Red Scare

Ndi Alice Slater, Mu News News, April 3, 2022

NEW YORK (IDN) - Mu 1954 ndidapita ku Queens College zaka zingapo Senator a Joseph McCarthy asanakumane ndi zomwe adakumana nazo pamilandu ya Army-McCarthy atazunza anthu aku America kwa zaka zambiri powaneneza achikominisi osakhulupirika, akugwedeza mindandanda ya nzika zosasankhidwa, kuwopseza miyoyo yawo, ntchito zawo, kuthekera kwawo kugwira ntchito m’chitaganya chifukwa cha mbali zawo zandale.

Tili m’chipinda chodyera ku koleji, tinali kukambirana za ndale pamene wophunzira wina anandipatsa kabuku kachikasu m’manja mwanga. "Apa muyenera kuwerenga izi." Ndinayang'ana mutuwo. Mtima wanga unagunda kwambiri pamene ndinawona mawu akuti “Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha America.” Ndinaliyika mofulumira m’chikwama changa chosatsegula, ndinakwera basi kupita kunyumba, ndinakwera chikepe kupita kunsanjika ya 8, ndinayenda molunjika m’chowotcha, ndipo ndinaponyera kabukuko pansi pa chute, osaŵerengeka, ndisanaloŵe m’nyumba yanga. Ine ndithudi sindinali pafupi kuti ndigwidwe mwachisawawa. Mantha ofiira anali atandifika.

Ndinali ndi chithunzithunzi changa choyamba cha "mbali ina ya nkhani" ya chikominisi mu 1968, ndikukhala ku Massapequa, Long Island, mayi wapakhomo wakumidzi, ndikuwonera Walter Cronkite akufotokoza za nkhondo ya Vietnam. Anayendetsa filimu yakale ya nkhani ya Ho Chi Minh yocheperako, yachinyamata ndi Woodrow Wilson mu 1919, kumapeto kwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, kufunafuna thandizo la US kuti athetse nkhanza zachitsamunda za ku France ku Vietnam. Cronkite adanenanso momwe Ho adatengeranso Constitution ya Vietnamese yathu. Wilson anamukana ndipo a Soviet anali okondwa kuthandiza. Umu ndi momwe Vietnam idayendera Chikomyunizimu. Patapita zaka, ndinaonera filimuyo Indochine, sewero la nkhanza zachifalansa za ukapolo wa anthu a ku Vietnam m’minda ya labala.

Pambuyo pake tsiku lomwelo, nkhani zamadzulo zimasonyeza gulu la ophunzira ku Columbia likuchita zipolowe pa sukulu, kutsekereza Dean wa yunivesite mu ofesi yake, kufuula mawu odana ndi nkhondo ndi kutukwana pa bizinesi ya Columbia ndi kugwirizana kwa maphunziro ku Pentagon. Sanafune kuloŵetsedwa m’nkhondo yachisembwere ya Vietnam! Ndinachita mantha. Zingatheke bwanji kuti chipwirikiti ndi kusokonekera uku kukuchitika pomwepa pa Yunivesite ya Columbia ku New York City?

Uku kunali kutha kwa dziko langa momwe ndimadziwira! Ndinali nditangokwanitsa zaka makumi atatu ndipo ophunzira anali ndi mawu akuti, “Osakhulupirira aliyense wazaka zopitilira makumi atatu”. Ndinatembenukira kwa mwamuna wanga, “Ndi chiyani nkhani ndi ana awa? Kodi iwo sakudziwa kuti izi ziri America? Kodi sadziwa kuti tili ndi a ndondomeko ya ndale? Kulibwino ndichitepo kanthu pankhaniyi! Usiku wotsatira, gulu la Democratic Club linali ndi mtsutso pa Sukulu Yapamwamba ya Massapequa pakati pa akalulu ndi nkhunda pa nkhondo ya Vietnam. Ndinapita kumsonkhanowo, nditadzazidwa ndi chitsimikiziro cholungama ponena za kaimidwe ka chisembwere komwe tinali nako ndi kugwirizana ndi nkhunda kumene tinalinganiza ndawala ya Eugene McCarthy ya ku Long Island ya kusankhidwa kwa pulezidenti wa Democratic kuthetsa nkhondo.

