani opanga magalimoto ku UK.

Ripoti latsopanoli, lolemba ndi Dr Stuart Parkinson of Scientists for Global Responsibility, lipeza kuti bungwe la Britain la "Mdziko lino" likusocheretsa anthu pazambiri zomwe zimachitika ndi mpweya.

Kafukufukuyu akugwiritsanso ntchito njira ina kuwerengetsa mpweya womwe gulu la nkhondo la UK limatulutsa - kutengera ndalama zomwe aziteteze pachaka - zomwe zikupezeka kuti "gawo lalikulu" la asitikali aku UK likufanana matani 11 miliyoni a mpweya wofanana. Izi ndizochulukirapo koposa 11 poyerekeza ndi ziwerengero zomwe zidanenedwa mu nkhani yayikulu yamalipoti a pachaka a MOD.

Mpweya wama kaboni amawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira "yogwiritsira ntchito", yomwe imaphatikizapo zinthu zonse zotulutsa moyo, monga zomwe zimachokera kumayiko ena kuchokera kuchotsera zinthu zakutchire ndi kutaya zinyalala.

Ripotilo lidzakweza mafunso atsopano okhudzana ndi kudzipereka kwa MOD polimbana ndi zoopsa ku UK. Bungweli likuti ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndi "kuteteza UK" komanso kuyang'ana kusintha kwa nyengo - yomwe imayambitsidwa makamaka ndi mpweya wowonjezereka - monga chitetezo chachikulu kuopseza.

Mkulu wankhondo wamkulu ku UK, Rear Admiral Neil Morisetti, anati mchaka cha 2013 kuti kuwopseza komwe kudachitika ku UK ndikusintha kwanyengo ndiwakukulu monga momwe zimakhalira chifukwa cha ziwopsezo za cyber komanso za uchigawenga.

Mavuto a Covid-19 abweretsa mayitanidwe ndi akatswiri kuti aunikenso chitetezo chamayiko aku Britain ndi chitetezo. Lipotilo likuchenjeza kuti ntchito zazikuluzikulu zankhondo mtsogolo "zichititsa kuti chiwonjezeko chachikulu" chikutulutse mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, koma izi sizikuwoneka ngati boma lingapange chisankho.

Ntchito zankhondo monga kutumiza ndege zankhondo, zankhondo zankhondo ndi akasinja, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mabwalo ankhondo akunja, ndizowonjezera mphamvu komanso zimadalira mafuta omwe amatulutsa.

Mabungwe opangira zida zankhondo

Lipotili likuwunikiranso mpweya wopangidwa ndi kaboni wopangidwa ndi makampani 25 otsogola opangira zida zankhondo ku UK ndi othandizira ena akuluakulu ku MOD, yomwe pamodzi imagwiritsa ntchito anthu pafupifupi 85,000. Amawerengera kuti makampani opanga zida za ku UK amatulutsa mamiliyoni 1.46 a kaboni dayokisaidi chaka chilichonse, mulingo wofanana ndi mpweya uliwonse ku UK.

Bungwe la BAE Systems, bungwe lalikulu kwambiri la zida zankhondo ku UK, linapereka ndalama 30% kuchokera ku kampani yopanga zida za Britain. Omwe anali atatsogola kwambiri anali Babcock International (6%) ndi Leonardo (5%).

Kutengera ndi malonda omwe amtengo wa $ 9 biliyoni, lipotilo likuyerekeza kuti kayendedwe ka kaboni ka UK komwe akutumiza kunja kwa zida zankhondo mu 2017-2018 anali matani miliyoni miliyoni a mpweya wofanana.

Ripotilo limadzetsa mafunso okhudza kuwonekera kwa gulu lazopanga zida zankhondo pakubwera kwa kufalitsa zachilengedwe. Ikupeza kuti makampani asanu ndi awiri ochokera ku UK sapereka "chidziwitso chochepa" pazotulutsa kaboni m'malipoti awo apachaka. Makampani asanu - MBDA, AirTanker, Elbit, Leidos Europe ndi WFEL - sanapereke deta yawo yonse.

Kampani imodzi yokha yomwe ikupereka chithandizo kwa AM, kampani yolumikizana ndi ma telefoni BT, imawunika mozama za kupezeka kwake kwachindunji ndi kosazungulira kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mu lipoti lake la chaka.

