Ndi Pat Elder, Ziwopsezo Zankhondo, June 15, 2022
Ndinawona "Top Gun: Maverick" dzulo. Zinali zowopsya mwamtheradi. Kanemayo akukhazikitsa mulingo watsopano wophunzitsidwa ndi boma, olimbikitsa usilikali, kuphunzitsa anthu ambiri. Goebbels, wofalitsa wamkulu wa chipani cha Hitler cha Nazi, akadachita mantha ndi ndege yonyezimira yakufa komanso zowoneka bwino komanso wowonetsa kanema mu tuxedo yake.
Tom Cruise adasewera ngati Captain Pete Mitchell mu Top Gun: Maverick. Mu 1990, Cruise adawonetsa kukayikira za filimu yoyambirirayo pomwe adati, "Anthu ena amawona kuti 'Top Gun' (1986) inali filimu yamanja yolimbikitsa gulu lankhondo la Navy. Ndipo ana ambiri ankakonda izo. Koma ndikufuna kuti ana adziwe kuti si mmene nkhondo ilili. Ndicho chifukwa chake sindinapitirire kupanga 'Top Gun II' ndi 'III' ndi 'IV' ndi 'V.' Kumeneko kukanakhala kupanda udindo.” - indiewire
Zimenezi zinachitika zaka 32 zapitazo. Amuna amasintha maganizo awo pa zinthu.
Tony Scott, wotsogolera filimu yoyambirira ya Top Gun mu 1986 adasinthanso maganizo ake pa zinthu. Tsoka ilo, Scott adadzipha Lamlungu, August 19, 2012 ali ndi zaka 68 pamene adagwa kuchokera ku Vincent Thomas Bridge ku San Pedro, California. Masiku awiri m'mbuyomu, Scott ndi Cruise anali limodzi kuti afufuze njira yawo yotsatira ya Top Gun ya Paramount. Scott ndi Cruise anali ku Nevada akuyendera Fallon Naval Air Station ngati gawo la kafukufuku wawo wa kanema. Fallon ndi kwawo kwa kwenikweni Naval Fighter Weapons School, yomwe imadziwika kuti Top Gun.
Tony Scott anali wotsogolera wanzeru ndipo ankakondedwa ndi ambiri. Iye zolemba zakumanzere mgalimoto yake ndi ofesi yake ku Los Angeles. Mmodzi anafotokoza chifukwa chimene anadziphera yekha, koma cholembedwacho sichinaululidwe pagulu, zomwe zinapangitsa anthu kudabwa zomwe anali kuganiza. Mwina ankaganiza ngati Yudasi Isikarioti amene anaponya ndalama zasiliva 30 zija m’kachisi asanadzipachike. “Ndachimwa,” anatero Yudasi, “chifukwa ndapereka mwazi wosalakwa.”
Top Gun isanatulutsidwe, Hollywood idawonetsa ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi zankhondo zomwe zidalipo mdzikolo nkhondo ya Vietnam itatha kuwulula zigawenga zaku America komanso zikhumbo zachifumu. Mafilimu monga The Deer Hunter ndi Apocalypse Tsopano adadyetsa anthu kunyansidwa ndi asilikali. Izi zinasintha ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Top Gun mu 1986. Firimuyi inagonjetsa bokosi la bokosi, komanso mitima ndi maganizo a anthu ambiri a ku America, makamaka omwe ali ndi zaka zolembera. Itatha kutulutsidwa, achinyamata ambiri adakwera pamzere kukalembetsa kuti adzakhale oyendetsa ndege.
Onani Mutu Wachisanu ndi chimodzi, "Hollywood Ilonjeza Kukhulupirika ku Dollar" m'buku langa, Kulemba usilikali ku United States
Director Oliver Stone adati Top Gun yoyambirira "idali filimu yachifasisti. Linagulitsa lingaliro lakuti nkhondo n’njoyera, nkhondo ingapambane. Palibe amene mufilimuyi adanenapo kuti adangoyambitsa Nkhondo Yachitatu Yapadziko Lonse!
Val Kilmer, yemwe adasewera Tom Kazansky, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Iceman, m'mafilimu onse awiriwa, adavomereza kuti sakufuna kuwonekera mufilimuyi, ndipo pamapeto pake adavomereza muzolemba za "Val". sanagwirizane ndi kulemekeza kwake asilikali.
Osewera angapo komanso oyimba adakana kuwonekera mu Top Gun chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti kanemayo amalemekeza nkhondo. Mwa iwo omwe sanagwirizane ndi ndale: Matthew Modine, Linda Fiorentino, Bryan Adams ndi Bruce Springsteen, wobadwira ku USA.