McCarthy adataya chisankho chake cha 1968 ku Chicago ndipo tidapanga New Democratic Coalition m'dziko lonselo-kuyenda khomo ndi khomo popanda phindu la intaneti ndipo adapambana chisankho cha 1972 Democratic kwa George McGovern mu kampeni yomwe idadabwitsa kukhazikitsidwa! Ili linali phunziro langa loyamba lowawa ponena za kukondera kwa ma TV omwe amatsutsana ndi gulu lodana ndi nkhondo. Sanalembepo chilichonse chokhudza pulogalamu ya McGovern yothetsa nkhondo, ufulu wa amayi, ufulu wa gay, ufulu wachibadwidwe. Adamuvutitsa posankha Senator Thomas Eagleton kukhala Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti, yemwe m'mbuyomu adagonekedwa m'chipatala chifukwa cha kupsinjika maganizo. Pomalizira pake adayenera kumusintha pa tikiti ndi Sargent Shriver. Anangopambana Massachusetts ndi Washington, DC. Zitatha izi, mabwana a Democratic Party adapanga gulu lonse la "oyimira-akuluakulu" kuti azitha kuwongolera omwe angapambane chisankho ndikuletsa chigonjetso chodabwitsa chamtunduwu kuti chisachitikenso!

Mu 1989, pokhala loya ana anga atakula, ndinadzipereka ndi Lawyers Alliance for Nuclear Arms Control ndikupita ku Soviet Union, pamodzi ndi nthumwi za New York Professional Roundtable. Inali nthawi yovuta kwambiri kukaona ku Russia. Gorbachev anali atangoyamba kumene kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yake yatsopano ya peristroika ndi glasnost-kumanganso ndi kumasuka. Anthu a ku Russia anali kulamulidwa ndi boma la chikomyunizimu kuyesa demokalase. Zikwangwani zinapachikidwa m’masitolo ndi zitseko chokwera ndi chotsika m’misewu ya Moscow zolengeza za demokalase—demokarase- kulimbikitsa anthu kuvota.

Nthumwi zathu ku New York zinayendera magazini, Novasty—Choonadi—pomwe olemba adafotokoza kuti pansi perestroika, posachedwapa anavota kuti asankhe akonzi awo. Pafakitale ina ya mathirakitala ku Sversk, makilomita 40 kuchokera ku Moscow, nthumwi zathu m’chipinda chamsonkhano cha fakitale inafunsidwa ngati tifuna kuyamba ndi mafunso kapena kumva nkhani. Titakweza manja athu kuvota, anthu a m’tauniyo amene analipo anayamba kunong’onezana ndi kunena kuti “Democracy! Demokalase”! Maso anga anadzaza ndi misozi chifukwa cha kudabwa ndikudabwa kuti kuwonetsa kwathu manja mwachisawawa kunayambitsa anthu omwe akukhala nawo ku Russia.

Masomphenya opweteka, owopsa a manda a anthu ambiri, manda osazindikirika ku Leningrad akundivutitsabe. Kuzinga kwa Hitler ku Leningrad kunaphetsa anthu pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi ku Russia. M’makwalala aliwonse zinkaoneka kuti malamulo a chikumbutso ankalemekeza mbali ina ya anthu a ku Russia okwana 27 miliyoni amene anafa pa chiwembu cha Nazi. Amuna ochuluka kwambiri kuposa sikisite. amene ndinadutsa m’makwalala a ku Moscow ndi Leningrad, anali atakometsedwa m’zifuwa zawo ndi mendulo zankhondo zochokera kunkhondo imene Arasha ankaitcha kuti Nkhondo Yaikulu. Ndi kumenyedwa kotani nanga kumene iwo anatenga kuchokera kwa chipani cha Nazi—ndipo mbali yodziŵika bwanji imene ikuchitabe m’chikhalidwe chawo lerolino pamene chipwirikiti chomvetsa chisoni cha ku Ukraine chikuchitika.

Panthawi ina, wonditsogolera anandifunsa kuti, “N’chifukwa chiyani anthu aku America simumatikhulupirira?” “N’chifukwa chiyani sitikukhulupirirani?” Ndinati, “Nanga bwanji Hungary? Nanga bwanji Czechoslovakia?” Anandiyang’ana momvetsa chisoni kuti, “Koma tinayenera kuteteza malire athu ku Germany!” Ndinayang'ana m'maso ake abuluu ndikumva kuwona mtima m'mawu ake. Panthaŵiyo, ndinadzimva kukhala woperekedwa ndi boma langa ndi zaka za chiwopsezo chosalekeza cha chiwopsezo cha chikomyunizimu. Anthu a ku Russia anali odziteteza pamene ankamanga mphamvu zawo zankhondo. Iwo anagwiritsira ntchito Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu monga chotetezera ku kubwerezabwereza kulikonse kwa chiwonongeko cha nkhondo chimene anakumana nacho m’manja mwa Germany. Ngakhale Napoleon adalowa ku Moscow m'zaka za zana lapitalo!

