Ndi Nick Turse, TomDispatch
Musaganize fad kuti "kukhetsa chitha" inayamba paulendo wa pampani ndi Donald Trump. Sanatero, ngakhale "chithaphwi" chothiridwa m'masiku omwe zigawenga za 9/11 zidachitika sichinali ku Washington; inali yapadziko lonse lapansi. Inde, imeneyo ndi mbiri yakale, yoposa zaka 15. Yemwe amakumbukiranso mphindi imeneyo, ngakhale tikukhalabe ndi vuto lake - ndi mazana a zikwi afa ndi mamiliyoni a anthu othawa kwawo, ndi Islamophobia ndi ISIS, ndi Pulezidenti Wosankhidwa, atapuma pantchito Lieutenant General Michael Flynn, ndi zambiri Zambiri?
Mukudzuka kosatha kwa imodzi mwankhondo zowopsa kwambiri m'mbiri yaku America, kulanda ndi kulanda Iraq ku 2003, ndizovuta kulingalira dziko lililonse koma lomwe tili nalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tisayiwale zomwe akuluakulu aku Bush oyang'anira amaganiza kuti akwanitsa kuchita ndi "Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse Yachiwopsezo." Ndani akukumbukira tsopano momwe adalowera mwachangu komanso mwachangu pantchito yothetsa mathithi am'magulu azigawenga (kwinaku akutuluka a Taliban Kenako "kuchepetsa”Ulamuliro waku Iraq wa Saddam Hussein)? Cholinga chawo chachikulu: mpungwepungwe waku America ku Greater Middle East (ndipo pambuyo pake amadzinenera kuti ndi wapadziko lonse lapansi Pax Americana). Iwo anali, mwa kuyankhula kwina, olota amatsenga a dongosolo loyamba.
Pafupifupi sabata umodzi pambuyo pa 9 / 11, Mlembi wa Chitetezo Donald Rumsfeld anali kale kulumbirira kuti ntchito yapadziko lonse yomwe ikubwerayo "idzakhetsa dambo lomwe akukhalamo." Patangotha sabata imodzi, pamsonkhano wa NATO, Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz anaumiriza kuti, "pomwe tiziyesera kupeza njoka iliyonse m'dambo, tanthauzo la njirayi ikuthetsa chithaphwi [chokha]." Pofika Juni wotsatira, polankhula koyambirira ku West Point, Purezidenti George W. Bush atero lankhulani ndikudandaula ndi chikhumbo chake cha kayendetsedwe ka kukonzanso dziwe la "maselo oopsa" mu "60 kapena mayiko ena".
Monga Washington ya a Donald Trump, zidawoneka bwino kwambiri m'madambo momwe mungaganizire kukhetsa. Kwa akuluakulu aboma la Bush akuyambitsa nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi pazamawonekedwe akuwoneka ngati njira yabwino yosinthira dziko lathu - ndipo, mwanjira ina, sanali kulakwitsa. Monga zidachitika, komabe, m'malo modumpha madambo ndi kuwukira kwawo ndi ntchito, adalowa umodzi. Nkhondo yawo yolimbana ndi mantha ikanatsimikizira kukhala tsoka losatha, kubala kunalephera kapena mayiko omwe akulephera ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa mkhalidwe wabwino wa chisokonezo ndi ukali umene magulu achi Islam omwe amatsutsana nawo, kuphatikizapo ISIS, amatha kupambana.
Zinasinthanso mawonekedwe ankhondo aku US munjira yomwe anthu ambiri aku America sanakumanepo nayo. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yosatha ija ku Greater Middle East komanso pambuyo pake ku Africa, gulu lachiwiri lachinsinsi lodana modabwitsa likadalimbikitsidwa kulowa mkati mwa asitikali aku US omwe alipo, gulu lomwe likukulabe la Special Operations Command. Ndiwo omwe, mwina mwamaganizidwe, adzakhala okhatira dambo. TomDispatch zonse Nick Turse wakhala akutsatira chitukuko chawo komanso kutumizidwa kwawo mwamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi - kuyambira, monga akunenera lero, mayiko 60 ochititsa chidwi chaka chimodzi mu 2009 kupita kumayiko 138 ochititsa chidwi mu 2016. Ogwira ntchito apaderawa amaphunzitsa ndi kulangiza magulu ankhondo, poyambitsa zigawenga ndikuwombera zigawenga m'malo ambiri apadziko lapansi (kuphatikiza, kutulutsa Osama bin Laden ku Abbottabad, Pakistan, ku 2011). Pochita izi, akhazikitsidwa m'njira zina zambiri, ngakhale magulu azigawenga omwe anali kumenya nkhondo amapitilizabe kufalikira.
