Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, Okutobala 2, 2020
Washington Post mtolankhani Jamal Khashoggi anaphedwa mwankhanza pa Okutobala 2, 2018 ndi nthumwi za boma lankhanza la Saudi Arabia, ndipo CIA idatsimikiza kuti idamupha. pa malamulo achindunji kuchokera ku Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS). Amuna asanu ndi atatu aku Saudi apezeka ndi mlandu wopha Khashoggi ndi bwalo lamilandu la Saudi pa zomwe zidachitika Washington Post yodziwika ngati mayesero abodza popanda kuwonekera. Akuluakulu omwe adalamula kupha, kuphatikiza MBS, akupitiliza kuthawa udindo.
Kuphedwa ndi kudulidwa kwa Khashoggi kunali koopsa komanso kozizira kwambiri kotero kuti zinayambitsa mkwiyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Purezidenti Trump, komabe, adayimilira ndi MBS, kudzitama kuti mtolankhani Bob Woodward kuti adapulumutsa "bulu" wa kalonga ndipo adapeza "Congress kuti amusiye yekha."
Kukwera kwa MBS ku ulamuliro wankhanza, bambo ake okalamba a King Salman atangokhala mfumu mu Januwale 2015, adagulitsidwa kudziko lonse lapansi poyambitsa nyengo yatsopano yokonzanso zinthu, koma kwenikweni akhala akupondereza mwankhanza komanso mwankhanza. The chiwerengero cha ophedwa chawonjezeka kuwirikiza kawiri, kuchoka pa anthu 423 omwe anaphedwa pakati pa 2009 ndi 2014 kufika kupitirira 800 kuyambira January 2015.
Mulinso kuphedwa kochuluka mwa anthu 37 pa Epulo 23, 2019, makamaka chifukwa chochita nawo ziwonetsero zamtendere za Arab Spring mu 2011-12. Ziwonetserozi zidachitika kumadera a Shiite komwe anthu amakumana ndi tsankho muufumu wambiri wa Sunni. Pafupifupi atatu mwa omwe adaphedwawo anali achichepere pomwe adaweruzidwa, ndipo m'modzi anali wophunzira yemwe adamangidwa pabwalo la ndege akupita ku yunivesite ya Western Michigan. Mabanja ambiri a ozunzidwawo anena kuti anaimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha kuulula kokakamiza kochitidwa ndi chizunzo, ndipo mitembo iwiri yodulidwa mitu inayikidwa pagulu.
Pansi pa MBS, kusagwirizana konse kwaphwanyidwa. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, onse aku Saudi Arabia odziyimira pawokha omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe atsekeredwa m’ndende, kuwopsezedwa kuti asakhale chete, kapena athaŵa m’dzikolo. Izi zikuphatikiza omenyera ufulu wa amayi monga Loujain al-Hathoul, amene anatsutsa lamulo loletsa madalaivala azimayi. Ngakhale pali mwayi kwa amayi omwe ali pansi pa MBS, kuphatikizapo ufulu woyendetsa galimoto, akazi aku Saudi amasalidwa mwalamulo ndi machitidwe, ndi malamulo omwe amaonetsetsa kuti ali nzika zogonjera amuna, makamaka zokhudzana ndi nkhani za banja monga ukwati, chisudzulo, kusunga ana. ndi cholowa.
Ulamuliro wa a Trump sunatsutsepo kuponderezana kwamkati kwa Saudi Arabia, ndipo choyipa kwambiri, chathandizira kwambiri pankhondo yankhanza yotsogozedwa ndi Saudi ku Yemen yoyandikana. Purezidenti wa Yemen Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi atalephera kuchoka paudindo kumapeto kwa zaka ziwiri ngati wamkulu wa boma losintha, kapena kukwaniritsa udindo wake wopanga malamulo atsopano ndikupanga chisankho chatsopano, gulu la zigawenga la Houthi. litalanda likulu, Sana'a, mu 2014, adamutsekera pa ukaidi wosachoka panyumba ndipo adamuuza kuti agwire ntchito yake.
