UK Parliament ikufotokoza momwe nkhondo ya NATO ya 2011 ku Libya inali yochokera ku mabodza

Kafukufuku waku Britain: Gaddafi sanali kupita kunkhondo; Kuphulika kwamayiko akumadzulo kunapangitsa kuti Chisilamu chiziwonjezereka

Wolemba Ben Norton, okonzera

"Libya: Kuunikira kwa kulowererapo ndi kutha ndi malingaliro amtsogolo a UK," a kufufuza ndi a Committee of Commons's bipartisan Foreign Affairs Committee, ikutsutsa mwamphamvu mbali yomwe UK ikuchita pankhondoyo, yomwe idasokoneza boma mtsogoleri wa Libya a Muammar Qaddafi ndikusokoneza dziko la North Africa pachiwonetsero.

"Sitinawone umboni kuti Boma la UK lidayesa bwino za kupanduka komwe ku Libya," lipotilo linatero. "Njira yaku UK idakhazikitsidwa pamalingaliro olakwika komanso kusamvetsetsa bwino kwa umboni."

Komiti Yazachilendo ikumaliza ikuti boma la Britain "lidalephera kuzindikira kuti zomwe zawopseza nzika zakuchulukirachulukira ndikuti zigawenga zidaphatikizanso gawo lachiSilamu."

Kufunsira kwa Libya, komwe kudakhazikitsidwa mu Julayi 2015, ndizokhazikika pazaka zoposa kafukufuku komanso zokambirana ndi andale, ophunzira, atolankhani ndi ena ambiri. Ripotilo, lomwe linatulutsidwa pa Sep. 14, likuwonetsa izi:

• Qaddafi sanali wokonzekera kupha anthu wamba. Nthanoyi idakokedwa ndi zigawenga komanso maboma aku Western, zomwe zidakhazikitsa kulowerera kwawo panzeru.
• Kuopseza kwa achipembedzo achisilamu, omwe anali ndi mphamvu yayikulu pakuwukira, sananyalanyazidwe - ndipo bomba la NATO linapangitsa izi kuwopsa, ndikupatsa ISIS maziko ku North Africa.
• France, yomwe idayambitsa kulowererapo kwa asitikali, idalimbikitsidwa ndi zokonda zachuma komanso ndale, osati zothandizira anthu.
• Zipolowe - zomwe zinali zachiwawa, osati zamtendere - sizikadakhala zopambana zikadapanda kulowerera ndi nkhondo zakunja. Mitundu yofalitsa nkhani yakunja, makamaka a Al Jazeera a Qatar komanso Al Arabiya ya Saudi Arabia, afalitsa mphekesera zopanda umboni zonena za Qaddafi ndi boma la Libya.
• Kuphulitsa kwa NATO kudalowa mu Libya ndi ngozi yothandiza anthu, ndikupha anthu masauzande ambiri ndikuthawa mazana ena, ndikusintha Libya kuchokera kudziko la Africa ndi moyo wambiri wokhala m'dziko lovuta nkhondo.

Nthano kuti Qaddafi ikapha anthu wamba komanso kusowa kwa chidwi

"Ngakhale anali wanthanthi, lingaliro loti Muammar Gaddafi akadalamulira kuti kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba ku Benghazi sikunathandizidwe ndi umboni womwe ulipo," Komiti Yachilendo Yachilendo ikunena momveka bwino.

"Ngakhale Muammar Gaddafi akuwopseza kuti achitiridwa chiwembu kwa omwe apanga lamulo lake, sizitanthauza kuti aliyense ku Benghazi akuopseza," lipotilo lipitiliza. "Mwachidule, chiwopsezo kwa anthu wamba sichinapezeke chotsimikizika."

Chidule cha lipotilo chikuwonetsanso kuti nkhondoyi "sinadziwitsidwe ndi anzeru olondola." Idanenanso kuti, "Akuluakulu azamalamulo aku US akuti adalowererapo ngati 'chisankho chanzeru.'”

