Pa tsiku la 70th la D-Day landings, Brian Williams adatsogolera NBC Nightly News Tiyeni uku: "Pawailesi yathu usikuuno, moni kwa ankhondo omwe awomba magombe kuno ku Normandy…" Ndi malo wamba mdziko lathu la America, liwu loti "ankhondo" kwa omwe ali mgulu lankhondo laku US kapena, monga akunenera mobwerezabwereza, "ankhondo athu ovulazidwa" chifukwa cha iwo omwe avulala mu imodzi mwankhondo zathu zambiri. Nthawi ino, komabe, chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akatswiri owona zankhondo a World War II, nkhondo ya abambo anga, idandiletsa. Kwa mphindi yokha, sindinathe kungoganiza zomwe abambo anga akananena, wina aliyense atamamuyimbira - kapena aliyense wa oyang'anira ndege ku Burma omwe anali "oyang'anira ntchito" - wankhondo. Ngakhale wamwalira tsopano kwazaka makumi atatu, sindikukayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti mwina angaganize zopusa. Pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, asitikali aku America adadziwika kuti ndi "ma boobowow". Mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, amatchedwa (komanso monyadira) kutchedwa "dogface" kapena GI (chifukwa cha "nkhani yaboma") Joes, ndi mawonekedwe awo ankhondo omwe anali nzika akuwonetsedwa m'matumba olimba koma osagona a Willy ndi Joe, Bill Mauldin nthawi yokondeka kwambiri asilikali ojambula miyendo palemba lalitali ku Berlin.
Ndipo zinali zoyenera kwa asirikali wamba, gulu lankhondo. Zinali pansi. Ndi momwe mudalongosolera anthu omwe asiya moyo wandale ndi cholinga chilichonse chobwerera kwa iwo mwachangu momwe angathere, omwe amaganiza kuti asitikali ndi vuto lalikulu munthawi yankhondo komanso nkhondoyi, njira yoyipa koma yofunikira. M'masiku amenewo, ankhondo akanakhala mawu achilendo, monga mumacheza nawo, nkuti, Prussia.
Abambo anga adadzipereka atangowukira Pearl Harbor ndipo sanasokonezeke mpaka nkhondo itatha, koma - ndikukumbukira bwino zaka zotsatira - pomwe anali wonyadira ndi ntchito yawo, adasangalalabe ndi thanzi labwino ku America (kuyika mwaulemu) pazomwe amatcha "gulu lankhondo lanthawi zonse" ndipo George Washington akadatcha "gulu lankhondo." Akadadabwitsidwa ndi njira yankhondo yankhondo yaku America komanso chilengedwe chathu chomwe tikukhalamo pankhani yakuyamika ndikukweza asitikali aku US kuposa anthu ena onse. Akadakhala kuti sizingatheke kuti mkazi wa Purezidenti apite pawayilesi yotchuka pa TV - ndikulankhula za Michelle Obama pa "Nashville”- ndikusakanikirana ndi anthu azopeka kuti ayamikire kanthawi kambiri asitikali aku America ndi ntchito yawo kudziko.
Ku Vietnam, zachidziwikire, mawuwo sanali wankhondo, anali "kukwiya." Kukwezedwa kwa msirikali waku America kupita kutamanda ndi kuphulitsa bomba kunabwera kwambiri kutha kwa gulu lankhondo, makamaka ndi yemwe adapuma pantchito Lieutenant Colonel ndi TomDispatch nthawi zonse William Astore amachitcha kuti Fortress America ayambe kuganizira za zaka zotsatizana ndi 9 / 11 ndi dziko lonse lomwe likulimbana ndi nkhondo yomwe yakhala ikuchitika nthawi zonse.
