Ndi David Swanson
Wophunzira aliyense wamtendere, wamisala, kapena kupulumuka, munthu aliyense yemwe ali ndi chidwi ndi kuthekera kwa United States kupanga nkhondo zake zamakono nkhondo zisanu ndi ziwiri zomaliza, wokhulupirira aliyense mu kufunika kwa nzeru ndi mawu olembedwa ayenera kutenga buku la Lawrence Rosendwald's 768- kusonkhanitsa masamba, Nkhondo Yopanda: Zaka mazana atatu za American Antiwar ndi Peace Writing.
Mukuyang'ana njira zosinthira Pentagon yomwe $ 600 biliyoni pachaka sangagule? Kodi mumadziwa kuti a Benjamin Rush sanangosaina Chidziwitso cha Ufulu yekha komanso adanenanso kuti mawu awa apachikidwa pakhomo la Dipatimenti Yankhondo ya US:
“1. Ofesi yophera mitundu ya anthu.
“2. Ofesi Yopanga Masiye ndi Ana Amasiye.
"3. Ofesi yopanga mafupa osweka.
"4. Ofesi yopangira miyendo yamatabwa.
“5. Ofesi yopangira zoyipa zapagulu komanso zachinsinsi.
“6. Ofesi yopangira ngongole zaboma.
"7. Ofesi yopanga ongoyerekeza, Ogwira ntchito zamasheya, ndi Osokoneza Bank.
"8. Ofesi yoyambitsa njala.
"9. Ofesi yopangira matenda a miliri.
"10. Ofesi yoyambitsa umphawi, ndikuwononga ufulu, ndi chisangalalo cha dziko. "
Kodi mumadziwa kuti panali gulu losagwirizana ndi nkhondo kunkhondo Buku la Mormon? Kapena kuti Henry David Thoreau kalekale anapereka chithunzithunzi cholondola kwambiri cha apanyanja aku US kuposa momwe zidawonekera pawailesi yakanema kapena kanema waku Hollywood/CIA?
“Chotulukapo chofala ndi chachibadwidwe cha ulemu wosayenerera kaamba ka lamulo ndicho, kuti uwone fayilo ya asilikali, msilikali, kapitawo, akapolo, anthu wamba, anyani, ndi onse, akuguba mwadongosolo lochititsa chidwi pamapiri ndi mapiri kupita kunkhondo; motsutsana ndi zofuna zawo, ay, motsutsana ndi nzeru zawo wamba ndi chikumbumtima chawo, chomwe chimawapangitsa kuyenda motsetsereka, ndipo kumatulutsa kugunda kwa mtima. Sakukayikira kuti ndi bizinesi yowononga yomwe akukhudzidwa nayo; onse akonda mtendere. Tsopano, iwo ndi chiyani? Amuna konse? kapena mabwalo ang’onoang’ono osunthika ndi magazini, pautumiki wa munthu wina waulamuliro wopanda khalidwe? Pitani ku Navy-Yard, ndipo taonani m'madzi, munthu wotero ngati boma la America akhoza kupanga, kapena monga momwe angapangire munthu ndi zaluso zake zakuda, - mthunzi chabe ndi kukumbukira umunthu, munthu woikidwa wamoyo ndi kuyimirira. , ndipo kale, monga wina anganene, anakwiriridwa m'manja ndi maliro. . . .”
Mukuyang'ana ndakatulo zolimbikitsa? Onani Obadiah Ethelbert Baker, Herman Melville, Edna St. Vincent Milllay, June Jordan, ndi ena ambiri. Melville analemba kuti:
"Za adani akufa osakanikirana pamenepo -
"Anthu am'mawa, koma abwenzi madzulo -
"Kutchuka kapena dziko osasamalira:
“(Monga chipolopolo chinganyenge bwanji!)”
Kodi mukudziwa mbiri ya anthu okana kulowa usilikali chifukwa cha zimene amakhulupirira, kuyambira kalekale mpaka pano? Nayi zolemba za Cyrus Pringle, kukana kupha Union mu 1860s:
“Apolisi aŵiri posakhalitsa anandiitana, nanditengera pambali pang’ono, nandiuza kuti ndigone chagada, ndi kutambasula miyendo yanga m’mbali zingwe zomangirira m’makono ndi m’mapazi anga, ndipo izi pazipiko zinayi zokhomeredwa pansi pang’ono ndi pang’ono. X. Ndinali chete m’maganizo mwanga pamene ndinagona pansi [wonyowa] ndi mvula yatsiku lapitalo, nditatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa dzuŵa, ndipo ndinali kuvutika kwambiri ndi zingwe zomanga m’manja mwanga ndi kukanika minyewa yanga.”
Kodi mukudziwa nkhani yeniyeni ya Tsiku la Amayi?
“Dzukani, akazi nonse a mitima ya anthu, kapena ubatizo wanu wa madzi, kapena wa misozi; Nenani molimba mtima: Sitidzakhala ndi mafunso akuluakulu osankhidwa ndi mabungwe osayenera. Amuna athu sangabwere kwa ife, akunjenjemera ndi chiwembu, chifukwa cha kusisita ndi kuwomba m'manja. Ana athu sadzachotsedwa kwa ife kuti aphunzire zonse zomwe takwanitsa kuwaphunzitsa zachifundo, chifundo, ndi kuleza mtima.
Ndi zolemba zomwe zidapangitsa Palibenso Nkhondo, osati mawu oimira miyoyo ya olemba. Kuphatikizidwa ndi olemba ambiri omwe adalimbikitsa kwambiri kuposa kupanga mtendere m'miyoyo yawo. Komabe, tiyenera kuphunzira pa mawu awo anzeru.