Mwina munganene kuti sizinatenthe kwambiri chithaphwi ngati chitha. Masiku ano, pamene tikuyandikira nthawi yatsopano ya Donald Trump, Turse ikupereka lipoti lake laposachedwa kuti lidzakhalepo komanso tsogolo lawo. Tom
Chaka cha Komando
Maofesi Opambana a US akupita ku mayiko a 138, 70% mwa mayiko a dziko lapansi
By Nick TurseIwo amakhoza kupezeka kunja kwa mzinda wa Sirte, Libya, akuthandiza asilikali apamtunda, ndi Mukalla, Yemen, akuthandiza asitikali ochokera ku United Arab Emirates. Ku Saakow, malo akutali akumwera Somalia, adathandizira ma commandos am'deralo kupha mamembala angapo a gulu lachigawenga la al-Shabab. Kuzungulira mizinda ya Jarabulus ndi Al-Rai kumpoto Syria, adayanjana ndi asitikali aku Turkey komanso asitikali aku Syria, komanso kulowetsa gulu lankhondo la Kurdish YPG ndi Syrian Democratic Forces. Kudutsa malire mu Iraq, enanso adalowa nawo nkhondo kuti amasule mzinda wa Mosul. Ndipo mkati Afghanistan, adathandizira ammudzi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, monga momwe alili chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku 2001.
Kwa America, 2016 ikhoza kukhala chaka cha commando. M'magawo angapo am'magawo akumpoto kwa Africa ndi Greater Middle East, asitikali a US Special Operations (SOF) adayambitsa nkhondo yawo yotsika. "Kupambana nkhondoyi, kuphatikiza yolimbana ndi Islamic State, al-Qaeda, ndi madera ena omwe SOF imachita mkangano ndi kusakhazikika, ndizovuta nthawi yomweyo," wamkulu wa US Special Operations Command (SOCOM), General Raymond Thomas, adanena Komiti Yoyang'anira Zomangamanga ya Senate chaka chatha.
Mithunzi ya SOCOM ikulimbana ndi magulu ankhanza monga al-Qaeda ndi Islamic State (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ISIL), mwina, ikhoza kukhala yowonekera kwambiri. Zobisikanso kwambiri ndizochita zake - kuyambira pantchito zodzitchinjiriza komanso kuyeserera mankhwala osokoneza bongo mpaka maphunziro omwe akuwoneka ngati osatha komanso kuwalangiza amisheni - kunja komwe kumadziwika kuti kuli mikangano padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zimachitika mosasangalatsa kwenikweni, kufalitsa nkhani, kapena kuyang'anira mayiko ambiri tsiku lililonse. Kuchokera ku Albania kupita ku Uruguay, Algeria mpaka Uzbekistan, magulu ankhondo apamwamba kwambiri ku America - Navy SEALs ndi Army Green Berets pakati pawo - adatumizidwa kumayiko 138 mu 2016, malinga ndi ziwerengero zomwe zidaperekedwa kwa TomDispatch Wolemba US Special Operations Command. Chiwerengerochi, chimodzi mwamaudindo apamwamba kwambiri a Purezidenti wa Barack Obama, chikuyimira zomwe zakhala zaka zagolide, mu SOF-speak, "imvi zone" - mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za mdima wamdima pakati pa nkhondo ndi mtendere. Chaka chomwe chikubwerachi chikuyenera kuwonetsa ngati nthawi imeneyi ithe ndi a Obama kapena ikupitilizabe motsogozedwa ndi a Donald Trump.