Izi zikuwomba pamaso pa zomwe ziwerengero zandale zimati zikutsogolera bomba la NATO. Pambuyo zionetsero zachiwawa zinaphulika ku Libya mwezi wa February, ndipo Benghazi - mzinda wachiwiri waukulu ku Libya - adalandidwa ndi zigawenga, anthu omwe anali mu ukapolo monga a Soliman Bouchuiguir, Purezidenti wa European League of Human Rights ku Europe.ankadzinenera kuti Qaddafi alandanso mzindawu, "Kudzakhala magazi enieni, kupha anthu ambiri monga momwe tidawonera ku Rwanda."

Ripoti la Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Britain, komabe, likuwona kuti boma la Libya lidachotsa matawuni kwa zigawenga kumayambiriro kwa February 2011, NATO isanayambe msonkhano wawo wokhudza ndege, ndipo magulu ankhondo a Qaddafi sanagwire anthu wamba.

Pa Marichi 17, 2011, lipotilo likuti - masiku awiri NATO isanayambe bomba - Qaddafi idauza zigawenga ku Benghazi, "Tayani zida zanu, monga abale anu aku Ajdabiya ndi malo ena. Adagoneka manja ndipo ali otetezeka. Sitinawalondola konse. ”

Komiti Yowona Zakunja idawonjezera kuti, pamene boma la Libya likulanda mzinda wa Ajdabiya mu february, iwo sanazunze anthu wamba. A Qaddafi "adayesanso kukondweretsa otsutsa ku Benghazi ndi thandizo lachitukuko asanagwetse gulu lankhondo," lipotilo likuwonjezera.

Mu chitsanzo china, lipotilo likuwonetsa kuti, atamenya nkhondo mu February ndi Marichi mumzinda Misrata - mzinda wachitatu ku Libya, womwe nawonso adalandidwa ndi zigawenga - pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya anthu omwe anaphedwa ndi boma la Libya anali azimayi kapena ana.

"Kusiyana pakati pa ovutitsidwa ndi amuna ndi akazi kunapangitsa kuti boma la Gaddafi likakamize omenya achimenya nawo nkhondo yankhondo yapachiweniweni ndipo sanazunze anthu mwachinyengo," akutero komitiyi.

Akuluakulu aku Britain adavomereza pakufufuza kwa Nyumba yamalamulo kuti sawaganizira zomwe Qaddafi adachita, ndipo m'malo mwake adapempha kuti alowerere mdziko la Libya kutengera momwe amakanenera.

Mu February, Qaddafi adatentha malankhulidwe kuwopseza zigawenga zomwe zalanda mizinda. Anati "ndi ochepa" komanso "owopsa," ndipo adawatcha "makoswe" omwe akusintha Libya kukhala mtsogoleri wa Zawahiri ndi Bin Laden, "akuwatsogolera atsogoleri a al-Qaeda.

Pomaliza kuyankhula, Qaddafi adalonjeza "kuyeretsa Libya, inchi ndi nyumba, nyumba ndi nyumba, nyumba ndi nyumba," alley ndi ena, "opanduka awa. Makanema ambiri aku Western amatero, ankanena kapena kunena motsimikiza kuti mawu ake amawopseza onse otsutsa. Mtolankhani waku Israeli anthu ambiri mzerewu posintha kukhala nyimbo yotchedwa "Zenga, Zenga" (Chiarabu cha "alleyway"). Kanema wa YouTube wokhala ndi mawu osinthidwa adafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Komiti Yowona Zakunja idalengeza kuti, panthawiyi, akuluakulu aku Britain anali "wopanda nzeru zodalirika." A William Hague, omwe anali mlembi wa boma la Britain pa zochitika zakunja ndi wamba pa nthawi ya nkhondo ku Libya, adati komiti yomwe Qaddafi idalonjeza "kupita kunyumba ndi nyumba, m'chipinda modyeramo, kubwezera anthu a Benghazi," molakwika mawu a Qaddafi. Ananenanso, "Anthu ambiri adzafa."

