Monga zalembedwera m'buku la Douglas Blackmon, Ukapolo Ndi Dzina Lina: Kubwezeretsanso Anthu a Black Black ku Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe ku Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ukapolo ku US South kwenikweni kunatha kwa zaka 20 m'malo ena pomaliza nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku US. Ndipo kenako idabwereranso, munjira ina yosiyana, kufalikira, kuwongolera, kudziwika pagulu ndi kuvomerezedwa - mpaka nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. M'malo mwake, m'njira zina, zikadalipo mpaka pano. Koma sizikukhalabe lero mwamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zalepheretsa kuyenda kwa ufulu wachibadwidwe kwazaka pafupifupi zana. Zilipo lero m'njira zomwe tili omasuka kutsutsa ndikutsutsa, ndipo timalephera kutero kungodzichititsa manyazi.
M'mayesero omwe adalengezedwa kwambiri ndi omwe amakhala ndi akapolo ku 1903 - mayesero omwe sanachititse chilichonse kuti athetse mchitidwe wofalawu - Wotsatsa wa Montgomery Mkonzi: "Kukhululuka ndimakhalidwe achikhristu ndipo kuiwala nthawi zambiri kumakhala mpumulo, koma enafe sitingakhululukire kapena kuyiwala zopitilira muyeso zoyipa komanso zankhanza zomwe zimachitika kumwera konse kwa South ndi ma negroes ndi anzawo oyera, omwe ambiri mwa iwo anali akuluakulu aboma, amene anthu athu analibe mphamvu pa zochita zawo. ”
Umenewu unali udindo wovomerezeka pagulu ku Alabama mu 1903: ukapolo uyenera kulekerera chifukwa cha zoyipa zomwe kumpoto zidachita pankhondo komanso munthawi yotsatira. Ndikofunika kudziwa ngati ukapolo ukadatha msanga zikadatha popanda nkhondo. Kunena kuti, sichoncho, kunena kuti zenizeni United States isanachitike nkhondo inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe idaliri, eni akapolo anali okonzeka kugulitsa, kapena kuti mbali iliyonse inali yotseguka yankho losakhala lachiwawa. Koma mayiko ambiri omwe adathetsa ukapolo adachita izi popanda nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Ena adazichita momwe Washington, DC, idachita, kudzera pachipulumutso.
Akadakhala kuti United States idathetsa ukapolo popanda nkhondo komanso popanda kugawanika, pakadakhala kuti, malo osiyana ndi achiwawa pang'ono. Koma kupitirira izi, zikadapeweratu mkwiyo wowawa womwe udakalipobe mpaka pano. Kuthetsa kusankhana mitundu kukadakhala kotalika, osasamala. Koma ikhoza kukhala kuti idapatsidwa mutu poyambirira m'malo momangirira mkono umodzi kumbuyo kwathu. Kukana kwathu mwamakani kuzindikira kuti nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku US ndi cholepheretsa ufulu m'malo mwanjira yomwe ikupita, imatipatsa mwayi kuti tiwononge malo monga Iraq kenako ndikudabwa ndi nthawi yomwe chidani chake chidayamba.
Nkhondo zimazunzidwa kumene kwazaka zambiri zitatha, ngakhale bomba lonse limodzi litatengedwa. Ingoyesani kulingalira za zifukwa zomwe zikadapangidwira kuwukira kwa Israeli pa Apalestina nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanachitike.
Dziko la kumpoto kwa America likadaloleza South kuti igawane, kutha kubwerera kwa "akapolo othawa," ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyankhulirana ndi zachuma kulimbikitsa South kuti athetse ukapolo, zikuwoneka zomveka kuganiza kuti ukapolo ukadakhala kumwera chakumapeto kwa 1865, koma sizingakhale mpaka 1945. Kunena izi ndi, kamodzinso, osaganizira kuti zidachitikadi, kapena kuti kunalibe anthu akumpoto omwe amafuna kuti zichitike komanso omwe samasamala za tsogolo la akapolo aku Africa aku America. Kungoyenera kukhazikitsa bwino kutetezera kwachikhalidwe cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni monga kupha anthu masauzande mazana mbali zonse kuti akwaniritse ukapolo wabwino. Ukapolo sunathe.