"Zaka zingapo zapitazi, takhala tikuwona zochitika zosiyanasiyana zoopsya zomwe zikuphatikizapo: kuyambika kwa msilikali wamkulu wa China; Korea ya kumpoto yosadziŵika; Russia wotsitsimutsa akuopseza zofuna zathu ku Ulaya ndi Asia; ndi Iran yomwe ikupitiriza kuwonjezera mphamvu zake ku Middle East, kuyambitsa nkhondo ya Sunni-Shia, "General Thomas analemba mwezi watha PRISM, magazini yovomerezeka ya Pentagon's Center for Complex Operations. "Ochita masewerawa amasokoneza malowa pogwiritsa ntchito zigawenga, zigawenga, komanso zigawenga zomwe zimawononga maulamuliro m'maiko onse koma mwamphamvu kwambiri ... Asitikali apadera amapereka kuthekera kosiyanasiyana komanso mayankho pamavuto awa."
Mu 2016, malinga ndi deta yoperekedwa TomDispatch Wolemba SOCOM, US idatumiza oyendetsa ntchito zawo ku China (makamaka Hong Kong), kuphatikiza mayiko khumi ndi m'modzi ozungulira - Taiwan (yomwe China imaganiza kuti ndi chigawo chophwanya), Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, India, Laos, Philippines, South Korea, ndi Japan. Special Operations Command sivomereza kutumiza ma commandos ku Iran, North Korea, kapena Russia, koma imatumiza asitikali kumayiko ambiri omwe amawaimbira.
SOCOM ikufuna kutchula 129 yekha m'mayiko a 138 magulu ake omwe akuyendetsedwa ku 2016. "Pafupifupi magulu onse apadera ogwiritsira ntchito opaleshoni amagawidwa," adatero Ken McGraw TomDispatch. "Ngati kutumizidwa kudziko lina sikunaletsedwe, sitimapereka chidziwitso chokhudza kutumizidwa."
SOCOM satero, kuvomereza kuti atumize asilikali kumalo a nkhondo Somalia, Syriakapena Yemen, ngakhale umboni wodabwitsa wa mayiko apadera a ku United States m'mayiko atatu onse, komanso lipoti la White House, lomwe laperekedwa mwezi watha, kuti zolemba "United States panopa ikugwiritsa ntchito asilikali mu" Somalia, Syria, ndi Yemen, ndipo imanena kuti "mayiko apadera a US apita ku Syria."
Malinga ndi Special Operations Command, 55.29% ya omwe adatumizidwa kutsidya lina ku 2016 adatumizidwa ku Greater Middle East, kutsika kwa 35% kuyambira 2006. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kutumizidwa ku Africa kutsekemera opitilira 1600% - kuchokera 1% yokha yaomwe adatumiza kunja kwa US mu 2006 mpaka 17.26% chaka chatha. Madera awiriwa adatsatiridwa ndi madera omwe European Command (12.67%), Pacific Command (9.19%), Southern Command (4.89%), ndi Northern Command (0.69%), omwe amayang'anira "chitetezo chakunyumba." Patsiku lililonse, ma commandos a 8,000 a Thomas amapezeka m'maiko opitilira 90 padziko lonse lapansi.
The Manhunters
"Maofesi apadera akugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri posonkhanitsa anzeru - anzeru omwe akuthandiza ntchito yolimbana ndi ISIL ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi magulu ankhondo akunja opita ku Syria ndi Iraq," anatiLisa Monaco, wothandizira Purezidenti wachitetezo cha dziko lawo komanso zaumbanda, poyankhula pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wa International Operations Forces Convention chaka chatha. Ntchito zanzeru zoterezi "zimachitika mothandizidwa mwachindunji ndi mishoni yapadera," a SOCOM a Thomas anafotokoza mu 2016. "Kuwonjezeka kwa zida zapadera zanzeru zimaperekedwa kuti zipeze anthu, kuwunikira maukonde a adani, malo omvetsetsa, ndi othandizana nawo."