Zolankhula za Paul Goodman ku National Security Industrial Association ndi chitsanzo kwa mlangizi aliyense wachitetezo padziko lonse lapansi:
“. . . ntchito yabwino kwambiri yomwe anthu mungagwire ndikungodzipatula mwachangu. . . .”
Mukuyang'ana malingaliro omwe nthawi yake inali isanakwane koma mwina tsopano yafika? Nanga bwanji kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko onse oletsa usilikali?
Nkhondo yoipitsitsa kwambiri m'mbiri, yomwe imadziwika kuti "nkhondo yabwino," imalandira chidwi chochuluka m'gululi, kuphatikizapo kukana kwa Robert Lowell kulembedwa pakati pawo, kutsatira migodi ya madamu, ndi "kuwononga Hamburg. , kumene akuti anthu 200,000 omwe sanali omenya nkhondo anafa, pambuyo pa zigawenga zapaulendo zapamtunda zapadziko lonse.” Zinanso ndi zomwe Jeanette Rankin adanena za chifukwa chake adavotera nkhondo ku Japan, ndi malingaliro a Nicholson Baker pa nzeru za omenyera nkhondo omwe anayesa kuthetsa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndikupulumutsa ozunzidwa m'misasa ya Nazi.
“Palibe aliyense waulamuliro ku Britain ndi United States amene analabadira malangizo ameneŵa. Anthony Eden, mlembi wa mayiko akunja ku Britain, yemwe anapatsidwa ntchito ndi Churchill yoyankha mafunso okhudza anthu othawa kwawo, sanalankhule mopanda chisoni ndi mmodzi mwa nthumwi zofunika kwambiri, ponena kuti zoyesayesa zilizonse zaukazembe kuti Ayuda amasulidwe kwa Hitler zinali 'zosatheka modabwitsa.' Paulendo wopita ku United States, Edeni anauza Cordell Hull, mlembi wa boma, kuti vuto lenileni la kupempha Hitler kwa Ayuda linali lakuti 'Hitler angatitengere pa chilichonse chotere, ndipo kulibe zombo zokwanira. ndi zoyendera zapadziko lapansi kuzisamalira.' Churchill anavomera. 'Ngakhale titapeza chilolezo chochotsa Ayuda onse,' analemba motero poyankha kalata ina yochonderera, 'kuyenda kokhako kumapereka vuto limene lingakhale lovuta kulithetsa.' Zosakwanira ndi zoyendera? Zaka ziwiri m’mbuyomo, asilikali a ku Britain anasamutsa amuna pafupifupi 340,000 m’magombe a Dunkirk m’masiku asanu ndi anayi okha. US Air Force inali ndi zikwi zambiri za ndege zatsopano. Ngakhale panthawi yachigwirizano chachifupi, mabungwe a Allies akanatha kunyamula ndi kutumiza othawa kwawo ochuluka kwambiri kuchokera ku Germany. "
Mukuyang'ana kuyankha kosangalatsa kwa mafunso ongoganizira zachiwawa ndi nthawi ya bomba, omwe akuwopseza omwe akuzunzidwa mosalekeza, ndipo mungatani ngati wina aukira agogo anu? Werengani "Mukanatani Ngati?" ndi Joan Baez.
Mukuda nkhawa kuti chifukwa chiyani adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi imfa ya Daniel Berrigan? Werengani zolemba zake.
Zosonkhanitsazi zikuphatikizapo kulemba moganizira kwambiri za mphamvu ndi zofooka za kusachita zachiwawa. Mulinso mabuku olemera ochokera kundende komanso okhudza ndende - zambiri m'malingaliro anga. Zitha kupitanso patali kwambiri kuti ziphatikizepo ndemanga zochokera kwa olemba ovomereza nkhondo omwe ali ndi mikangano ndi nkhondo zina. Zilinso ndi zokambirana zazitali zotsutsana za kugwiritsa ntchito ziwawa momwe mudzapeza kuti mukudikirira mpaka kalekale kuti wotsutsa wankhanza ayambe kuimba mlandu. Zimaphatikizapo zolankhula za Barack Obama, chifukwa cha godsake, momwe amatsutsa, zochokera zabodza zabodza, zankhondo, zankhondo yapachiweniweni yaku US, Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, pankhondo ya Afghanistan, ndi ma WMD aku Iraq, ngakhale akutsutsana ndi zomwe zingabwere. kukhala chizindikiro cha utsogoleri wake: "nkhondo zosayankhula."
Nkhondo zaposachedwa sizibwera m'buku. Bukhuli siliyang'ana pa nkhani ya mabodza omwe timauzidwa za nkhondo, ndi zolinga zenizeni ndi zotsatira za nkhondo zimenezo. Kuyang'ana kwambiri kupita kundende, kumapereka zochepa kwambiri pamaphunziro ndi mitundu ina ya zionetsero, ndipo palibe chilichonse pakuwona world beyond war, dziko la ukazembe, thandizo, ndi malamulo. Kagawo kakang'ono kokha ka Barbara Ehrenreich kakukhudza kupanga gulu latsopano lothetseratu nkhondo.
Komabe, ndichifukwa cha chuma chomwe chidaphatikizidwa m'bukuli chomwe ndikukhumba kuti chikadakhalapo. Tiyenera kupanga gulu lalikulu, koma sitiyenera kuchita tokha. Tingakhale opusa kusatengera nzeru zosonkhanitsidwazi.
