Ngongole: Ashitakka
Wolemba Lawrence S. Wittner, World BEYOND War, October 10, 2022
Nkhondo ya ku Ukraine imatipatsa mwayi winanso woganizira zimene zingachitike pa nkhondo zimene zikupitirizabe kuwononga dziko.
Nkhondo yamakono ya ku Russia ndi yoopsa kwambiri, yomwe ili ndi nkhondo yaikulu ya dziko laling'ono, lofooka, ziwopsezo za nkhondo ya nyukiliya, upandu wankhondo wofala, ndi mfumu kuwonjezera. Koma, tsoka, nkhondo yoopsayi ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la mbiri ya nkhondo zachiwawa zomwe zakhala zaka zikwi zambiri za kukhalapo kwa anthu.
Kodi palibenso njira ina yothetsera khalidwe lachikale ndi lowononga kwambiri limeneli?
Njira ina, yomwe maboma akhala akuikonda kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiyo kulimbikitsa gulu lankhondo la dzikolo mpaka kufika poteteza zimene ochirikiza ake amati “Mtendere mwa Mphamvu.” Koma ndondomekoyi ili ndi malire aakulu. Kumanga gulu lankhondo ndi dziko limodzi kumawonedwa ndi mayiko ena ngati chiwopsezo ku chitetezo chawo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iwo kaŵirikaŵiri amalabadira chiwopsezocho mwa kulimbikitsa magulu awo ankhondo ndi kupanga mapangano ankhondo. Zikatere, mantha amakula kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amayambitsa nkhondo.
Ndithudi maboma sali olakwa kotheratu ponena za kawonedwe kawo ka ngozi, pakuti maiko okhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu zankhondo amaponderezadi ndi kuukira maiko ofooka. Komanso, amamenyana nkhondo. Mfundo zomvetsa chisonizi sizimasonyezedwa kokha ndi kuukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine, komanso ndi khalidwe lapitalo la “maulamuliro aakulu” ena, kuphatikizapo Spain, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, China, ndi United States.
Mphamvu zankhondo zikanabweretsa mtendere, nkhondo sibwenzi ikupitirira kwa zaka mazana ambiri kapena, kunena kwake, ikupitirira lerolino.
Mfundo ina yopeŵa nkhondo imene maboma atembenukirako nthaŵi zina ndiyo kudzipatula, kapena, monga momwe oichirikiza nthaŵi zina amanenera, “kusamalirira zaumwini.” Nthawi zina, kudzipatula kumapangitsa kuti dziko likhale lopanda zowopsa za nkhondo yomenyedwa ndi mayiko ena. Koma, ndithudi, sichimalepheretsa nkhondoyi—nkhondo yomwe, modabwitsa, ikhoza kuwononga dzikolo. Komanso, ndithudi, ngati nkhondo ipambanidwa ndi mphamvu, mphamvu zowonjezera kapena wina wodzikuza chifukwa cha kupambana kwake kwankhondo, dziko lakutali likhoza kukhala lotsatira pa ndondomeko ya wopambana. Mwanjira iyi, chitetezo chachifupi chimagulidwa pamtengo wachitetezo chanthawi yayitali komanso kugonjetsa.
Mwamwayi, pali njira ina yachitatu-yomwe akatswiri oganiza bwino komanso, nthawi zina, maboma amitundu amalimbikitsa. Ndipo izi zimalimbitsa ulamuliro wapadziko lonse lapansi. Ubwino waukulu waulamuliro wapadziko lonse lapansi ndikulowa m'malo mwa chipwirikiti chapadziko lonse lapansi ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti, m'malo mwa dziko limene dziko lililonse limayang'ana zofuna zake zokhazokha-ndipo motero, mosakayika, amatha mpikisano ndipo, pamapeto pake, mikangano ndi mayiko ena - padzakhala dziko lopangidwa mozungulira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, wotsogolera. ndi boma losankhidwa ndi anthu a mitundu yonse. Ngati izi zikumveka ngati United Nations, ndichifukwa chakuti, mu 1945, chakumapeto kwa nkhondo yowononga kwambiri m’mbiri ya anthu, gulu la padziko lonse linalengedwa ndi chinthu chonga chimenecho m’maganizo.
Mosiyana ndi “mtendere kudzera mu mphamvu” ndi kudzipatula, oweruza akadali kunja pankhani ya phindu la United Nations panjira imeneyi. Inde, yakwanitsa kukoka mayiko a dziko lapansi kuti akambirane nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga mapangano ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, komanso kuletsa kapena kuthetsa mikangano yambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida za UN zoteteza mtendere kuti zilekanitse magulu omwe akuchita ziwawa. Zalimbikitsanso kuchitapo kanthu padziko lonse lapansi pazachilungamo, kusungitsa chilengedwe, thanzi lapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso kupita patsogolo kwachuma. Kumbali ina, bungwe la United Nations silinagwire ntchito monga momwe liyenera kukhalira, makamaka pankhani yolimbikitsa kutsitsa zida ndi kuthetsa nkhondo. Kaŵirikaŵiri, bungwe la padziko lonse limangokhala mawu osungulumwa a kuganiza bwino padziko lonse lapansi m’dziko lolamuliridwa ndi mayiko amphamvu, oyambitsa nkhondo.
Mawu omveka bwino ndi akuti, ngati tikufuna chitukuko cha dziko lamtendere, bungwe la United Nations liyenera kulimbikitsidwa.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri zomwe zingatengedwe ndikusintha UN Security Council. Momwe zinthu zilili tsopano, aliyense mwa mamembala ake asanu okhazikika (United States, China, Russia, Britain, ndi France) atha kuvotera UN kuti achitepo kanthu pamtendere. Ndipo nthawi zambiri izi ndi zomwe amachita, zomwe zimapangitsa Russia, mwachitsanzo, kuletsa zochita za Security Council kuti athetse kuwukira kwawo ku Ukraine. Sizingakhale zomveka kusiya zovotera, kapena kusintha mamembala okhazikika, kapena kukhala membala wozungulira, kapena kungochotsa Bungwe la Chitetezo ndikupereka ntchito zamtendere ku UN General Assembly-bungwe lomwe, mosiyana ndi Security Council, akuimira pafupifupi mayiko onse a padziko lapansi?
Njira zina zolimbikitsira bungwe la United Nations sizovuta kuzilingalira. Bungwe la padziko lonse likhoza kupatsidwa mphamvu zokhometsa msonkho, motero kulimasula ku kufunikira kwa mayiko opemphapempha kuti alipirire ndalama zake. Zitha kukhala zademokalase ndi nyumba yamalamulo yapadziko lonse yoyimira anthu osati maboma awo. Zitha kulimbikitsidwa ndi zida zopitilira kupanga malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi kuti akwaniritse. Ponseponse, bungwe la United Nations likhoza kusinthidwa kuchoka ku chitaganya chofooka cha mayiko omwe alipo tsopano kukhala mgwirizano wogwirizana kwambiri wa mayiko - chitaganya chomwe chingathane ndi nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi pomwe mayiko amakumana ndi zovuta zawozawo.
Polimbana ndi zaka masauzande ambiri za nkhondo zakupha komanso ngozi yomwe ikuchitika nthawi zonse ya chiwonongeko cha nyukiliya, kodi sinafike nthawi yoti tithetse chipwirikiti cha mayiko ndikupanga dziko lolamulidwa?
Dr. Lawrence Wittner, ogwirizanitsidwa ndi PeaceVoice, ndi pulofesa wa mbiri yakale ku SUNY / Albany ndi mlembi wa Kulimbana ndi Bomba (Stanford University Press).