"Popeza kulibe nzeru zodalirika, onse a Lord Hague ndi a Dr Fox adawonetsa kukhudzika kwa zomwe a Muammar Gaddafi adapanga popanga chisankho," lipotilo likuti, a Secretary of State for Defense a Liam Fox.

George Joffé, wophunzira ku King's College London University komanso katswiri ku Middle East ndi North Africa, adauza Komiti Yoyang'anira Nkhani zakunja kuti idafufuza kuti, pomwe Qaddafi nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito mawu achipongwe owopseza kuti "ndizopanda magazi", zitsanzo zam'mbuyomu zidawonetsa kuti mtsogoleri wakale wa Libyan anali "wosamala kwambiri" kuti apewe ozunzidwa.

Panthawi ina, a Joffé anati, "m'malo mongoyesa kuthana ndi boma lakum'mawa, ku cyrenaica, Gaddafi adatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi akuyesera kuti athandize mafuko omwe anali komweko."

A Qaddafi "akadakhala wosamala pazomwe adayankha," Joffé adatero. Kuopa kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba kwatha. ”

Alison Pargeter, wofufuza wamkulu ku Royal United Services Institute komanso katswiri pa Libya yemwe adafunsidwanso kafukufukuyu, adagwirizana ndi Joffé. Adauza komitiyi kuti palibe "umboni weniweni panthawiyo kuti a Gaddafi akukonzekera kupha anthu awo."

"Émigrés amatsutsana ndi Muammar Gaddafi adagwiritsa ntchito chipwirikiti ku Libya pochulukitsa zoopseza zachitukuko komanso kulimbikitsa ma azungu kuti alowererepo," lipotilo likuwuza mwachidule zomwe a Joffé adafotokoza.

A Pargeter adaonjezeranso kuti Achilubya omwe amatsutsa boma amakokomeza kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Qaddafi kugwiritsa ntchito "mamembala" - mawu omwe nthawi zambiri amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati liwu loti Libyans of sub-Saharan. A Pargeter adati a Libyamu adamuuza kuti, "Anthu aku Africa akubwera. Adzatipha. A Gaddafi akutumiza anthu aku Africa m'misewu. Akupha mabanja athu. ”

"Ndikuganiza kuti izi zidakulitsidwa kwambiri," adatero Pargeter. Nthano yowonjezereka iyi idayambitsa chiwawa choopsa. Achilibya akuda anaponderezedwa mwankhanza ndi zigawenga zaku Libya. Press Associated inanena mu Seputembala 2011, "Gulu la zigawenga komanso anthu wamba okhala ndi zida akutenga zikwizikwi za anthu akuda achi Liby ndi osamukira ku Sahara Africa." Zinati, "Pafupifupi onse omangidwawo akuti ndi antchito osalakwa osagwira ntchito."

(Zigawenga zomwe zimachitidwa ndi anthu akuda a Liby zikupitilira kukula. Mu 2012, pamakhala nkhani zoti a Liby akuda anali ikani malawi ndi zigawenga, komanso kukakamizidwa kudya mbendera. Monga Salon wachitira mbiri yakale, Human Rights Watch komansoanachenjezedwa Mu 2013 yokhudza kuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe kwa anthu okhala m'tauni ya Tawergha, omwe anthu ambiri amawawona ngati akuchirikiza Muammar Gaddafi. "Anthu a Tawergha anali ambiri mbadwa za akapolo akuda ndipo anali osauka kwambiri. Human Rights Watch inanena kuti zigawenga zaku Libyan "zidakhazikitsa" anthu wamba a 40,000, kumangidwa kosaloledwa, kuzunzidwa, ndi kuphana kuli ponseponse, mwadongosolo, komanso machitidwe okwanira kuti akhale olakwira anthu. ")

Mu Julayi 2011, Mneneri wa Dipatimenti ya State Mark Toner adavomereza kuti Qaddafi ndi "munthu amene wapereka chiwerewere mopitilira muyeso,", koma mu February, maboma aku Western adasinthiratu izi.