Zizindikiro zamagetsi kuchokera kwa makompyuta ndi mafoni omwe amaperekedwa ndi alendo akunja kapena analoledwa ndi ma drones oyang'anira ndi ndege zoyang'anira anthu, komanso luntha laumunthu loperekedwa ndi Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), zakhala zofunikira pakulimbana ndi anthu kuti aphe / kulanda mishoni ndi magulu ankhondo apamwamba kwambiri a SOCOM. Mwachitsanzo, a Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) obisika kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, amachita ntchito zotsutsana ndi uchigawenga, kuphatikiza drone akugunda, chiwonongekondipo akupha m'malo ngati Iraq ndi Libya. Chaka chatha, asadasinthanitse lamulo la JSOC ndi la kholo lawo, SOCOM, General Thomas adatchulidwa kuti mamembala a Joint Special Operations Command anali kugwira ntchito "m'maiko onse omwe ISIL ikukhalamo." (Izi mwina onetsani ntchito yapadera ya ops ku Pakistan, dziko lina lomwe siliri pazandanda za 2016 za SOCOM.)
"[W] takhazikitsa Lamulo Lathu Lophatikiza Lapadera kuti lizitsogolera ntchito zakunja kwa ISIL. Ndipo tapezapo zotsatira zofunikira kwambiri pochepetsa kuchepa kwa omenyera nkhondo akunja ndikuchotsa atsogoleri a ISIL kunkhondo, "Secretary of Defense Ash Carter adatchulidwa mu maofesi omwe sanadziwikirepo za machitidwe a JSOC pamsonkhano wa nyuzipepala ya Oktoba.
Mwezi usanayambe, iye anapereka Ndondomeko yowonjezereka mu ndemanga pamaso pa Komiti Yopereka Zomangamanga ya Senate:
"Tikuchotsa mwadongosolo utsogoleri wa ISIL: mgwirizanowu watenga mamembala asanu ndi awiri a ISIL Senior Shura ... Tidachotsanso atsogoleri akulu a ISIL ku Libya ndi Afghanistan ... Ndipo tachotsa pagulu lankhondo kuposa opitilira 20 akunja kwa ISIL ndi okonza ziwembu ... Tapereka gawo ili la kampeni yathu kwa m'modzi mwa [Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo] wowopsa kwambiri, wokhoza, komanso waluso, Joint Special Operations Command, yemwe adathandizira kupereka chilungamo osati kwa Osama Bin Laden yekha, komanso kwa mwamunayo yemwe adayambitsa bungwe lomwe lidakhala ISIL, Abu-Musab al-Zarqawi. ”
Afunsidwa kuti afotokozedwe bwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito "ISIL" opanga mahatchi angapo ndipo angati "atachotsedwa" ku JSOC ku 2016, Ken McGraw wa SOCOM anayankha kuti: "Ife sitidzakhala ndi kanthu kalikonse."
Pomwe anali wamkulu wa JSOC ku 2015, General Thomas adalankhula zakukhumudwitsidwa kwake ndi gulu lake chifukwa cholephera kuchita. "Amandiwuza kuti 'ayi' kuposa 'kupita' pamtengo wa pafupifupi khumi mpaka imodzi tsiku lililonse," adatero anati. Novembala watha, komabe, a Washington Postinanena kuti oyang'anira a Obama anali kupereka gulu logwirira ntchito la JSOC "mphamvu zowonjezerapo, kuwongolera, ndikuwopseza magulu achigawenga padziko lonse lapansi." Gulu Lankhondo Loyeserera (lomwe limadziwikanso kuti "Ex-Ops") "lakonzedwa kuti litenge mtundu wa JSOC ... ndikuwutumiza padziko lonse lapansi kuti utsatire magulu achigawenga omwe akukonzekera ziwopsezo kumadzulo."
SOCOM imatsutsana mbali zina za Post nkhani. "Sikuti SOCOM kapena ena onse omwe ali pansi pake… adapatsidwa mphamvu (maulamuliro)," a Ken McGraw a SOCOM adauza a SOCOM TomDispatch ndi imelo. "Ntchito iliyonse yomwe ikuyenera kuchitika iyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi wamkulu wa GCC [Geographic Combatant Command] [ndipo], ngati pakufunika, avomerezedwe ndi Secretary of Defense kapena [purezidenti]."