Ndikadangotenga foni, kuyimbira bambo anga, ndikumva mawu abwino omwe akanakhala nawo paudindo wawo watsopano ngati "wankhondo" waku America, zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri kuchokera ku Normandy. Koma posalephera, patsiku lokumbukira D-Day ndidachita chinthu chotsatira kwambiri ndikuyimbira mzanga wazaka 90, yemwe anali mchombo kuchokera pagombe lodzaza magazi pomwe kulanda kunayamba. Pokumbukira zaka 70 zija modzikuza, adakumbukira kuti zomwe asirikali oyenda pansi pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse adanyansidwa nayo kwambiri anali kuchitira sawatcha kapena kunena "bwana" kwa apolisi. Palibe ankhondo omwe - ndipo samakondanso nthawi yankhondo. Kuyika njira ina, patali pomwe tachokera kupambana kwathu kwakukulu komaliza, komwe kukuyimiridwa ndi zomwe zidachitika pa Juni 6, 1944, chilankhulo chokwera kwambiri chofotokozera, kapena mwina kutsuka, njira yatsopano yankhondo yaku America, cholephera choyera, mungakhale ndi zofanana zochepa. Tom
Amalume Sam Sakukufunani - Ali Nanu Kale
Zomwe Zili ndi Militarised Fortress America
By William J. Astore
Ndinakhala zaka zinayi ku koleji ku Reserve Officers 'Training Corps (ROTC) kenako ndidatumikira zaka 20 ku US Air Force. Kunkhondo, makamaka pamaphunziro oyambira, mulibe chinsinsi. Boma ndi lanu. Ndinu "nkhani yaboma," GI wina, nambala yapa dogtag yomwe ili ndi mtundu wamagazi anu komanso chipembedzo ngati mungafune kuthiridwa magazi kapena kuchita miyambo yomaliza. Mumazolowera. Nsembe imeneyo yachinsinsi payekha komanso kudziyimira pawokha ndiomwe mumalipira polowa usirikali. Heck, ndili ndi ntchito yabwino komanso penshoni, chifukwa chake usandilirire, America.
Koma dzikoli lasintha kwambiri kuyambira pomwe ndidalowa ROTC mu 1981, ndidadindidwa zala, kudindidwa magazi, ndikuponyedwa ndikuwonjezera. (Ndikufunika kuchotsera kuchipatala kwa myopia.) Masiku ano, ku Fortress America, aliyense wa ife, mwanjira ina yake, ali ndi vuto m'boma dziko loyang'anira wapenga.
Mosiyana ndi kulandira positi Amalume Sam sakukufunaninso - ali nanu kale. Mwasankhidwa kuti mukhale boma lachitetezo cha America. Izi zikuwonekera kuchokera Edward Snowden mavumbulutso. Imelo yanu? Ikhoza kuwerengedwa. Mafoni anu? Metadata za iwo akusonkhanitsidwa. Smartphone yanu? Ndi changwiro chipangizo chotsatira ngati boma likufuna kukupezani. Kompyuta yanu? Chosavuta komanso chotsata. Seva yanu? Ndi pautumiki wawo, osati zanu.
Ambiri mwa ophunzira a ku koleji omwe ndaphunzitsa posachedwapa amatenga zoterozo kusowa kwachinsinsi mopepuka. Sadziwa zomwe zasowa m'miyoyo yawo ndipo chifukwa chake musayamikire zomwe ataya kapena, ngati akuda nkhawa nazo, adzilimbikitse ndi malingaliro amatsenga - mawu onga "Ndachita palibe cholakwika, kotero ndilibe chobisa. ” Sadziwa kwenikweni momwe maboma angatengere tanthauzo la "cholakwika".
Tiganizireni tonse omwe tidzalembedwe, mochuluka kapena pang'ono, mu Fortress America yatsopano, dziko lankhondo, lotetezedwa kwambiri. Kubwereka kanema? Bwanji osasankha woyamba Captain America ndipo kumuwona akugonjetsanso Anazi, chikumbutso cha nkhondo yomaliza yomwe tidapambanadi? Kodi mudapita ku paki ya baseball pa Tsiku la Chikumbutso? Kodi angakhale ndani waku America kapena wosalakwa kwambiri? Chifukwa chake ndikukhulupirira kuti simunasamalire onsewa zipewa ndi maunifomu Osewera omwe mumawakonda anali kuvala mndandanda wambiri wa magulu athu ndi asilikali athu.