Hadi m'malo mwake adasiya ntchito, adathawira ku Saudi Arabia ndikuchita chiwembu ndi MBS ndi Saudis kuti ayambitse nkhondo kuti ayese kumubwezeretsa pampando. United States yapereka mafuta owonjezera mumlengalenga, luntha komanso kukonzekera kuwukira kwa ndege ku Saudi ndi Emirati ndipo yapeza ndalama zopitilira 100 biliyoni pakugulitsa zida. Pomwe thandizo la US kunkhondo yaku Saudi idayamba pansi pa Purezidenti Obama, a Trump apereka chithandizo chopanda malire pomwe zoopsa zankhondoyi zadabwitsa dziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi Ntchito ya Yemen Data, osachepera 30% ya ndege zothandizidwa ndi US ku Yemen zakhudza zolinga za anthu wamba, kuphatikizapo zipatala, zipatala zachipatala, masukulu, misika, zowonongeka za anthu wamba, komanso ndege yoopsa kwambiri pa basi ya sukulu yomwe inapha ana a 40 ndi akuluakulu a 11.
Patatha zaka zisanu, nkhondo yankhanzayi yangowononga anthu ambiri komanso chipwirikiti, ndipo ana ambiri amafa tsiku lililonse ndi njala, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso matenda omwe angathe kupewedwa, zomwe zikuphatikizidwa ndi mliri wa Covid-19.
Kuyesetsa kwa Belated Congress kuti athetse thandizo la US pankhondoyi, kuphatikiza kuperekedwa kwa bilu ya War Powers mu Marichi 2019 ndi chikalata choyimitsa kugulitsa zida ku Saudi Arabia mu Julayi 2019, zakhala zikuchitika. vetod atafika pa desiki ya Purezidenti Trump.
Tiye mgwirizano wa US ndi Saudis ndithudi anatsogolera Trump, kubwereranso ku kupezeka kwa mafuta mu 1930s. Ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe cha anthu ogulitsa mafuta sichilinso chofunikira pachuma cha US, Saudi Arabia yakhala imodzi mwa ogula kwambiri zida za US, wogulitsa ndalama zambiri m'mabizinesi aku US komanso wothandizira motsutsana ndi Iran. ANkhondo za US zitalephera ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq, US idayamba kukonzekeretsa Saudi Arabia kuti ikhale yotsogola pazandale komanso zankhondo, pamodzi ndi Israeli, mumgwirizano watsopano wotsogozedwa ndi US kuti athane ndi chikoka cha Iran, Russia ndi China ku Middle East. .
Nkhondo ya ku Yemen inali kuyesa koyamba kwa Saudi Arabia monga mtsogoleri wotsogolera asilikali a US, ndipo idavumbula zonse zomwe zili zofunika komanso za makhalidwe abwino za ndondomekoyi, ndikuyambitsa nkhondo ina yosatha komanso vuto lalikulu kwambiri laumunthu padziko lapansi lomwe lili m'mayiko osauka kwambiri padziko lapansi. . Kupha kwa a MBS a Jamal Khashoggi kudabwera panthawi yovuta kwambiri pakuvumbulutsidwa kwa njira yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha, ndikuwulula misala yokhazikika yokhazikitsira mfundo zaku America zaku Middle East zazaka za zana la 21 pa mgwirizano ndi ufumu wa neo-feudal wokhazikika chifukwa chakupha komanso kuponderezana.
Purezidenti Obama adayesa kusintha njira kumapeto kwa utsogoleri wake, ndikuyimitsa kugulitsa zida zankhondo ku Saudi Arabia ndikusaina pangano la nyukiliya ndi Iran. Trump adasintha mfundo zonsezi, ndipo adapitilizabe kuchitira Saudi Arabia ngati mnzake wotsutsa, ngakhale dziko lapansi lidachita mantha ndi kuphedwa kwa Khashoggi.
Ngakhale kuzunzidwa kwa Saudi sikunachepetse thandizo lopanda malire la olamulira a Trump, zayambitsa kutsutsa padziko lonse lapansi. Muchitukuko chatsopano chosangalatsa, omenyera ufulu waku Saudi omwe adathamangitsidwa apanga chipani cha ndale, National Assembly Party kapena NAAS, kuyitanitsa demokalase ndi kulemekeza ufulu wa anthu mu ufumuwo. Pakutsegulira kwake mawu, chipanicho chinapereka masomphenya a Saudi Arabia momwe nzika zonse zili zofanana malinga ndi malamulo komanso nyumba yamalamulo yosankhidwa mokwanira ili ndi mphamvu zamalamulo ndi kuyang'anira mabungwe akuluakulu a boma. Chikalatacho chinasainidwa ndi anthu ambiri otchuka a Saudi omwe ali mu ukapolo, kuphatikizapo pulofesa wa ku London, Madawi al-Rasheed; Abdullah Alaoudh, wophunzira waku Saudi yemwenso ndi mwana wamaphunziro achisilamu omwe ali m'ndende Salman al-Awda; komanso womenyera ufulu wachi Shia Ahmed al-Mshikhs.