"Akuluakulu aku US" (omwe amalankhula pokhapokha kuti adziwike m'njira yosamveka bwino) adalongosola kuti yankho la SOCOM linali lingaliro. Mphamvu zake sizinakulitsidwe posachedwa monga momwe zidakhazikitsidwira ndikulembedwera, TomDispatch adauzidwa. "Kunena zowona, lingaliro lomwe lidapangidwa miyezi ingapo yapitayo linali loti azitsatira zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano, osati kupanga zatsopano." Special Operations Command yakana kutsimikizira izi koma a Colonel Thomas Davis, mneneri winanso wa SOCOM, adati: "Palibe pomwe tidati palibe zolembedwa."
Ndi Ops Ex-Ops, General Thomas ndi "wogwira ntchito potengera zoopsya pansi pa purview's purview," malinga ku ku Washington PostA Thomas Gibbons-Neff ndi a Dan Lamothe. "Ogwira ntchitowa atembenuza Thomas kuti akhale mtsogoleri wawo pankhani yoti atumize mayunitsi apadera atawopsezedwa." Ena Funsani A Thomas akungowonjezera mphamvu, zomwe zimamulola kuti alangize mwachindunji zochita, monga kukankhira chandamale, kwa Secretary of Defense, kulola kufupikitsa nthawi yovomerezeka. (McGraw wa SOCOM akuti a Thomas "sakhala akulamula asitikali kapena kukhala wopanga zisankho ku SOF yomwe ikugwira ntchito mdera lililonse la GCC.")
Mwezi wa November, Secretary of Defense Carter anapereka chisonyezero cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zowonongeka atapita ku Florida ku Hurlburt Field, Likulu ya Lamulo Lapadera Loyendetsa Ndege. Iye adatchulidwa kuti "lero timayang'ana pamphamvu zingapo zamphamvu za Special Operations Force. Uwu ndi mtundu wamomwe timagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kwinakwake padziko lapansi… Ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito yolimbana ndi ISIL yomwe tikupanga lero. ”
Ku Afghanistan, yekha, Machitidwe apadera Anayambitsa zida za 350 zogwira ntchito za al-Qaeda ndi ntchito za boma la Islam, chaka chatha, kuwerengera limodzi tsiku limodzi, ndikugwira kapena kupha pafupifupi "XLUM" "atsogoleri" komanso "mamembala" a 50 a magulu oopsya, malinga kwa General John Nicholson, mtsogoleri wamkulu waku US mdzikolo. Magwero ena nawonso zisonyeza kuti pamene JSOC ndi CIA drones anawombera mofanana nambala yofanana ya mautumiki ku 2016, asilikali adayambitsa nkhondo zoposa 20,000 ku Afghanistan, Yemen, ndi Syria, poyerekeza ndi osachepera khumi ndi awiri a bungweli. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza chisankho cha Obama chotsatira ndondomeko yotengedwa nthawi yaitali kuika JSOC woyang'anira ntchito zoopsa ndikusintha CIA kumbuyo kwa ntchito zake zamaganizo.
World wa Warcraft
"[Ndikofunika] kumvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe SOF idakwera kuchokera pamawu am'munsi ndikuthandizira wosewera mpaka kuyesetsa, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kukuwonetsanso chifukwa chake US ikupitilizabe kukhala ndi zovuta m'makampeni ake aposachedwa - Afghanistan, Iraq, motsutsana ndi ISIS ndi AQ othandizana nawo, Libya, Yemen, ndi zina zambiri komanso pazandale zosadziwika ku Baltics, Poland, ndi Ukraine - zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe US amachita pomenya nkhondo, ” anati Lieutenant General Charles Cleveland wopuma pantchito, wamkulu wa US Army Special Operations Command kuyambira 2012 mpaka 2015 ndipo tsopano ndiupangiri wamkulu kwa wamkulu wa gulu la Army's Strategic Study Group. Akunenetsa kuti, pakati pamavuto akulu akumenyanaku, kuthekera kwa asitikali aku America kuchita ntchito zopha / kulanda ndi kuphunzitsa anzawo ogwirizana kuderali kwatsimikizira kuti ndi kothandiza, adanenanso, "SOF ili bwino kwambiri pomwe magwiridwe antchito achikhalidwe komanso achindunji agwira ntchito. mothandizana wina ndi mnzake. Kupitilira Afghanistan ndi Iraq komanso zoyeserera za CT [zotsutsana ndi uchigawenga] kwina kulikonse, SOF ikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito ndi mayiko omwe akuchita nawo ntchito yolimbana ndi zoopsa komanso zoyeserera ku Asia, Latin America, ndi Africa. ”
SOCOM imavomereza kuti deployments ku pafupifupi 70% ya mayiko a dziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo onse koma mayiko atatu a Central ndi South America (Bolivia, Ecuador, ndi Venezuela kukhala osiyana). Ntchito zake zikugwiranso ntchito Asia, pamene akugwira ntchito pa 60% mwa mayiko a ku Africa.