Tiyeni tikumva kulira kulikonse ma uniformed militalized pamasewera aku America. Kupatula apo, kodi simukudziwa kuti zosangalatsa zenizeni zaku America zaka zapitazi zakhala nkhondo ndi zambiri?
Khalani Woponderezedwa Wabwino
Ganizirani zachinyengo. Nkhondo yaku Vietnam idapanga gulu lankhondo losaweruzika lomwe limawonetsa nzika zosamvera komanso zopanduka. Izi zidatsimikizira kuposa momwe asitikali aku US komanso olamulira athu angatenge. Chifukwa chake Purezidenti Nixon adamaliza kulemba mu 1973 ndipo anapangitsa msirikali wa nzika zaku America kukhala woyenera, lingaliro lomwe lakhalapo kwa zaka mazana awiri, ndizakale. “Ankhondo odzipereka onse,” akatswiri, adalembedwa kapena kukopeka kuti atichitire ntchitoyi. Palibe vuto, palibe mkangano, ndipo zakhala choncho kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Nkhondo yambiri, koma palibe chifukwa chokhala "wankhondo, ”Pokhapokha ngati mutasaina pamzere wa madontho. Ndi njira yatsopano yaku America.
Koma kunapezeka kuti pamakhala kusindikiza kokwanira pamgwirizanowu womwe udamasula anthu aku America kumayendedwe asitikali ankhondo. Chimodzi mwazogulitsika chinali "kuthandizira zabwino" (kapena m'malo mwake "asitikali athu") mosakakamira ndipo ena onse adakhudzidwa kukhala chete, kusunga mtendere wanu, kukhala wankhondo wokondwa mgulu lachitetezo chadziko lonselo, makamaka pakutsata 9 / 11, idakula kwambiri pamtengo wokhometsa msonkho. Kaya mumakonda kapena ayi, mwasankhidwa kuti mutenge nawo mbali, chifukwa chake lembani gulu la omwe adzalembedwe kuti mutenge malo anu oyenera.
Ngati muli olimba mtima, yang'anani kudutsa olimbikitsidwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa Malire omwe timagawana ndi Canada ndi Mexico. (Kumbukirani nthawi yomwe mungadutse malirewo osavutikira, ngakhale pasipoti kapena chiphaso? Ndimatero.) Yang'anirani iwo Drones, kunyumba kuchokera kunkhondo komanso zomwe zikuyenda kale kapena posachedwa kuti zifike mumlengalenga mwanu - makamaka kuti muthane ndi umbanda. Perekani ulemu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwanu asilikali apolisi ndi zida zawo zokha, zawo magulu apadera a SWAT, ndi zawo MRAPs otembenuzidwa (magalimoto osatetezedwa ndi mgodi). Magalimoto amphesa a Iraqi Freedom tsopano ndi zochuluka zankhondo zomwe zaperekedwa kapena kugulitsidwa pamtengo wotsika ku madipatimenti apolisi akomweko. Samalani kuti musunge malamulo awo azandende ngati "ndende"zosokoneza"Kumudzi kapena mzinda wanu, makamaka zidziwitso zazing'ono za malamulo a nkhondo, zonse za chitetezo chanu ndi chitetezo.
Khalani kazembe wabwino ndipo chitani zomwe mwauzidwa. Khalani kutali ndi malo opezeka anthu ambiri mukalamulidwa kutero. Phunzirani kuchitira sawatcha mwanzeru. (Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira zomwe ndidaphunzitsidwa ngati gulu lankhondo.) Ayi, osati sawatcha ya chala chapakati ija, a hippie okalamba. Perekani choyenera kwa omwe ali ndi maudindo. Mukadaphunzira bwino momwe mungachitire.