Ndani analoledwa Sadzapusitsidwanso kuphulitsidwa m'mabwalo amasewera padziko lonse lapansi pomwe timu ya Cruise killer imachita masewera awo a Mach-whatever.
Zomwe zili zoyenera, National Review inasindikiza mndandanda wa nyimbo 50 zazikulu kwambiri za rock. Pamwamba pa ndandandayo pali The Who's "Won's Get Fooled Again," nyimbo yonena za "osintha okhumudwa" omwe asiya malingaliro awo osadziwa.
Pete Townshend adalemba nyimbo ya Revolution. Mu ndime yoyamba pali kuwukirana. Pakati, amagwetsa omwe ali ndi mphamvu, koma pamapeto pake, ulamuliro watsopano umakhala ngati wakale. ("Kumanani ndi bwana watsopano, mofanana ndi bwana wakale"). Townshend ankaona kuti kusintha kunali kopanda phindu pakuti iye amene atenga ulamuliro, ndiye kuti aonongeka. Kodi amadziwa chiyani?
Navy ndithudi anaikonda!
M'malo mwake, pali stanza ya Navy yomwe idasinthidwa kuchokera mu kanemayo:
Kusintha, kunayenera kubwera
Tinkadziwa nthawi yonseyi
Tinamasulidwa ku khola, ndizo zonse
Ndipo dziko likuwoneka mofanana basi
Ndipo mbiriyakale sinasinthidwe
Chifukwa mbendera, izo zonse zinawuluka mu nkhondo yotsiriza
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Inu mumvetse izo. Mwachionekere Asilikali apamadzi sanakonde.
Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo likufuna kuti tichoke paupangiri wa Jefferson mu Declaration of Independence. Analemba ziganizo zazitali kwambiri:
"Maboma amakhazikitsidwa pakati pa anthu, akutenga mphamvu zawo zolungama kuchokera ku chilolezo cha olamuliridwa, Kuti nthawi iliyonse mtundu uliwonse wa Boma ukhala wowononga zolingazi, ndi Ufulu wa Anthu kusintha kapena kuthetsa, ndikukhazikitsa Boma latsopano, kuyaka maziko ake pa mfundo zoterozo ndi kulinganiza mphamvu zake m’njira yotero, monga momwe izo zidzawonekera kukhala zothekera kwambiri kukhudza Chisungiko ndi Chimwemwe chawo.”
Komabe, ambiri amalephera kunyalanyaza mabodza awo oipa.
Kupatula kumenyana ndi nkhondo zamakono ndikukonzekera zatsopano, Pentagon imathera nthawi yochuluka ndi mphamvu zowonera filimu. Achinyamata azaka zolembera anthu akudalira kwambiri Tik Tok, Instagram, makanema, kanema wawayilesi, YouTube ndi makanema ena kuti adziwitse ndikusintha momwe amawonera dziko lapansi. Malingaliro awo ndi osinthika.
Ana ndi omvera.
Russ Coons amamvetsa izi. Ndi Director wa Navy Office of Information West yomwe ili ku 10880 Wilshire Boulevard, ku LA.
Ntchito ya ofesiyi ndi "kupereka chitsogozo ndi ukadaulo panthawi yonse ya ntchito yolenga, kuyambira pamalingaliro mpaka kupanga pambuyo pake, kuti zitsimikizire zowona, zolondola, zowona za chuma, mfundo ndi anthu azikhalidwe za Navy."
Ndamva.
DOD imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu izi. Kalelo mu 1993, Paramount adapereka pempho ku Pentagon kuti amuthandize kujambula Forrest Gump, gulu lalikulu lachi America. Ankafuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma helikoputala a Chinook ndi zida zina zankhondo zanthawi ya Vietnam. Asilikali anali ndi zokayikitsa za filimuyo ndipo adafuna kusintha kambiri pa script. Mkuwa sanakonde zochitika pamene Gump akuwerama, kutsitsa mathalauza ake, ndikuwonetsa Purezidenti Johnson chilonda chakumbuyo kwake. Sanakonde momwe Gump adatchulira mkulu wake, Lt. Dan Taylor, ndi udindo wake komanso dzina lake. Sadayamikirenso zochitika zomwe Lt. Dan akuwoneka akulira atalamulidwa kuti atumize anthu ake ntchito yowopsa. Pamapeto pake, Paramount anakana kugonjera ku Pentagon's censors. Zolemba za Forrest Gump zimatsutsana ndi chikhumbo cha asitikali chofuna kuyeretsa mafilimu kuti athandizire kulemba anthu ndi kusunga. Mosiyana ndi Top Gun, siinatumize anthu omwe angalembetse anthu akuthamangira kumalo olembera anthu.
