Ana ku Afghanistan - Chithunzi chojambula: cdn.pixabay.com
Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, March 25, 2021
Pa Marichi 18, dziko lapansi lidathandizidwa kwa a zochititsa chidwi Mlembi wa boma ku United States a Antony Blinken akuphunzitsa mwankhanza akuluakulu aku China za kufunika koti China izilemekeza "malamulo." Njira ina, Blinken anachenjezedwa, ndi dziko lomwe lingakhale lolondola, ndipo "lingakhale dziko lachiwawa kwambiri komanso losakhazikika kwa tonsefe."
Blinken anali kulankhula momveka bwino kuchokera pazomwe zidamuchitikira. Popeza United States idapereka UN Charter komanso malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi olanda Kosovo, Afghanistan ndi Iraq, ndipo agwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo komanso gulu limodzi zoletsedwa zachuma motsutsana ndi mayiko ena ambiri, zapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi likhale lowopsa kwambiri, lachiwawa komanso chisokonezo.
Msonkhano wa UN Security Council utakana kudalitsa nkhanza zomwe US idachita ku Iraq mu 2003, Purezidenti Bush adaopseza UN poyera "Zosafunikira." Pambuyo pake adasankha John Bolton kukhala kazembe wa UN, bambo yemwe adadziwika kale kamodzi anati kuti, ngati nyumba ya UN ku New York "itayika nkhani 10, sizingapange kusiyana kulikonse."
Koma patatha zaka makumi awiri zisanachitike mayiko aku US pomwe United States yanyalanyaza ndikuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, kusiya imfa, ziwawa ndi zipolowe pambuyo pake, mfundo zakunja kwa US zitha kubwera kwathunthu, makamaka ku Afghanistan .
Secretary Blinken watenga gawo lomwe silingaganizidwepo poyitanitsa bungwe la United Nations kuti kutsogolera zokambirana pofuna kuthetsa nkhondo ndi kusintha kwandale ku Afghanistan, kusiya ulamuliro waku US ngati mkhalapakati wokha pakati pa boma la Kabul ndi a Taliban.
Chifukwa chake, patadutsa zaka 20 za nkhondo komanso kusamvera malamulo, kodi United States ili wokonzeka kupereka "lamuloli" mwayi wopambana unilateralism ya US ndipo "itha kukhala yolondola," m'malo mongogwiritsa ntchito ngati mawu achinyengo kuti alimbane adani ake?
Biden ndi Blinken akuwoneka kuti asankha nkhondo yopanda malire yaku America ku Afghanistan ngati mlandu, ngakhale akukana kuyanjananso ndi mgwirizano wa zida za nyukiliya wa Obama ndi Iran, amasamala mwansanje ntchito yaku US yokhayokha ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa Israeli ndi Palestine, amasungabe ziletso zachuma za a Trump, ndikupitilizabe kuphwanya malamulo aku America motsutsana ndi mayiko ena ambiri.
Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani ku Afghanistan?
Mu February 2020, oyang'anira a Trump adasaina mgwirizano ndi a Taliban kuti achotse kwathunthu asitikali aku US ndi NATO ku Afghanistan pofika Meyi 1, 2021.
A Taliban adakana kukambirana ndi boma lochirikizidwa ndi US ku Kabul mpaka pomwe mgwirizano wa US ndi NATO utasainidwa, koma izi zitachitika, mbali zaku Afghanistan zidayamba zokambirana zamtendere mu Marichi 2020. M'malo movomera kutha kwamoto pazokambiranazi. , monga momwe boma la US limafunira, a Taliban adangovomereza "kuchepetsa zachiwawa" sabata limodzi.
Patadutsa masiku khumi ndi limodzi, nkhondo yapitilira pakati pa a Taliban ndi boma la Kabul, United States kunena zabodza kuti a Taliban akuphwanya mgwirizano womwe adasainirana ndi United States ndikutulukanso kampeni yophulitsa bomba.
Ngakhale panali nkhondoyi, boma la Kabul ndi a Taliban adakwanitsa kusinthanitsa akaidi ndikupitiliza zokambirana ku Qatar, yoyimira pakati ndi nthumwi yaku US Zalmay Khalilzad, yemwe adakambirana mgwirizano wapakati pa US ndi a Taliban. Koma zokambiranazo zidapita pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zafika povuta.
Kubwera kwa kasupe ku Afghanistan nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa nkhondo. Popanda kuyimitsa moto kwatsopano, kukhumudwitsa kasupe mwina kumabweretsa madera ambiri a a Taliban-omwe kale zolamulira osachepera theka la Afghanistan.
