Msilikali wa ku United States ndi Poizoni Germany

Ndi Pat Elder, February 1, 2019

Germany ikukumana ndi mavuto azaumoyo ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe atha kumwa madzi akumwa atadetsedwa ndi Per and Poly Fluoroalkyl Substances, kapena PFAS.

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kumeneku chimachokera ku mafilimu omwe amapanga chithovu (AFFF) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa moto pamayendedwe ankhondo a US. Pambuyo poyatsa moto, ndikuwotcha moto wambiri poizoni wa PFAS, mabungwe a ku America amalola kuti poizoni alowe m'madzi kuti asokoneze midzi yoyandikana nayo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito madzi omwe ali pansi pamitsinje yawo komanso m'madzi.  

Malinga ndi Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA), kuwonetsedwa ku PFAS "kumatha kubweretsa zovuta m'thupi, kuphatikiza kukula kwa fetus panthawi yapakati kapena kuyamwitsa ana (mwachitsanzo, kuchepa pobereka, kutha msinkhu msanga, kusiyanasiyana kwa mafupa), khansa (mwachitsanzo. , testicular, impso), zotsatira za chiwindi (mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa minofu), zoteteza thupi (mwachitsanzo, kupanga ma antibody ndi chitetezo chamthupi), zotupa ndi zotulukapo zina (mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa cholesterol). ” PFAS imathandizanso piritsi, ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha umuna mwa amuna.

Zinsinsi Zomwe zida za nkhondo za nkhondo zapita ku Magazini ya ku Germany Volksfreund mu 2014 adawonetsa kuti madzi apansi panthaka ku Ramstein Airbase anali ndi 264 ug / L kapena magawo 264,000 pa trilioni (ppt.) ya PFAS. Zitsanzo zina ku Ramstein zinali amasonyeza kuti ali ndi 156.5 ug / l kapenaXXUMUMP ppt. Pulogalamu yowunika madzi ya boma la Rhineland-Palatinate pafupi ndi Spangdahlem Air Base inapeza PFAS pa zizindikiro za 1.935 ug / l kapena 1,935 ppt. Ndondomeko yamakono ku Spangdahlem ikufalikirabe mankhwalawa.

Asayansi a Harvard amanena Matenda a Octane Sulfonate (PFOS) ndi Perfluoro Octanoic Acid (PFOA), Mitundu iwiri yoopsa kwambiri ya PFAS, iyenera kukhala yovulaza thanzi laumunthu pazochitika za 1 gawo la trillion (ppt)  mu madzi akumwa. Madziwe oyendetsa nsomba, mitsinje ndi mitsinje kuzungulira mabwalo am'mlengalenga ku Germany ali oipitsidwa mobwerezabwereza kuposa momwe ayenera kukhalira mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za EU.

Mankhwala oposa 3,000 oopsa a PFAS apangidwa.

Zimapindulitsa kudziyerekezera ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi pansi pa Germany ndi izi Lipoti la DOD pa PFAS kuphulika pa zankhondo za US. Monga mabungwe ambiri a ku America ku America, Ramstein ndi Spangdahlem ali oipitsidwa kwambiri.

Asilikali a ku United States sakhala ndi udindo ndipo amakana kulipira chifukwa choyeretsa vutoli. Akuluakulu a nkhondo, Andrew Wiesen, Mtsogoleri wa DOD wa Preventive Medicine ku Ofesi ya Zaumoyo, akuti chinyengo ndi udindo wa EPA. "Sitikuchita kafukufuku wapadera m'dera lino," adatero Marine Corps Times. "EPA ikuyang'anira izi," adatero. "DoD siyimayang'anitsitsa pazimenezi ndipo siili ndi" kufufuza kwina pa izi, zokhudza zotsatira za thanzi la PFOS / PFOA, monga momwe ndikudziwira. "

Pentagon imalipira pafupifupi $ 100 miliyoni pa ndege iliyonse yatsopano yomenyera ndege ndipo makina okwera mtengo amatha kutenga moto. Ziphuphu ndi pulogalamu yamtundu wa fluoroalkyl ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera moto zomwe zingasokoneze chimodzi mwa zida izi. Msilikali wa ku United States adziwa mankhwala awa ndi owononga kuyambira 1974 koma iwo atha kuzibisa izo, mochuluka kwambiri, mpaka pano.