Kutumizidwa kwa SOF kutsidya kwa nyanja kumatha kukhala kocheperako ngati wogwiritsa ntchito yapadera m'mapulogalamu akumiza chilankhulo kapena gulu la anthu atatu omwe akuchita "kafukufuku" ku kazembe wa US. Mwina sizingagwirizane ndi boma kapena gulu lankhondo. Ambiri mwa Ogwira Ntchito Mwapadera, komabe, amagwira ntchito ndi anzawo wamba, kuchita maphunziro ophunzitsira ndikuchita zomwe asitikali amatcha "kumangirira othandizana nawo" (BPC) ndi "mgwirizano wachitetezo" (SC). Nthawi zambiri, izi zikutanthauza kuti asitikali apamwamba aku America amatumizidwa kumayiko okhala ndi achitetezo omwe amakhala pafupipafupi tanena chifukwa chophwanya ufulu wa anthu ndi US State department. Chaka chatha ku Africa, komwe Special Operations imachita gwiritsani ntchito madongosolo pafupifupi 20 ndi zochitika - kuyambira pa maphunziro mpaka zoyeserera zothandizana ndi chitetezo - izi zidaphatikizapo Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Kenya, mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzaniandipo uganda, pakati pa ena.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 2014, opitilira 4,800 ankhondo atenga nawo gawo mumtundu umodzi wa izi - Kusakaniza kophatikizana kophatikizidwa (JCET) mamishoni - padziko lonse lapansi. Pamtengo wopitilira $ 56 miliyoni, ma Navy SEALs, Army Green Berets, ndi othandizira ena apadera adachita ma JCET 176 m'maiko 87. Kafukufuku wa 2013 RAND Corporation wamagawo omwe akupezeka ndi Africa Command, Pacific Command, ndi Southern Command adapeza "otsika pang'ono" kwa ma JCET m'malo onse atatuwa. RAND 2014 kusanthula Mgwirizano wachitetezo ku US, womwe udawunikiranso zomwe zingachitike pamagulu apadera a Special Operations, adapeza kuti "kulibe mgwirizano pakati pa SC ndi kusintha kwamphamvu m'maiko ku Africa kapena ku Middle East." Ndipo mu lipoti la 2015 la Joint Special Operations University, a Harry Yarger, wamkulu kusukulu, adatchulidwa "BPC yakhala ikugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zambiri zobwerera pang'ono."