Kapenanso simukuyenera kutero, popeza kuti tsopano timangodzipangira zokha kuti tichite sawatayi. Nyimbo zobwereza za "Mulungu Dalitsani America" pamasewera. Kuwonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa makanema omwe amalemekeza asitikali. (Magulu Apadera Ogwira Ntchito ndi mutu wankhani m'mitundu yambiri yaku America masiku ano kuyambira Act of Valor ku Wopulumuka WokhaBwanji osayankha kuyitanidwa kwanu mwa kusewera masewera apakanema monga Mayitanidwe antchito? Zowonadi, mukaganiza zankhondo, onetsetsani kuti mumaziona ngati masewera, kanema, masewera.
Kupita ku America
Ndakhala kunja kwa usirikali pafupifupi zaka khumi, komabe ndikumva kukhala wankhondo masiku ano kuposa momwe ndimavalira yunifolomu. Kumverera kumeneku kunabwera kwa ine koyamba mu 2007, panthawi yomwe idatchedwa "Iraqi surge" - kutumiza kwa asitikali enanso aku US aku 30,000 ku quagmire yomwe inali ntchito yathu mdzikolo. Zinandipangitsa Nkhani yoyamba za TomDispatch. Ndinakhumudwa ndimomwe wamkulu wathu wankhondo, George W. Bush, adabisalira kumbuyo kwa chifuwa chachikulu wa wamkulu wawo womusankha, General David Petraeus, kuti ateteze nkhondo yomaliza yoyendetsa bungweli ku Iraq. Zinkawoneka ngati mawonekedwe owoneka ngati otembenuza maubwenzi achikhalidwe achimereka achimereka, ngati purezidenti yemwe wapita kunkhondo. Ndipo zinagwira ntchito. Congress yamantha idapereka modzichepetsa ku "Mfumu David"Petraeus adathamangira kukondwera ndi umboni wake kuti athandizire kuwonjezereka kwa America ku Iraq.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, zakhala zofunikira kuti abwanamkubwa athu azipereka magulu a ndege oyendetsa ndege nthawi iliyonse akamba za "olimbana ndi nkhondo”Monga chisonyezo cha" kuthandizira "kwawo komanso zankhondo yankhondo yachifumu. (Yerekezerani, yesani kulingalira Matthew Brady akujambula chithunzi cha "Abe woona”Mu Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni yofanana ndi jekete lakuthawira!) Tsopano de rigueur kuti aphungu azitamanda asilikali a America monga "the zabwino kwambiri zankhondo mu mbiriyakale ya dziko "kapena, monga Pulezidenti Obama nthawi zambiri ananena kwa Brian Williams wa NBC kuyankhulana kuchokera ku Normandy sabata yatha, "gulu lankhondo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi." Komanso, mwamphamvu kwambiri, asitikali omwewo amakondwerera mdzikolo mofuula kwambiri ngati "ankhondo" olimba ndi obweretsa ufulu, omwe nthawi zonse amakhala abwino kwambiri komanso oyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi - komanso osaphatikizaponso zoyipa zilizonse, monga pakuyipa kwa nkhondo ndi kupha. Mwina ndichifukwa chake ndawonapo ma voti olemba anthu ntchito zankhondo (masewera a masewera apakanema) ku Little League World Series ku Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Popeza kuti ntchito yankhondo ndiyothandiza kwambiri, bwanji osayembekeza zaka 12 zakudzikolo chiyembekezo chodzalowa nawo mgululi?
Ndi anthu ochepa aku America omwe sawona zovuta zilizonse izi, zomwe siziyenera kutidabwitsa. Kupatula apo, adzilemba kale. Ndipo ngati chiyembekezo cha zonsezi chikukukhudzani, simungatenthe ngakhale khadi yanu yosakira motsutsana, ndibwino kuti mupereke moni mwanzeru ndikumvera. Mendulo yamakhalidwe abwino mosakayikira ikubwera posachedwa.