PFOS & PFOA amadziwika kuti "mankhwala osatha" chifukwa samanyoza chilengedwe. Nthambi zankhondo zikufuna kusintha zida zina zoopsa pang'ono zozimitsira moto, koma akadali poizoni.

Kuti apereke fanizo, Wurtsmith, Michigan Airbase inatsekedwa mu 1993 pomwe mitsinje ndi madzi pansi khalani wakupha. Chakumapeto kwa 2018, akuluakulu a zaumoyo ku Michigan anapereka uphungu wa 'Musadye' wothandizira atatenga makilomita asanu kuchokera kumtunda wakale. Zakhala zaka 26 ndipo zakumwa zakumwa zakumwa zimayipabebe.

Mankhwalawa salamuliridwa ndi EPA. Ena amati izi ndi chifukwa cha ntchito zawo za usilikali. M'malo mwake, EPA imapanga malingaliro kuti azinena ndi mabungwe a madzi okhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. EPA yokhudzana ndi Eternal Life Advisory (LHA) ya mankhwala onsewa ndi 70 ppt, chiwerengero cha sayansi ya zachilengedwe chimanena kuti n'chokwanira.

US Agency for Toxic Substances and Registry Registry (ATSDR) yakhazikitsa madzi akumwa nthawi zonse a 11 ppt ya PFOA ndi 7 ppt ya PFOS.  Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa chake mayiko angapo adasiya kuyembekezera EPA ya EPA kuti achitepo kanthu ndipo posachedwapa aika malire otsika kuti ateteze thanzi labwino.

Pakalipano, Germany yakhazikitsa "mtengo wapatali wotsogoleredwa" wa PFOA + PFOS pa 300 ppt. European Union yakhazikitsa lamulo la madzi akumwa pamagulu a 100 ppt. kwa PFAS's ndi 500 ppt. chifukwa cha PFAS.  Onani tsatanetsatane wa malamulo a PFOS / PFAS ku US ndi Europe.

Chithunzi cha Ramstein pamwambapa chikuwonetsa hangar ya ndege kudzaza ndi thovu lamoto. US Air Force Command ku Ramstein, adalongosola, "Tidali ndi malita pafupifupi 4,500 amadzi omwe amatuluka pamphindi m'matangi 40,000 pamphindi." Nkhaniyi inati, "Hangar idapangidwa kuti ichepetse kuwonongeka kwa madzi kudzera pachitsulo chosungiramo madzi chomwe chimatulutsa madzi ndikutulutsidwa mchimbudzi moyenera ndikuwongoleredwa ndi malo osungira zimbudzi ku Landstuhl." 

Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuipitsidwa kumeneku ndi chakuti zida za US zokhudzana ndi kutentha moto ku Milungu B (mil-F-24385) amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa bwino.

Kuwononga kwa PFAS sikungokhala kwa Ramstein ndi Spangdahlem.

Ku Bitburg, madzi pansi adawonetsedwa kuti ali ndi PFAS pamasamba a 108,000 ppt. Monga Wurtsmith, asilikali a US adachoka ku Airbase Bitburg ku 1994, koma kusinthidwa kwa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe sikungathe kutha. Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'mabwalo oyambirira a ndege a NATO Hahn, ndege ya Büchel ndi ndege za ndege za Sembach ndi Zweibrücken.

Malinga ndi Volksfreund, mtsinje pafupi ndi Bitburg uli ndi 7700 nthawi zambiri PFAS kuposa momwe EU ikuyendera. Günther Schneider, mlimi komanso woyang'anira zachilengedwe kuchokera ku Binsfeld, ali ndi zithunzi zakale zomwe zikusonyeza momwe mtsinje umene umadutsa mu Binsfeld umawoneka ngati riboni yoyera.

Umboni wosonyeza kuti chithovu sichikupezeka ku Germany, koma ku America, ndi zambiri.

Mphepete mwazitsamba zochiritsira m'madzi oyendetsa ndege za Spangdahlem ndi Bitburg ndi zowonongeka kwambiri sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'minda. M'malo mwake, Ajeremani amawotchera, ndipo zimachititsa kuti zisokonezeko zachilengedwe.

Günther Schneider akudandaula kuti PFAS ikhale yoletsedwa komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera. Pakalipano, dziko la Germany likudzuka pang'onopang'ono kuvuto lalikulu la chilengedwe. Iwo akufunsa ngati asilikali a US apangidwa pansi pa malamulo apadziko lonse kuti azitsatira miyezo yoyenera.