Komiti Yazachilendo ikupereka lipoti lake kuti, ngakhale alibe nzeru, "Boma la UK lidayang'ana kwambiri za kulowererapo pazankhondo" ngati yankho ku Libya, likunyalanyaza njira zothandizira ndale komanso zokambirana.

Izi ndizogwirizana malipoti yolembedwa ndi Washington Times, yomwe idapeza kuti mwana wa Qaddafi, Saif, akuyembekeza kuti athetse mkangano ndi boma la US. Saif Qaddafi adatsegula mwakachetechete kulumikizana ndi Joint Chiefs of Staff, koma pomwepo-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton adalowererapo ndipo adapempha Pentagon kuti isiye kuyankhula ndi boma la Libya. "Secretary Clinton sakufuna kukambirana konse," wogwira ntchito zanzeru ku US adauza Saif.

Mu Marichi, Secretary Clinton anali wotchedwa Muammar Qaddafi "cholengedwa" "wopanda chikumbumtima ndipo angaopseze aliyense panjira yake." Clinton, yemwe adasewera kutsogolera pakukankhira bomba la NATO wa Libya, akuti Qaddafi angachite "zoyipa" ngati sakanayimitsidwa.

Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Okutobala 2011, NATO idachita zionetsero chowombera boma motsutsana ndi magulu ankhondo a Libyan. Amati akufuna kutsatira ntchito yothandiza anthu kuteteza anthu wamba. Mu Okutobala, Qaddafi anaphedwa mwankhanza - anagoneka ndi bayonet ndi zigawenga. (Atangomva zoti amwalira, Secretary Clinton adalengeza pa TV kuti, "Tabwera, tawona, wamwalira!")

Komiti Yokhudza Ndalama Zakunja ikuti, ngakhale kuti kulowererapo kwa NATO kugulitsidwa ngati ntchito yothandiza anthu, cholinga chake chongowoneka ngati chotere chakwaniritsidwa tsiku limodzi lokha.

Pa Marichi 20, 2011, magulu ankhondo a Qaddafi adabweza makilomita pafupifupi 40 kunja kwa Benghazi, ndege za ku France zitaukira. "Ngati cholinga chachikulu cha mgwirizanowu chinali kufunikira koteteza anthu wamba ku Benghazi, ndiye kuti cholinga chake chidatheka osakwanitsa maola a 24," lipotilo likuti. Komabe, kulowererapo kwa nkhondo kunachitika kwa miyezi ingapo.

Lipotilo likufotokozera kuti "kulowererapo kwakanthawi koti ateteze nzika zawo zasintha kukhala ndi mwayi wosintha boma." Komabe, izi zikutsutsidwa ndi a Michael Zenko, mnzake wakale ku Council on Foreign Relations. Zenko adagwiritsa ntchito zida zake NATO bwanji kuti "kulowererapo kwa Libya kunali pafupi kusintha kwa boma kuyambira pa chiyambi pomwe."

Pofufuza kwawo, Komiti Yachilendo Yachilendo imatchula June 2011 Amnesty International lipoti, yomwe yawonetsa kuti "kufalitsa nkhani zambiri zakumadzulo kuyambira pachiwonetsero zikuwonetsa malingaliro amodzi pazinthuzi, kuwonetsera gulu lachiwonetsero ngati lamtendere komanso kosalekeza kunena kuti chitetezo cha boma sichinaphe anthu owonetsa osavulaza omwe sanapereke chitetezo chovuta. ”

Nkhani yomwe idapezeka koyamba pa Salon: http://www.salon.com/2016/09/16/uk-parliament-report-details-how-natos-2011-war-in-libya-was-based-on-lies/ #