'Mauthenga olakwika'

Ripotilo linapeza kuti aMOD ndi "amasankha mwatsatanetsatane zidziwitso zakukhudzana ndi chilengedwe" zomwe amafalitsa, zomwe "nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera".

Bungwe la MOD lipereka malipoti okhudzana ndi mpweya womwe umatuluka mu gawo la lipoti lake la pachaka lotchedwa "Sustainable MOD". Imafotokoza zochitika zake m'magawo awiri otambalala: Ma estates, omwe amaphatikizapo magulu ankhondo ndi nyumba zaboma; ndi kuthekera, komwe kumaphatikizapo zankhondo, sitima zapamadzi, ndege zankhondo, akasinja ndi zida zina zankhondo.

Koma ziwerengero zomwe zimachokera ku mpweya wotulutsa kaboni (MOD) zimapereka maiko okha osati kuthekera kwake, zomwe zimangowululidwa pamwambowu ndipo zimangotengera zaka ziwiri zokha chaka chanenerachi.

Ziwerengerozi zikuwonetsa kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa Kutha Kwambiri ukupitilira 60% ya kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa MOD yonse. Olembawo adawona kuti "njira yolakwika yolakwika imawoneka ngati gawo la Sustainable MOD pazaka zingapo".

Zochitika zina zankhondo sizipulumutsidwa kuzilamulo zachitukuko zachitukuko - pomwe a AM akuganiza kuti "pakufunika chitetezo" - ndipo lipotilo likutsutsa, likulepheretsa kupereka malipoti ndi malamulo.

"Bungwe la AM ndi mabungwe awo, kuphatikiza omwe ali pantchito ya Unduna ndi mabungwe awo ocheperako, amagwera pansi pa gawo la Crown Immunity ndipo chifukwa chake sakukakamizidwa ndi bungwe la zachilengedwe," lipotilo likuti.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida munkhondo yankhondo kungathenso kutulutsa mpweya wambiri, komanso kukhala ndi zotulukapo zina zachilengedwe, koma chidziwitso chokwanira kuwerengera kuwonongeka kotere sichikupezeka.

Koma lipotilo lidapeza kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa MOD udagwa pafupifupi 50% mzaka 10 kuyambira 2007-08 mpaka 2017-18. Zifukwa zazikulu zinali zakuti UK idachepetsa kukula kwa magwiridwe ake ankhondo ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan, ndikatseka mabwalo azankhondo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe boma la David Cameron limapereka monga njira zake.

Lipotilo likuti kuthamangitsidwa kwa asirikali sikoyenera kugwa mtsogolo, kutchulanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe azigwiritsa ntchito, zida zankhondo zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri monga zonyamula ndege zatsopano za UK, komanso kukula kwa mabwalo ankhondo akunja.

Lipoti linati: "Kusintha kwakukulu kwa asitikali aku UK ... kungachititse kuti chilengedwe chichepe, kuphatikizapo mpweya woipa [wowonjezera kutentha]," inatero lipotilo.

Kafukufukuyu akuti mfundo zaku UK ziyenera kulimbikitsa njira yotchinjiriza anthu pothana ndi umphawi, thanzi, kusalingana ndi mavuto azachilengedwe, ndikumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ankhondo. "Izi ziyenera kuphatikizapo dongosolo lonse la 'kutembenuka mikono' kuphatikiza makampani onse a UK, kuphatikizapo ndalama zoyendetsera antchito."

Nkhani zina zofunika zachilengedwe zimayesedwa mu lipotilo. MOD yatula pansi magalimoto okwana 20 oyendetsedwa ndi nyukiliya kuyambira 1980, onse omwe ali ndi zinyalala zowopsa - koma sanamalize kugwetsa chilichonse mwa izo.

Lipotilo likuwerengera kuti MOD ikufunikabe kutaya matani 4,500 1,000 a zinthu zoopsa kuchokera pama sitima apamtundawu, matani 1983 ali oopsa kwambiri. Mpaka XNUMX, a MOD anangotaya zinyalala zama radio kuchokera ku zida zake panyanja.

A MOD adakana kuyankhapo.

 

Matt Kennard ndi mtsogoleri wa zofufuza, ndipo a Mark Curtis ndi mkonzi, ku Declassified UK, bungwe lofufuza zaukadaulo lolunjika pa UK zakunja, zankhondo ndi malingaliro aukadaulo. Twitter - @DeclassifiedUK. Mutha perekani ku Declassified UK kuno.