Chiyembekezo ichi, kuphatikiza tsiku lomaliza la Meyi 1 la otsala 3,500 US ndi asitikali ankhondo ena 7,000 a NATO, adalimbikitsa kuyitanidwa kwa Blinken ku United Nations kuti akatsogolere njira yophatikizira yamtendere yapadziko lonse yomwe idzakhudzanso India, Pakistan ndi adani achikhalidwe aku United States, China, Russia komanso, makamaka Iran.
Izi zidayamba ndi a msonkhano pa Afghanistan ku Moscow pa Marichi 18-19, yomwe idasonkhanitsa nthumwi za anthu 16 kuchokera kuboma lothandizidwa ndi US ku Kabul ndi olankhula nawo kuchokera ku Taliban, komanso nthumwi yaku US Khalilzad ndi nthumwi zochokera kumayiko ena.
Msonkhano waku Moscow anayala maziko zokulirapo Msonkhano wotsogozedwa ndi UN idzachitikira ku Istanbul mu Epulo kukhazikitsa mapulani othetsa nkhondo, kusintha ndale komanso mgwirizano wogawana mphamvu pakati pa boma lochirikizidwa ndi US ndi a Taliban.
Secretary-General wa UN a Antonio Guterres asankha Jean Arnault kutsogolera zokambirana za UN. Arnault kale adakambirana zakumapeto kwa Guatemalan Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni mzaka za m'ma 1990 ndi mgwirizano wamtendere pakati pa boma ndi FARC ku Colombia, ndipo anali nthumwi ya Secretary-General ku Bolivia kuyambira pomwe boma la 2019 linapanga mpaka chisankho chatsopano chitachitika mu 2020. Arnault amadziwanso Afghanistan, atatumikira ku UN Assistance Mission kupita ku Afghanistan kuyambira 2002 mpaka 2006 .
Ngati msonkhano waku Istanbul ubweretsa mgwirizano pakati pa boma la Kabul ndi a Taliban, asitikali aku US atha kukhala kwawo nthawi ina m'miyezi ikubwerayi.
Purezidenti Trump-akuyesera mwamphamvu kuti akwaniritse lonjezo lake lothetsa nkhondo yosatha- akuyenera kuyamikiridwa poyambitsa kutulutsa kwathunthu asitikali aku US ku Afghanistan. Koma kuchoka popanda dongosolo lamtendere lonse sikukanathetsa nkhondo. Njira yamtendere motsogozedwa ndi UN iyenera kupatsa anthu aku Afghanistan mwayi wabwino wamtsogolo wamtendere kuposa ngati magulu ankhondo aku US atachoka magulu awiriwa akadali pankhondo, ndikuchepetsa mwayi woti amapindula zopangidwa ndi akazi pazaka izi zidzatayika.
Zinatenga zaka 17 za nkhondo kuti abweretse United States patebulo la zokambirana komanso zaka zina ziwiri ndi theka asanakonzekere kubwerera ndikulola UN kuti izitsogolera pazokambirana zamtendere.
Nthawi yayitali, US idayeserabe kukhala ndi malingaliro akuti pamapeto pake itha kugonjetsa a Taliban ndi "kupambana" pankhondoyo. Koma zikalata zamkati zaku US zosindikizidwa ndi WikiLeaks ndi mtsinje wa malipoti ndi kufufuza idawulula kuti atsogoleri ankhondo aku US komanso andale adziwa kwanthawi yayitali kuti sangapambane. Monga General Stanley McChrystal ananenera, zabwino kwambiri zomwe asitikali aku US angachite ku Afghanistan zinali "Kusokoneza pamodzi."
Zomwe zimatanthawuza pakuchita zinali kusiya makumi masauzande za bomba, tsiku ndi tsiku, chaka ndi chaka, ndikuwombera usiku masauzande ambiri omwe, kawirikawiri kuposa ayi, kuphedwa, kupundulidwa kapena kumangidwa mosalakwa anthu osalakwa.
Chiwerengero cha omwalira ku Afghanistan ndi Osadziwika. Ambiri aku US mimph ndi kuwukira usiku zikuchitika kumadera akutali, kumapiri komwe anthu samalumikizana ndi ofesi ya UN yokhudza ufulu wa anthu ku Kabul yomwe imafufuza malipoti a anthu omwe afa.
Fiona Frazer, wamkulu wa ufulu wachibadwidwe wa UN ku Afghanistan, adavomera BBC mu 2019 kuti "… anthu wamba amaphedwa kapena kuvulala ku Afghanistan chifukwa cha nkhondo kuposa kwina kulikonse Padziko Lapansi…. Ziwerengero zomwe zatulutsidwa sizikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwenikweni . ”
Palibe kafukufuku wakufa yemwe wachitika kuyambira pomwe US adalowa mu 2001. Kuyambitsa kuwerengera kwathunthu za mtengo wa anthu pa nkhondoyi kuyenera kukhala gawo limodzi la ntchito ya nthumwi ya UN Arnault, ndipo sitiyenera kudabwa ngati, monga Commission Commission adayang'anira ku Guatemala, zikuwulula kuti ndi omwalira omwe ali kakhumi kapena makumi awiri zomwe tawuzidwa.