Ndinkakonda kutsutsa kwa Eileen Jones pa Top Gun: Maverick mu Jacobin. Amafunsa kuti, “Kodi n’kothandiza kusonyeza kuti choyamba Top Mfuti anali chinthu chodabwitsa? Kuti inali gawo logwira ntchito la gulu lankhondo la Ronald Reagan lamisala komanso mfundo zolimbikitsa nkhondo za m'ma 1980?
Eileen Jones akufotokoza za chiwembucho: "Maverick adapuma pantchito ndipo amatumizidwa kusukulu yophunzitsira ya Top Gun ngati mphunzitsi, ntchito yomwe sakufuna ndipo sali woyenerera koma amapambana mwanzeru. Ayenera kuphunzitsa gulu lankhondo lapamwamba kwambiri kuti liwuluke mishoni zosatheka, ndi kuseka mokweza. Ntchitoyi ikukhudza kuukira dziko lopanda dzina, kuphulitsa zida zawo za uranium asanawapatse zida, ndikuwuluka asanawawukire. Koma mbali iliyonse ya ntchitoyo imafuna mtundu wa ngwazi zopanda nzeru, zaluso zauzimu zomwe zimapanga maziko a chifaniziro cha nyenyezi ya Tom Cruise - mufilimuyi yokha, ali ndi gulu laling'ono la Cruise-lings omwe onse ayenera kuchita monga momwe amachitira kuchitanso zozizwitsa.”
Zithunzi zidawomberedwa m'bwalo USS Abraham Lincoln mu Ogasiti 2018 panthawi yophunzitsira gulu lankhondo lankhondo la F-35C Lightning II, (Anayenera kuphatikiza Lockheed). Kupanga kunajambulidwanso ku Naval Air Station Lemoore ku Central California, malo oipitsidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi, ngakhale kuti sitingathenso kuloza zolemba chifukwa zolemba zachilengedwe zochokera ku Lemoore sizikupezekanso pa webusaiti ya NAVFAC. NAVFAC ndiye Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Ndi webusayiti, https://www.navfac.navy.mil/ idachotsedwa makumi masauzande a zolemba zachilengedwe.
Ndidafikira a Sara Gonzalez-Rothi, Senior Director for Water ndi Council on Environmental Quality ku Biden White House, koma sanayankhe. Ndinalumikizananso ndi ofesi ya Rep. Steny Hoyer, koma sizinathandize. Anzake omwe ali ndi ma NGO osiyanasiyana otchuka akhala chete pomwe kontrakitala wa Navy akuti "ndi zitsiru" zomwe zimasunga mawebusayiti ndikuti zomwe zalembedwazo ziwonekeranso pang'onopang'ono.
Zambiri za Lemoore zidapezeka mpaka Lachisanu, Juni 3, 2022, mtundu wa digito wa Kristallnacht. Anazi anawotcha mabuku pamene unyinji unkachitiridwa filimu zabodza monga Triumph of the Will. Anthu aku America amachotsa mwakachetechete masamba awebusayiti kwinaku akuwongolera kupanga mafilimu ngati Top Gun: Maverick.
F/A-18F Super Hornet yolembedwa ndi Boeing Defense, Space & Security, (2022 1st Q Revenues $5.5 biliyoni) ndiye nyenyezi ya kanemayo, pamodzi ndi Cruise, (mafilimu - $ 10.1 biliyoni) Ndegeyo imapeza ndalama zambiri mufilimuyi osati F-35C yapamwamba kwambiri yomangidwa ndi Lockheed Martin. (2022 1st Q Revenue $ 15 Biliyoni) Ndichifukwa chakuti F-35 ndi ndege yokhala ndi mpando umodzi, kotero ochita zisudzo sakanatha kukweramo.
Ngati pali kanema wachitatu wa Top Gun, ofalitsa angafune kuwonetsa F-35 chifukwa imatha kunyamula bomba la nyukiliya la B 61-12, pomwe F/A 18 Super Hornet silingathe. B 61-12 ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kuwirikiza ka 22 kuposa bomba lomwe linawononga Hiroshima. Tangolingalirani chochitika chomaliza cha filimuyo! Okonda mafilimu aku America adzakonda pamene Pentagon ingavomereze kutulutsa mabomba 3,155 pa $ 28 miliyoni iliyonse.