Ngakhale zotsatirazi ndi zolephera zazikulu zamakono Iraq, Afghanistanndipo Libya, Zaka za Obama zakhala zaka zagolide kwambiri. Mitundu 138 yochezeredwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito apadera aku US ku 2016, mwachitsanzo, ikuyimira kudumpha kwa 130% kuyambira masiku olowa m'boma la Bush. Ngakhale zikuyimiranso kutsika kwa 6% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha, 2016 ikadali kumtunda kwa zaka za Obama, zomwe zidatumizidwa ku 75 mayiko ku 2010, 120 Mu 2011, 134 mu 2013, ndi 133 mu 2014, musanayambe kuyima 147 mayiko mu 2015. Atafunsidwa za chifukwa chotsika pang'ono, mneneri wa SOCOM a Ken McGraw adayankha, "Tikupereka SOF kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zankhondo yankhondo kuti zithandizire pamachitidwe awo achitetezo achitetezo. Mwachiwonekere, panali mayiko asanu ndi anayi ocheperako [komwe] ma GCC anali ndi lamulo loti SOF igwiritse ntchito mu [Chaka Chachuma 20] 16. ”
Kuwonjezeka kwa kutumizidwa pakati pa 2009 ndi 2016 - kuchokera kumayiko pafupifupi 60 kupitilira kawiri - kukuwonetsa kukwera kofananako kwa ogwira ntchito onse a SOCOM (kuyambira pafupifupi 56,000 mpaka 70,000) komanso mu bajeti yake yoyambira (kuyambira $ 9 biliyoni mpaka $ 11 biliyoni). Si chinsinsi kuti nthawi yogwirira ntchito yakula kwambiri, ngakhale lamuloli lidakana kuyankha mafunso kuchokera TomDispatch pa mutuwo.
"SOF yanyamula katundu wolemetsa pochita mautumiki awa, akuvutika ndi chiwerengero chochulukirapo chazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo ndikukhala ndi nthawi yopambana (OPTEMPO) yomwe yowonjezera ogwira ntchito apadera ndi mabanja awo," amawerenga lipoti la Okutobala 2016 lotulutsidwa ndi CNA yanzeru yaku Virginia. (Ripotilo latuluka pamsonkhano anapezeka ndi asanu ndi amodzi omwe anali oyang'anira ntchito yapadera, omwe kale anali mlembi wothandizira wa chitetezo, ndi ogwira ntchito ambiri apadera ogwira ntchito.)
American Age wa Commando
Mwezi watha, pamaso pa Komiti ya Zigawo Zomenyera Senate, Shawn Brimley, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa ndondomeko zamakono pa antchito a National Security Council ndipo tsopano ali wotsanzilazidindo wamkulu ku Center for New American Security, inanenedwa zomaliza zodandaula za lipoti la CNA. Pakumva za "zovuta zomwe zikubwera zodzitchinjiriza ku US ndikuwopseza padziko lonse lapansi," a Brimley adati "SOF yatumizidwa pamitengo yomwe sinachitikepo, ndikuika mphamvu yayikulu pantchitoyo" ndikupempha oyang'anira a Trump kuti "apange njira yokhazikika yolimbana ndi uchigawenga kwa nthawi yayitali. ” Mu pepala lofalitsidwa mu December, Kristen Hajduk, yemwe kale anali mlangizi wa zochitika zapadera ndi nkhondo zosavomerezeka ku Ofesi ya Wothandizira Mlembi Wachidziwitso pa Ntchito Yapadera ndi Kulimbana Kwambiri Kwambiri ndipo tsopano munthu wina ku Center for Strategic and International Studies, adafuna kuchepa kwa ziwerengero zapadera Zogwira ntchito.
Ngakhale kuti Donald Trump adanena kuti gulu la asilikali a United States lonse ndi "yadutsa"Ndipo wotchedwa pakuwonjezera kukula kwa Asitikali ndi Marines, sananene chilichonse ngati akufuna kuthandizira kukulirakulira kwamphamvu yapadera yama ops. Ndipo pomwe adachita posachedwapa sankhani kale Mphepete mwa Madzi kuti akhale mlembi wake wa m'kati, Trump wapereka zizindikiro zochepa za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ogwira ntchito yapadera omwe akutumikira tsopano.
"Drone akugunda," iye analengeza M'modzi mwamawu omwe sanafotokozere mwatsatanetsatane mautumiki apadera a ops, "tidzakhalabe gawo lamalingaliro athu, koma tifunikanso kupeza zigoli zamtengo wapatali kuti tipeze chidziwitso chofunikira chothanirana ndi mabungwe awo." Posachedwa, pamsonkhano wopambana ku North Carolina, a Trump adanenanso za asitikali apamwamba omwe akhala akuyang'anira. “Asitikali Athu Apadera ku Fort Bragg akhala nsonga ya mkondo pomenyera uchigawenga. Mwambi wamagulu athu apadera ankhondo ndi 'kumasula oponderezedwa,' ndipo ndizomwe akhala akuchita ndipo apitilizabe kuchita. Pakadali pano, asitikali aku Fort Bragg atumizidwa m'maiko 90 padziko lonse lapansi, ”adatero adanena khamu la anthu.