Kudera lonse la Kummwera, machitidwe ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale opanda tanthauzo, monga "kuyendayenda," adayambitsa chiwopsezo chomangidwa kwa munthu wakuda aliyense. Akamangidwa, munthu wakuda amapatsidwa ngongole yoti azilipira zaka zovuta kwambiri. Njira zodzitetezera kuti asaikidwe mgulu la ndende zozunzirako anthu ndi kudziika m'ngongole komanso kutetezedwa ndi mzungu. Lamulo Lachisanu ndi chiwiri limapereka ukapolo kwa omangidwa, ndipo palibe lamulo loletsa ukapolo mpaka zaka za m'ma 13. Zomwe zimafunikira pakunamizira kuti ndizovomerezeka zinali zofanana ndi pempho lamasiku ano.
Sikuti ukapolo sunathe. Kwa masauzande ambiri kudakulaku kwambiri. Mwiniwake wa antchito a antebellum nthawi zambiri anali ndi chidwi chachuma kuti asunge munthu wamkaziyo akhale wamoyo komanso wathanzi kuti agwire ntchito. Mgodi kapena mbewa yomwe idagula ntchito za mazana a osamangidwa alibe chidwi ndi zomwe akuyembekezerazo kupitilira nyengo yawo. M'malo mwake, maboma am'deralo amatha kusinthana ndi yemwe wamwalira ndi wina, kotero palibe chifukwa chachuma choti asamawagwiritse ntchito mpaka kufa. Chiwopsezo cha kuphedwa kwa omwe adatsitsidwa ku Alabama anali okwera kwambiri ngati 45 peresenti pachaka. Ena omwe adafera m'migodi adaponyedwa mu uvuni wambiri m'malo mopita kukawayika.
Anthu omwe anali akapolo ku America "kutha kwa ukapolo" atagulidwa ndikugulitsidwa, atamangidwa maunyolo ndi khosi usiku, kumenyedwa mpaka kufa, kukwiriridwa m'madzi, ndikuphedwa mwakufuna kwa eni ake, monga US Steel Corporation yomwe idagula migodi pafupi ndi Birmingham komwe mibadwo mwa anthu "omasuka" anagwiriridwa pansi mpaka kufa.
Kuopseza kwa chiwembucho kudali pamunthu wakuda aliyense osapilira, komanso chiwopsezo cha kuphedwa komwe kudakulirakulira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20 limodzi ndi zifukwa zabodza zasayansi zatsankho. "Mulungu adasankha mzungu wakummwera kuti aphunzitse maphunziro a Aryan," watero mnzake wa Woodrow Wilson a Thomas Dixon, wolemba bukuli ndikusewera Clansman, zomwe zidakhala filimuyo Kubadwa kwa Mtundu.
Patatha masiku asanu kuukira kwa Japan ku Pearl Harbor, boma la US lidaganiza zoukira ukapolo mopepuka, kuthana ndi kutsutsidwa komwe kungachitike ku Germany kapena Japan.
Zaka zisanu itatha nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, a gulu la chipani cha Nazi, ena mwa omwe adagwirapo ntchito m'mapanga ku Germany, adakhazikitsa malo ogulitsira ku Alabama kuti agwire ntchito yopanga zida zatsopano zakufa ndi kuyenda kwa malo. Adapeza anthu aku Alabama akukhululuka kwambiri pazomwe adachita kale.
Ntchito yandende akupitiriza ku United States. Kumangidwa kwakukulu akupitiriza ngati chida choponderezera mafuko. Ntchito zaukapolo za akapolo akupitiriza komanso. Momwemonso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chindapusa ndi ngongole kupanga otsutsa. Ndipo, zoona, makampani omwe amalumbira kuti sadzachita zomwe kale zidachita, amapindula ndi akapolo ogwira ntchito kumadera akutali.
Koma chomwe chinathetsa ukapolo ku United States moyenera sichinali kupha anthu ambiri kunkhondo yapachiweniweni. Anali gulu lophunzitsira komanso lodana ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe zaka zana pambuyo pake.
