Wolemba Pieter Onse ndi Wim Zwijnenburg
Nkhondo yapachiweniweni yomwe ikupitilira ku Syria yapangitsa kuti anthu 120,000 afe (kuphatikiza ana pafupifupi 15,000) ndipo abweretsa chiwonongeko chachikulu m'mizinda ndi matauni m'dziko lonselo. Kupatula kukhudzidwa kwachindunji kwa mkangano wachiwawa pa miyoyo ya nzika za ku Syria, thanzi ndi chilengedwe chikuwonekera ngati mavuto aakulu omwe amayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwamsanga komanso kwa nthawi yaitali.
Nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Syria ikusiya chiwopsezo chakupha mwachindunji komanso mwanjira ina chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa asitikali mbali zonse. Zitsulo zolemera mu zida zankhondo, zotsalira zapoizoni zochokera ku zida zankhondo ndi mabomba ena, kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba ndi madzi, kuyang'ana malo opangira mafakitale ndi kubedwa kwa malo opangira mankhwala zonse zimathandizira kuwononga kwanthawi yayitali kwa anthu omwe akuvutika pankhondo. Kukula kwa zochitika zankhondo ku Syria pazaka zitatu zapitazi kukuwonetsa kuti zowononga ndi zowononga zosalunjika zidzakhala ndi cholowa chapoizoni chanthawi yayitali pa chilengedwe ndipo zitha kubweretsa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo kwazaka zikubwerazi. Pakati pa ziwawa zomwe zatenga nthawi yayitali, kwatsala pang'ono kuwunika kuchuluka kwa ngozi zomwe zingawononge thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe ku Syria kudera lonse lopangidwa ndi zinthu zapoizoni kapena ma radiation zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha zida zankhondo ndi zochitika zankhondo. Komabe, mapu oyambilira monga gawo la kafukufuku watsopano wa Syria wopangidwa ndi Dutch, mabungwe omwe si aboma amtendere. PAX amavumbulutsa mavuto osiyanasiyana m'madera ena.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida zazikuluzikulu pakuzinga kwanthawi yayitali mizinda monga Homs ndi Aleppo kwabalalitsa zida zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi zinthu zapoizoni zodziwika bwino monga zitsulo zolemera, zotsalira za mabomba, matope ndi zida zopangidwa kunyumba zomwe zili ndi zida zodziwika bwino za khansa monga. TNT, komanso zida zapoizoni za roketi zochokera ku zida zingapo zomwe zidayambitsidwa ndi asitikali aku Syria komanso otsutsa.
Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimatchedwa "mabomba a migolo," zili ndi ma kilogalamu mazana a zida zapoizoni, zamphamvu, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimaphulika ndipo zimatha kubweretsa kuipitsidwa kwanuko ngati sizikutsukidwa bwino. Momwemonso, kupanga bwino kwa zida zankhondo m'madera omwe ali ndi zigawenga kumakhudzanso kuthana ndi mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala oopsa, omwe amafunikira ukadaulo waukadaulo komanso malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito omwe nthawi zambiri sapezeka pamisonkhano ya zida za DIY za Free Syrian Army. The kukhudzidwa kwa ana potolera zinthu zakale komanso popanga zinthu zimakhala ndi ngozi zambiri paumoyo. Onjezani ku izi chiopsezo chokhala ndi zida zomangira zophwanyika, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi asibesitosi ndi zowononga zina. Fumbi lapoizoni limatha kukopa kapena kulowetsedwa chifukwa nthawi zambiri limathera m'nyumba, m'madzi ndi masamba. M'madera monga mzinda wakale wa Homs womwe unawonongedwa, kumene anthu wamba omwe athawa kwawo ayamba kubwerera, kumanga zinyalala ndi fumbi lapoizoni Zophulika zafalikira ponseponse, zomwe zimayika anthu ammudzi ndi ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu pangozi zomwe zingachitike paumoyo. Komanso, kusowa kwa kasamalidwe zinyalala m'matauni omwe ali ndi chiwawa amalepheretsa anthu kuchotsa zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zingawononge moyo wawo wautali.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngozi ya chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu ikuwoneka bwino m'madera opangira mafuta ku Syria, kumene makampani osagwirizana ndi mafuta akuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawenga zopanda luso komanso anthu wamba azigwira ntchito ndi zinthu zoopsa. Kukumba ndi kuyenga kwakanthawi kochitidwa ndi magulu am'deralo m'malo omwe zigawenga zikuyambitsa kufalikira kwa mpweya wapoizoni, kuipitsidwa kwa madzi ndi nthaka m'madera akumidzi. Kupyolera mu utsi ndi fumbi zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi ntchito zosalamulirika, zonyansa zokumba ndi zoyenga, ndi kutayikira komwe kumaipitsa madzi osoŵa pansi pa nthaka m’dera limene mwachizoloŵezi limatchedwa chigawo chaulimi, kuipitsidwa kwa malo oyeretserako kukufalikira kumidzi yachipululu yozungulira. Kale, malipoti ochokera kwa omenyera ufulu wawo akuchenjeza za matenda okhudzana ndi mafuta omwe akufalikira ku Deir ez-Zour. Malinga ndi dotolo wina wakumaloko, “matenda wamba kumaphatikizapo chifuwa chosalekeza ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala komwe kungayambitse zotupa.” M'tsogolomu, anthu wamba m'dera lomwe akhudzidwa ndi mavutowa akukumana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhudzidwa ndi mpweya wapoizoni pomwe madera ambiri akukhala osayenera ulimi.
Zomwe sizikudziwikabe kumayambiriro kwa kafukufuku wathu ndi zotsatira za chithandizo chaumunthu ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimayang'ana malo a mafakitale ndi ankhondo ndi nkhokwe. Mzinda wamafakitale wa Sheikh Najjar, komwe kuli anthu masauzande ambiri othawa kwawo ochokera kufupi ndi Aleppo, pachitika nkhondo yayikulu pakati pa boma ndi zigawenga. Chiwopsezo cha kukhudzidwa kwa anthu wamba ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwe zasungidwa m'dera loterolo ndichodetsa nkhawa, kaya ndi kuyang'ana malo omwe ali pamalopo kapena othawa kwawo akukakamizidwa kukhala m'malo oopsa.
Zotsatira za mikangano yachiwawa pa thanzi ndi chilengedwe zimayenera kukhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuwunika zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za nkhondo, zonse kuchokera kumagulu ankhondo okhudzana ndi zoopsa za zida zina wamba komanso kuchokera kumalo owunika pambuyo pa mikangano, zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chochulukirapo pakuteteza ndi kuyang'anira thanzi ndi chilengedwe.
-TSIRIZA-
Pieter Onse amagwira ntchito ngati wofufuza wa bungwe losagwirizana ndi boma la Dutch PAX pa zotsalira zapoizoni zankhondo ku Syria ndipo ali ndi MA mu Conflict Studies and Human Rights. Wim Zwijnenburg amagwira ntchito ngati Mtsogoleri wa Pulogalamu ya Chitetezo & Kuyika zida za PAX. Nkhani yolembedwera Kuzindikira pa Mikanganondi kugawidwa ndi PeaceVoice.