Atawoneka ngati akuwonetsa kuti akuthandizira mautumiki apadera a ops opondereza, a Trump akuwoneka kuti asintha, ndikuwonjezera kuti, "Sitikufuna kukhala ndi gulu lankhondo lomwe latha chifukwa tili paliponse pomwe tikulimbana madera omwe sitimayenera kulimbana nawo ... Njira zowonongekazi komanso chisokonezo ziyenera kutha, anthu, zithe. " Nthawi yomweyo, komabe, adalonjeza kuti US "igonjetsa magulu achigawenga posachedwa." Kuti akwaniritse izi, a Lieutenant General Michael Flynn, omwe kale anali wamkulu waukadaulo wa JSOC omwe Purezidenti wosankhidwa adamupatsa kuti akhale mlangizi wawo wachitetezo cha dziko, walonjeza kuti oyang'anira atsopanowa awunikiranso mphamvu zankhondo pomenya nkhondo ndi Islamic State - zomwe zitha kupereka ufulu wambiri popanga zisankho pankhondo. Kuti izi zitheke, Wall Street Journal malipoti kuti Pentagon ikupanga zofuna kuchepetsa "White House kuyang'anitsitsa zosankha zogwira ntchito" pamene "akusunthira ulamuliro wina ku Pentagon."
Mwezi watha, Purezidenti Obama adapita ku MacDill Air Force Base ku Florida, kwawo kwa Special Operations Command, kuti akapereke mawu ake olimbana ndi uchigawenga. "Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito, sipanakhalepo tsiku lomwe gulu lazachigawenga kapena munthu wina wotsutsa sanakonzekere kupha anthu aku America," adatero. adanena khamu yodzaza ndi magulu ankhondo. Nthawi yomweyo, sipanakhale tsiku lomwe magulu apamwamba kwambiri omwe anali kuwalamulira sanatumizidwe m'maiko 60 kapena kupitilira apo padziko lonse lapansi.
"Ndikhala purezidenti woyamba wa United States kuti ndikhale m'ndende kawiri munthawi yankhondo," adaonjeza a Obama. “Ma demokalase sayenera kugwira ntchito yankhondo yovomerezeka kwamuyaya. Izi sizabwino kwa asitikali athu, sizabwino demokalase yathu. " Zotsatira za utsogoleri wake wankhondo wosakhalitsa zakhumudwitsa, malinga kupita ku Special Operation Command. Pa mikangano isanu ndi itatu yomwe idachitika mzaka za Obama, malinga ndi zomwe zidachitika mu 2015 kuchokera kuofesi yazamalamulo, mbiri yaku America idapambana zero, kutayika kawiri, ndi kulumikizana sikisi.
Boma la Obama linatsimikizira kuti ndilo "zaka za commando. ” Komabe, magulu ankhondo a Special Operations akhala akuchita zinthu modekha, akumenya nkhondo mkati ndi kunja kwa madera ovomerezeka, kuphunzitsa othandizira anzawo, kuwalangiza ma proxies azikhalidwe, kugogoda zitseko, ndikupha anthu, magulu achigawenga inafikira kudutsa Kuposa Middle East ndi Africa.
Pulezidenti wosankhidwa Donald Trump akuwonekera wokonzeka kutero kuwononga zambiri za Obama cholowa, kuchokera kwa purezidenti signature lamulo lachipatala kwa ake malamulo a chilengedwe, mosasinthasintha kutembenuza njira yokhudza ndondomeko yachilendo, kuphatikizapo kuyanjana ndi China, Iran, Israelndipo Russia. Kaya azimvera upangiri kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa kutumizidwa kwa SOF pakadali pano kuti tiwone. Chaka chomwe chikubwera, komabe, chidzapereka chidziwitso chokhudza ngati nkhondo yayitali ya Obama mumithunzi, m'badwo wagolide waku imvi, upulumuka.