Chinthu china chatsopano, chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa pa chaka chachiwiri cha kuphedwa kwa Khashoggi, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Democracy for the Arab World Now (DAWN), bungwe lopangidwa ndi Jamal Khashoggi miyezi ingapo asanaphedwe. DAWN idzalimbikitsa demokalase ndikuthandizira akapolo andale ku Middle East, mogwirizana ndi masomphenya a woyambitsa wake wophedwa.
Magulu opita patsogolo ku United States pitilizani kutsutsa Thandizo la US ku nkhondo ya Saudi Arabia ku Yemen ndikukankhira USAID ku kubwezeretsanso thandizo lachindunji zomwe zidatsitsidwa kumadera olamulidwa ndi Houthi ku Yemen mu 2020 mkati mwa mliri wa Covid-19. Omenyera ufulu waku Europe adayambitsa kampeni yopambana kuti kusiya kugulitsa zida ku Saudi Arabia m'maiko angapo.
Zaka ziwiri zapitazi zawonanso omenyera ufulu wawo akukonza ziwonetsero zaku Saudi. Pre-COVID, pomwe ufumuwo udatsegulira zoimbaimba, magulu monga CODEPINK ndi Human Rights Foundation. kukakamizidwa osangalatsa ngati Nicki Minaj kuti aletse mawonekedwe. Minaj anatuluka ndemanga kunena, "Ndikofunika kuti ndifotokoze momveka bwino kuti ndikuthandizira ufulu wa amayi, gulu la LGBTQ ndi ufulu wolankhula. " Meghan MacLaren, wosewera gofu wapamwamba kwambiri ku UK, adasiya mpikisano watsopano wa gofu ku Saudi Arabia, potengera malipoti a Amnesty International ndikuti sangatenge nawo mbali. "kutsuka masewera" Kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu ku Saudi.
Gulu latsopano layitana Ufulu Kupita, yomwe ikufuna kuthetsa mgwirizano wa US-Saudi, yayang'ana kwambiri pa G20 yomwe ikubwera ku Riyadh, yomwe ikuchitika pafupifupi mwezi wa November, kulimbikitsa oitanidwa kukana kutenga nawo mbali. Kampeniyi yakopa mameya amizinda ingapo yayikulu, kuphatikizapo New York City, Los Angeles, Paris ndi London, kuti anyanyale mwambowu, pamodzi ndi odziwika kuyitanidwa ku zochitika zapambali kwa akazi ndi oganiza padziko lonse.
Pamene tikulemba zaka ziwiri kuyambira kuphedwa kwa Jamal Khashoggi, titha kukhalanso posachedwa kutha kwa kayendetsedwe ka Trump. Ngakhale ndizovuta kutenga Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Biden mawu ake kuti sakanagulitsa zida zambiri kwa Saudis ndipo adzawapangitsa "kulipira mtengo" chifukwa chopha Khashoggi, ndi bwino kumva woimira pulezidenti akuvomereza kuti pali "mtengo wochepa wowombola anthu mu boma lomwe lilipo ku Saudi Arabia" ndipo amatcha "pariah state". Mwina ndi kukakamizidwa kokwanira kuchokera pansi, utsogoleri watsopano ukhoza kuyambitsa ndondomeko yosokoneza US kuchoka ku kukumbatira kwakupha kwa ulamuliro wankhanza wa Saudi.
Koma bola ngati atsogoleri aku US akupitilizabe kukakamiza a Saudis, ndizovuta kuti asafunse yemwe ali woyipa kwambiri - kalonga wamanyazi wa Saudi yemwe adapha Khashoggi komanso kupha anthu ambiri. zikwi zana Yemenis, kapena maboma owopsa aku Western ndi mabizinesi omwe akupitilizabe kumuthandizira ndikupindula ndi zolakwa zake?
Medea Benjamin ndi amene amapanga CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikiza Ufumu wa osalungama: Pambuyo pa US-Saudi Connection. Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Magazi Pa Manja Athu: Kuthamangira ku America ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Iraq.