Pachimake, oyendetsa ndege a Top Gun amawulutsa ma Super Hornets anayi kuti awononge malo osungiramo uranium wolimba kwambiri. Ngwazizo zimawulukira kwinaku chiwombankhanga chachikulu chikuphimba filimuyo. Ntchito yakwaniritsidwa!
The Munitions
Ndi bomba lanji lomwe adaponya kuti achite izi ndipo achita chiyani ku chilengedwe? Sitikudziwa, koma 2,000 pounds BLU-109 hard-charge-penetrator, motsogozedwa ndi Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), ndiye woyenera. Dongosolo la zida ikuphatikizidwa pa ndege ya Navy fighter-atttack F/A-18F Super Hornet, mtundu wa Tom Cruise wowuluka. (osati kwenikweni.)
Bomba la 2,000 pounds BLU-109 linapangidwa kuti ligonjetse adani ovuta kwambiri komanso olimba, monga momwe zida zathu zidawonongera. Chidacho chimalowa mkatikati mwa malo olimba, pomwe fusesi yochedwa imawombera mapaundi a 550 a Tritonal yophulika kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti malowa awonongekeratu.
General Dynamics amapanga mabomba. Kampaniyo inali ndi ndalama za 2022 zoyambirira za $ 9.4 Biliyoni, kuposa ndalama zonse zapachaka zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko 50 padziko lapansi.
Zitatu
Tritonal imapangidwa makamaka ndi 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, yotchedwa TNT, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zida zankhondo zaku US. Zimatengera gawo lalikulu la kuipitsidwa kokhudzana ndi zophulika pamalo omwe akugwira ntchito komanso omwe kale anali ankhondo.
TNT imapereka zovuta zosiyanasiyana zaumoyo ndi chilengedwe. Kutulutsa kwamadzi otayira kuchokera kukupanga kwa TNT ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa TNT m'nthaka ndi pansi pamadzi pazida zankhondo (EPA 2005). EPA imawona TNT ngati a n'zotheka carcinogen ya anthu.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zapakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, jaundice, cyanosis, kuyetsemula, chifuwa, zilonda zapakhosi, zotumphukira neuropathy, kupweteka kwa minofu, kuwonongeka kwa impso, ng'ala, dermatitis, leukocytosis, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi kusakhazikika kwamtima (NIOSH 2016) )
Njira zodziwika bwino za TNT ndikumwa madzi oipitsidwa kapena kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi madzi oipitsidwa ndi dothi. Kukumana ndi TNT kumatha kuchitikanso pokoka mpweya, kapena kudya mbewu zomwe zabzalidwa m'nthaka yowonongeka (ATSDR 1995).
Umu ndi momwe European Chemical Agency (ECHA) imafotokozera zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) :
Ngozi! Izi zimakhala zophulika (zoopsa kwambiri kuphulika), zimakhala ndi poizoni ngati zitamezedwa, zimakhala zoopsa pokhudzana ndi khungu, zimakhala zoopsa ngati zitazikoka, zimakhala zoopsa ku zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zokhalitsa ndipo zimatha kuwononga ziwalo chifukwa cha nthawi yaitali kapena mobwerezabwereza.
ECHA akuti mankhwalawa angayambitse khansa, amaganiziridwa kuti amawononga chonde kapena mwana wosabadwa ndipo akuganiziridwa kuti amayambitsa vuto la majini.
Mabomba ophulika omwe timagwiritsa ntchito pophana akutipha tonse pang'onopang'ono. Ndinkhani yayitali yomwe siyikunenedwa. America idaponya mabomba 26,171 mu 2016 yokha, malinga ndi Guardian.
Fallon Naval Air Station, Nevada ndi kwawo kwa Naval Fighter Weapons School, yomwe imadziwika kuti Top Gun. Pansi pake ndi oipitsidwa kwambiri
Top Gun Maverick samalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha Navy. Ukanakhala mwayi wabwino kwambiri.
Ngakhale zolemba zachilengedwe zochokera ku Fallon zidachotsedwa ku Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC) webusaiti, tikudziwa kuchokera ku DOD zomwe zidatulutsidwa kale kuti madzi apansi pa Fallon ndi oopsa.