Zikuwonekeratu kuti tikupanga chifuniro choipa ndi chidani kachiwiri ndi kuwonjezereka kosaoneka bwino kwa NATO, ngakhale kuti Regan adalonjeza Gorbachev kuti sichidzakulitsa "inchi imodzi kummawa" kwa Germany, ndikusunga zida za nyukiliya m'mayiko asanu a NATO, ndikuyika. zida zoponya ku Romania ndi Poland, ndikusewera masewera ankhondo, kuphatikiza masewera ankhondo yanyukiliya, kumalire a Russia. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kukana kwathu kukana kukhala membala wa NATO ku Ukraine kwakumana ndi ziwawa zomwe zikuchitika komanso kuwukira kwa Russia.

Sizinatchulidwepo pakuwukira kosalekeza kwa a Putin ndi Russia kuti nthawi ina, Putin, atataya mtima kuti adzatha kuyimitsa kukula kwa NATO kummawa, adafunsa Clinton ngati Russia ingagwirizane ndi NATO. Koma adakanidwa monganso malingaliro ena aku Russia ku US kuti akambirane za kuthetsa zida za nyukiliya chifukwa chosiya kuyika zida za nyukiliya ku Romania, kubwerera ku Pangano la ABM ndi Pangano la INF, kuletsa cyberwar, ndikukambirana mgwirizano. kuletsa zida mumlengalenga.

M'katuni ya Matt Wuerker Amalume Sam ali pabedi la akatswiri amisala atagwira mwamantha mwamantha kunena kuti, "Sindikumvetsa - ndili ndi zida zanyukiliya 1800, zombo zankhondo 283, ndege 940. Ndimawononga ndalama zambiri pazankhondo zanga kuposa mayiko 12 otsatirawa ataphatikizidwa. N’chifukwa chiyani ndimadziona kuti ndine wosatetezeka?” Katswiri wa zamaganizo akuyankha kuti: “N’zosavuta. Muli ndi gulu lankhondo ndi mafakitale!"

Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi yotani? Dziko lapansi likuyenera kuyitanitsa anthu amisala!! 

Itanitsani Kukhazikitsa Mtendere Padziko Lonse

DZIWANI ZOTI DZICHEPETSE PADZIKO LONSE LAPANSI NDIPONSO KUKHALA KWAMBIRI pakupanga zida zatsopano zilizonse—osatinso chipolopolo chimodzi—kuphatikizapo makamaka zida za nyukiliya, zichite dzimbiri mwamtendere!

KULIMBITSA zida zonse zopangira zida zankhondo, zida za nyukiliya, ndi mafuta achilengedwe, momwe mayiko adakonzekera WWII ndikuyimitsa zida zambiri zapakhomo kupanga zida ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo kupulumutsa dziko lapansi ku chiwonongeko chanyengo;

KHAZANI pulogalamu yapadziko lonse yazaka zitatu zakuwonongeka kwa makina oyendera mphepo, ma solar, ma turbines a hydro, geothermal, magwiridwe antchito, mphamvu ya haidrojeni yobiriwira, yokhala ndi ntchito mamiliyoni mazana ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuphimba dziko lonse lapansi pamagetsi adzuwa, makina oyendera mphepo, makina opangira madzi, magetsi opangira magetsi. zomera;

DZIWANI PHUNZIRO LAPADZIKO LONSE laulimi wokhazikika—bzalani mitengo ina mamiliyoni ambiri, ikani minda ya padenga pa nyumba iliyonse komanso m’misewu iliyonse;

ONSE AMAGWIRA NTCHITO PAMODZI PADZIKO LONSE kuti apulumutse Amayi Padziko Lapansi kunkhondo yanyukiliya komanso kuwonongeka kwa nyengo!

Wolembayo akutumikira pa Mabodi a World Beyond War, Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space. Iyenso ndi woimira UN NGO wa bungweli Nuclear Age Peace Foundation.