Sizinali choncho nthawi zonse. Ndimakumbukira ndikuyenda m'misewu ya Worcester, Massachusetts, nditavala yunifolomu yanga ya ROTC mu 1981. Zinali zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha nkhondo yaku Vietnam itatha ndikugonjetsedwa komanso makanema omenyera nkhondo Kubwera Kwathu, Deer Hunterndipo Apocalypse Tsopano anali adakali atsopano m'malingaliro a anthu. (Magazi yoyamba ndi Rambo "kugwa-kumbuyo”Nthano sakanatha kubwera kwa chaka china.) Ndinkadziwa kuti anthu samandiyang'ana mwachidwi, koma ndimanyalanyaza mosiyanasiyana yomwe imasakanikirana ndikunyoza. Zinandivutitsa pang'ono, koma ngakhale zinali choncho ndimadziwa kuti kusakhulupirira bwino magulu ankhondo akuluakulu kunali njere zaku America.
Osatinso. Masiku ano, mamembala autumiki, akawoneka atavala yunifolomu, amawombedwa m'manja padziko lonse lapansi komanso mobwerezabwereza monga olimba.
Sindikunena kuti tiyenera kunyoza asitikali athu, koma monga mbiri yathu yatiwonetsera, kusanja pamaso pawo sichizindikiro chaulemu. Talingalirani ngati chizindikiro komanso kuti tonsefe tili vuto laboma tsopano.
Kukhazikitsa Maganizo Opangidwa ndi Militas
Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndikokokomeza, taganizirani buku lakale la wamkulu wankhondo lomwe ndili nalo. Ndi mphesa 1950, yovomerezedwa ndi wamkulu waku America, General George C. Marshall, Jr., yemwe ndi amene amachititsa kuti dziko lathu lipambane pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Zinayamba ndikukumbutsa izi kwa wapolisi yemwe wangopatsidwa kumene ntchito: "[O] kukhala msilikali samasiya chilichonse chofunikira ngati nzika yaku America. Angosayina kumene kuti akamaliza maphunziro omaliza maphunziro awo komwe aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo molingana ndi mzimu wa ufulu. ” Izi sizingakhale zosavuta kuchita, koma cholinga cha bukuli chinali kuwonetsa kusamvana pakati pa asitikali ndi ufulu waumwini zomwe zinali zofunikira kwa gulu lankhondo lakale.
Inakumbutsanso apolisi atsopano kuti anali oyang'anira ufulu waku America, pogwira mawu a kazembe yemwe sanatchulidwe dzina pankhaniyi: "Nzeru zaku America zimayika munthu pamwamba pa boma. Imasokoneza mphamvu zaumwini ndikukakamiza. Amakana kukhalapo kwa amuna ofunikira kwambiri. Limatsimikiziranso kufunika kwa mfundo zachikhalidwe. ”
Mawu amenewo anali mankhwala oletsa kupondereza boma komanso zankhondo - ndipo adakalipobe. Pamodzi tonsefe tiyenera kuchita zonse zomwe tingathe, osati ngati GI Joes ndi Janes, koma ngati Citizen Joes ndi Janes, kuti tiike ufulu waumwini ndi mfundo zoyendetsera dziko patsogolo. Mwa mzimu wa Ronald Reagan, yemwe adanena Mtsogoleri wa Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev kuti "agwetse khoma [la Berlin] ili, kodi si nthawi yoti ayambe kugwetsa malinga a Fortress America ndikuthana ndi malingaliro athu ankhondo? Mibadwo yamtsogolo ya nzika idzatithokoza, ngati tingakhale olimba mtima kutero.
William J. Astore, wapolisi wokhotakhota pantchito (USAF) ndi TomDispatch nthawi zonse, amasintha blog Maganizo Otsutsana.
Tsatani TomDatchPatch pa Twitter ndipo tithandizeni Facebook ndi Tumblr. Onani Dispatch Book yatsopano, ya Rebecca Solnit's Amuna Fotokozani Zinthu Kwa Ine.
Copyright 2014 William J. Astore