Ngati malingaliro a Blinken atakwanitsa kuthetsa kuphwanya kumeneku "kwakungoyenda pang'ono," ndikubweretsa mtendere ngakhale pang'ono ku Afghanistan, izi zitha kukhazikitsa chitsanzo komanso chitsanzo chabwino panjira zachiwawa zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zosatha komanso nkhondo zapakati pa 9/11 zaku America mmaiko ena mayiko.
United States yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo ndikuwononga chuma kuwononga, kudzipatula kapena kulanga mndandanda womwe ukukula padziko lonse lapansi, koma ilibenso mphamvu yogonjetsa, kukhazikitsanso komanso kuphatikiza maiko awa muufumu wawo wa neocolonial, monga idachita nditakhala ndi mphamvu yayitali nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Kugonjetsedwa kwa America ku Vietnam kunali kosintha m'mbiri: kutha kwa zaka za maufumu ankhondo aku Western.
United States yonse yomwe ingafikire m'maiko omwe ikulanda kapena kuwazungulira lero ndikuwasunga m'maiko osiyanasiyana aumphawi, ziwawa ndi chisokonezo - zidasweka zidutswa za ufumu womwe udasokonekera mzaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi.
Asitikali ankhondo aku US komanso ziletso zachuma zitha kuletsa kwakanthawi mayiko omwe akuphulitsidwa ndi bomba kapena osauka kuti angabwezeretse ulamuliro wawo kapena kupindula ndi ntchito zachitukuko zotsogozedwa ndi China monga Initiative Belt ndi Road, koma atsogoleri aku America alibe njira ina yachitukuko yomwe angawapatse.
Anthu aku Iran, Cuba, North Korea ndi Venezuela akuyenera kungoyang'ana ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Haiti, Libya kapena Somalia kuti awone komwe wopondereza kusintha kwamalamulo aku America angawatsogolere.
Kodi zonsezi ndi chiyani?
Anthu akukumana ndi zovuta zowopsa mzaka chino, kuchokera ku kutha kwa misa zachilengedwe mpaka chiwonongeko ya nyengo yolimbikitsa moyo yomwe yakhala gawo lofunikira m'mbiri ya anthu, pomwe mitambo ya bowa ya nyukiliya idakalipobe tiwopsezeni tonse ndi chitukuko-kutha kwachiwonongeko.
Ndi chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo kuti Biden ndi Blinken akutembenukira kuzokambirana zovomerezeka ku Afghanistan, ngakhale zitakhala chifukwa, atatha zaka 20 zankhondo, pamapeto pake awona zokambirana ngati njira yomaliza.
Koma mtendere, zokambirana komanso malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi sayenera kukhala njira yomaliza, kuyesedwa pokhapokha ma Democrat ndi Republican nawonso akakamizidwa kuvomereza kuti palibe mtundu watsopano wa kukakamiza kapena kukakamiza. Komanso sayenera kukhala njira yonyodola kuti atsogoleri aku America asambe m'manja mwavuto laminga ndikuupereka ngati chikho cha poizoni kuti ena amwe.
Ngati mlembi wotsogozedwa ndi UN motsogozedwa ndi a Blinken wayamba kuchita bwino ndipo asitikali aku US abwerera kwawo, aku America sayenera kuiwala za Afghanistan m'miyezi ndi zaka zikubwerazi. Tiyenera kulabadira zomwe zimachitika kumeneko ndikuphunzira kuchokera pamenepo. Ndipo tiyenera kuthandizira mowolowa manja zopereka ku US pothandiza ndi chitukuko chomwe anthu aku Afghanistan adzafunika zaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Umu ndi momwe "dongosolo lokhazikitsira malamulo," lomwe atsogoleri aku US amakonda kukambirana koma kuphwanya pafupipafupi, akuyenera kugwira ntchito, UN ikukwaniritsa udindo wawo wopanga mtendere komanso mayiko omwe akuthetsa kusamvana kwawo kuti athandizire.
Mwinanso mgwirizano ku Afghanistan utha kukhala gawo loyamba kulumikizana kwakukulu ndi US ndi China, Russia ndi Iran zomwe zingakhale zofunikira ngati tithetsa mavuto omwe tikukumana nawo tonsefe.
Medea Benjamin ndi amene amapanga CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikiza M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Magazi Pa Manja Athu: Kuthamangira ku America ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Iraq.
