Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, February 12, 2023
David Swanson ndiye wolemba buku latsopanoli Chiphunzitso cha Monroe pa 200 ndi Chomwe Mungasinthire nacho.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 20, dziko la United States linamenya nkhondo zochepa kwambiri ku North America, koma nkhondo zambiri ku South ndi Central America. Lingaliro lopeka loti gulu lankhondo lalikulu limaletsa nkhondo, m'malo moziyambitsa, nthawi zambiri limayang'ana kumbuyo kwa Theodore Roosevelt akunena kuti United States imalankhula mofatsa koma kunyamula ndodo yayikulu - zomwe Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Roosevelt adazitchula ngati mwambi waku Africa polankhula mu 1901. , masiku anayi Pulezidenti William McKinley asanaphedwe, kupanga pulezidenti wa Roosevelt.
Ngakhale zingakhale zosangalatsa kulingalira Roosevelt akuletsa nkhondo poopseza ndi ndodo yake, zoona zake n'zakuti adagwiritsa ntchito asilikali a US ku Panama mu 1901, Colombia ku 1902, Honduras ku 1903, Dominican Republic ku 1903, Syria. mu 1903, Abyssinia mu 1903, Panama mu 1903, Dominican Republic mu 1904, Morocco mu 1904, Panama mu 1904, Korea mu 1904, Cuba mu 1906, Honduras mu 1907, ndi Philippines pa nthawi yonse ya utsogoleri wake.
Zaka za m'ma 1920 ndi 1930 zimakumbukiridwa m'mbiri ya US ngati nthawi yamtendere, kapena ngati nthawi yotopetsa kwambiri yomwe sitingakumbukire konse. Koma boma la US ndi mabungwe aku US anali kudya Central America. United Fruit ndi makampani ena aku US adapeza malo awoawo, njanji zawo, makalata awoawo, matelefoni ndi matelefoni, komanso andale awo. Eduardo Galeano anati: “Ku Honduras, nyulu imadula ndalama zambiri kuposa wachiwiri wake, ndipo ku Central America akazembe a ku United States amatsogolera kwambiri kuposa ma pulezidenti.” United Fruit Company idapanga madoko akeake, miyambo yawo, ndi apolisi ake. Dola inakhala ndalama yakomweko. Pamene sitiraka inayambika ku Colombia, apolisi anapha antchito a nthochi, monga momwe zigawenga za boma zimachitira makampani a US ku Colombia kwazaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Pofika nthawi yomwe Hoover anali purezidenti, ngati si kale, boma la US linali litagwira kuti anthu a ku Latin America amamvetsa kuti mawu akuti "Monroe Doctrine" amatanthauza ufumu wa Yankee. Hoover adalengeza kuti Chiphunzitso cha Monroe sichinavomereze kulowererapo kwankhondo. Hoover kenako Franklin Roosevelt adachotsa asitikali aku US ku Central America mpaka adatsalira ku Canal Zone. FDR idati ikhala ndi mfundo za "oyandikana nawo wabwino".
Pofika m’ma 1950 dziko la United States silinali kudzinenera kukhala mnansi wabwino, mofanana ndi bwana wa utumiki wa chitetezo-kutsutsa-chikominisi. Pambuyo popanga chiwembu ku Iran mu 1953, US idatembenukira ku Latin America. Pamsonkhano wa khumi wa Pan-America ku Caracas mu 1954, Mlembi wa boma John Foster Dulles anachirikiza Chiphunzitso cha Monroe ndipo ananena zabodza kuti chikominisi cha Soviet chinali choopseza ku Guatemala. Chiwembu chinatsatira. Ndipo zigawenga zinanso zinatsatira.
Chiphunzitso chimodzi chomwe adatsogola kwambiri ndi oyang'anira a Bill Clinton mzaka za m'ma 1990 chinali "malonda aulere" - chaulere pokhapokha ngati simukuganizira za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ufulu wa ogwira ntchito, kapena kudziyimira pawokha kuchokera kumakampani akuluakulu akumayiko osiyanasiyana. United States inkafuna, ndipo mwina ikufunabe, mgwirizano umodzi waukulu wamalonda waulere kwa mayiko onse ku America kupatula Cuba ndipo mwina ena omwe adadziwika kuti asachotsedwe. Zomwe zidapeza mu 1994 zinali NAFTA, Pangano la Ufulu wa Zamalonda ku North America, lomangirira United States, Canada, ndi Mexico kuti zikwaniritse. Izi zidzatsatiridwa mu 2004 ndi CAFTA-DR, Central America - Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement pakati pa United States, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, ndi Nicaragua, zomwe zidzatsatiridwa ndi mapangano ena ambiri. ndi kuyesa mapangano, kuphatikiza TPP, Trans-Pacific Partnership kwa mayiko omwe ali m'malire a Pacific, kuphatikiza ku Latin America; mpaka pano TPP yagonjetsedwa ndi kusakondedwa kwake mkati mwa United States. George W. Bush anapereka lingaliro la Free Trade Area of the Americas pa Summit of the Americas mu 2005, ndipo adawona kuti likugonjetsedwa ndi Venezuela, Argentina, ndi Brazil.
NAFTA ndi ana ake abweretsa phindu lalikulu kumakampani akuluakulu, kuphatikiza mabungwe aku US akusuntha zopanga kupita ku Mexico ndi Central America posaka malipiro ochepa, ufulu wochepera wapantchito, komanso kufooka kwa chilengedwe. Apanga mgwirizano wamalonda, koma osati ubale kapena chikhalidwe.
Ku Honduras masiku ano, "malo ogwirira ntchito ndi chitukuko cha zachuma" omwe sakondedwa kwambiri amasungidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kwa US komanso ndi mabungwe a US omwe akutsutsa boma la Honduras pansi pa CAFTA. Zotsatira zake ndi mtundu watsopano wa filibustering kapena republic ya nthochi, momwe mphamvu yayikulu imakhala ndi opindula, boma la US makamaka koma momveka bwino limachirikiza kubedwa, ndipo ozunzidwa amakhala osawoneka komanso osaganiziridwa - kapena akawonekera kumalire a US. akuimbidwa mlandu. Monga oyambitsa ziphunzitso zododometsa, mabungwe omwe amalamulira "madera" aku Honduras, kunja kwa malamulo a Honduran, amatha kukhazikitsa malamulo oyenera kuti apindule nawo - phindu lochulukirapo kotero kuti amatha kulipira mosavuta akasinja oganiza aku US kuti afalitse zifukwa ngati demokalase. pazomwe zili zotsutsana ndi demokalase.
David Swanson ndiye wolemba buku latsopanoli Chiphunzitso cha Monroe pa 200 ndi Chomwe Mungasinthire nacho.