Kuwonongeka Kwambiri kwa Madzi a Pansi pa Fallon NAS
PFAS ku Fallon
Ku Fallon NAS, zochitika zofala kwambiri zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mbiri ya PFAS itulutsidwe ku chilengedwe mwina ndikugwiritsa ntchito thovu lamadzi lopanga mafilimu (AFFF) poyesa, kuphunzitsa, ndi kuzimitsa moto. Kwa zaka zambiri, Navy ankagwiritsa ntchito dzenje la 25-foot ndi 3 phazi lopanda mzere pofuna kuphunzitsa moto. Chigwacho chinadzaza ndi mafuta a jet ndipo chinayatsa. Kenako idazimitsidwa ndi thovu lomwe linali ndi PFAS. PFAS yapezeka m'madzi apansi panthaka. Sitikudziwa kuipa kwake chifukwa satiuza.
Madera kudutsa m'munsi amatulutsa zotayira zomwe zimachitika panthawi yokonza ndi kutsuka ndege. Madziwo amaphatikizapo zowonongeka zambiri muzitsulo zotsukira, mafuta a lube, hydraulic fluid, mafuta, mafuta oyendetsa ndege, mafuta a jet, methyl ethyl ketone, ndi mowa wa isopropyl. Asitikali apamadzi akuti palibe kukonzanso komwe kumafunikira ndipo dipatimenti ya Nevada yoteteza zachilengedwe ili bwino ndi izi.
Onani NAVFAC yosakwanira kufufuza kwa PFAS ku Fallon, May 2019. Boma la Nevada silinatsutse zolemba zake pa kuipitsidwa kwa Navy.
PFAS ndiyowonjezeranso degreaser, kotero kuchuluka kwa PFAS kumapezeka poyeretsa zida, kuyesa, ndi malo ochapira, zolekanitsa madzi amafuta ndi mapaipi amadzimadzi omwe amathira m'madzi apamwamba komanso/kapena malo opangira madzi oyipa.
Navy amagwiritsa ntchito chromium yovuta kwambiri zokonza pa Top Gun's F/A 18's. Ndi carcinogen Erin Brockovich adatichenjeza. Hex chrome, monga imatchulidwira, imapereka kupewa dzimbiri kofunikira komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutikita ndege. Kutulutsa kochokera ku chromium electroplating ndi ma chromium anodizing mabafa amapezeka mumtambo wabwino kwambiri wopangidwa ndi njirayi. Hexavalent chromium mankhwala awonetsedwa kuti amayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo mwa anthu akakokedwa.
Mafuta ochulukirapo a PFAS amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kupondereza nkhungu. Amawonjezedwa ku plating zitsulo ndikumaliza kusamba kuti asatulutse mpweya wautsi wachitsulo. Malo otayirapo zinyalala kuchokera ku ntchitozi ndi zinyalala ndi zotayira kuchokera kumalo opangira madzi oyipa zili ndi kuchuluka kwa PFAS. Akutipha.
Naval Research Laboratory-Chesapeake Bay Detachment imapereka umboni wowoneka bwino wa kuchuluka kwa PFAS pamalo opangira madzi a Navy.
Red X ikuwonetsa malo opangira madzi otayira ku Chesapeake Bay Detachment ya Naval Research Lab ku Chesapeake Beach, Maryland. Pansi pake ndi kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa mzere woyera wa malire pachithunzi pamwambapa. Miyezo yonse ya PFAS (zophatikiza 3), mumtsinjewo kudumpha kuchokera ku 224.37 ppt kupita ku 1,376 ppt pamene ikudutsa pamalo opangira madzi otayira omwe amalandira madzi oyipa kuchokera kumalo onse oyikapo.
PFAS ku Fallon imasamukira kumtunda kudzera pamvula, ndipo pamapeto pake imatsikira kumadzi apansi. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa madambo, ngalande zonga ngalande, ndi ngalande pafupi ndi madzi amkuntho zitha kuthandizira kuti mayendedwe apamtunda azinthu zokhala ndi PFAS kupitirira malire a mazikowo.
Chithovu chozimitsa moto chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Top Gun Maverick
Chakumapeto kwa filimuyo Maverick ndi Tambala ataya zida zofikira pa F-14 yakale yomwe adawatsogolera kuchokera kwa adani. Ndi nkhani yayitali. Izi zimakhazikitsa malo otsetsereka mwadzidzidzi akakhudza chonyamulira ndege. Maukondewa amaikidwa kuti agwire ndegeyo pamene ikutera kuti isagwe. Oyendetsa sitima amapopera thovu lozimitsa moto pansi pa ndegeyo ngati moto wabuka. Kukhudza kwabwino.
Ofalitsa mabodza amayang'ana chithunzi chilichonse, mawu aliwonse, ndi nyimbo iliyonse. Mfuti Yapamwamba: Maverick anali kanema woyipa, wopanga zoyipa.
