Kulimbikira kwa Pinkerism

Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, November 12, 2021

Ndine wamkulu mokwanira kukumbukira pamene simunathe kuchita zochitika zokhudzana ndi nkhondo ndi mtendere popanda kufunsidwa mafunso ambiri omveka komanso osamveka okhudza 9/11 (iliyonse imatsagana ndi mulu wa ma DVD ndi mapepala operekedwa kwa inu ngati vumbulutso lochokera kumwamba). Panali nthawi yayitali yomwe mungadalire funso losapeŵeka la "mafuta apamwamba". Ndakhala ndikuzungulira mokwanira kuti ndidziwe kuti simungathe kuyankhula ndi anthu okonda mtendere popanda funso lokhudza kulenga Dipatimenti Yamtendere, kapena kwa anthu omwe sali amtendere popanda funso lokhudza nkhondo zabwino zothandizira anthu otsutsana ndi akunja opanda nzeru omwe angathe. Kukambitsirana, kapena kwa gulu lirilonse ku United States ndi mayiko ena opanda “Nanga Hitler? zipinda ndi zakale kwambiri, zoyera, ndi zapakati. Sindimadandaula kwambiri ndi mafunso omwe angayembekezere. Amandilola kuwongolera mayankho anga, kuyeseza kuleza mtima kwanga, ndikuyamikirira mafunso osadziwikiratu akabwera. Koma, Mulungu wanga, ngati anthu sasiya ndi Pinkerism yosalamulirika ndikhoza kungozula tsitsi langa lonse.

“Koma nkhondo siitha? Steven Pinker adatsimikizira izi. "

Ayi. Iye sanatero. Ndipo izo sizikanakhoza. Nkhondo siyingawuke kapena kungochoka yokha. Anthu akuyenera kupangitsa kuti nkhondo ikule kapena kupitilira kapena kutsika. Ndipo sakuchipangitsa kuti chichepe. Ndipo izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa pokhapokha titazindikira kufunika kwa bungwe la anthu kuti lithetse nkhondo, nkhondo idzathetsa ife; chifukwa pokhapokha titazindikira nthawi yamtendere yomwe tikukhalamo sitidzasamala kapena kuchitapo kanthu m'malo mwa ozunzidwa; chifukwa ngati tiganiza kuti nkhondo ikutha pamene ndalama zankhondo zikukwera pang'onopang'ono padenga, titha kuganiza kuti zankhondo ndizosafunikira kapena kuthandizira mtendere; chifukwa kusamvetsetsa zakale kukhala zosiyana kwenikweni ndi zachiwawa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kungapangitse ndipo kumabweretsa kukhululukidwa machitidwe achisembwere omwe ayenera kutsutsidwa ngati tikufuna kuchita bwino; ndipo chifukwa Pinkerism ndi zankhondo zimalimbikitsidwa ndi tsankho lapadera lomwelo - ngati mukukhulupirira kuti anthu aku Crimea avota kuti alowenso ku Russia ndiye mlandu wankhanza kwambiri m'zaka za zana lino, mutha kukhulupiriranso kuti kuwopseza nkhondo ku China ndikwabwino. kwa ana ndi zamoyo zina (koma siziwerengedwa ngati nkhondo).

Pakhala pali kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa Pinker's Angelo Abwino Achilengedwe Chathu kuyambira tsiku 1. Mmodzi mwa omwe ndimakonda kwambiri kuyambira Edward Herman ndi David Peterson. Kusonkhanitsa kwaposachedwa kumatchedwa Angelo Amdima Achilengedwe Chathu. Koma anthu omwe amafunsa funso la Pinkerism akuwoneka kuti sanaganizepo kuti chilichonse chomwe Pinker adanena chimakayikiridwa nkomwe, osatsutsidwa bwino ndi akatswiri azambiri ambiri. Ndikuganiza kuti izi, mwa zina, chifukwa Pinker ndi munthu wanzeru komanso wolemba wabwino (ali ndi mabuku ena omwe ndimakonda, omwe sindiwakonda, ndipo ali ndi malingaliro osakanikirana), mwa zina chifukwa tonse timadziwa kuti zochitika za nthawi yaitali zingakhale zosiyana. za zomwe timaganiza (ndipo, makamaka, kuti makampani ofalitsa nkhani aku US amapanga zikhulupiriro zabodza pakuwonjezeka kwa ziwopsezo zaupandu pongodzaza "nkhani" zaupandu), mwa zina chifukwa chopirira. mwapadera zimapanga zochititsa khungu zina, ndipo makamaka chifukwa chakuti anthu aphunzitsidwa kukhulupirira kupita patsogolo kwa capitalist kuyambira ali ana ang'onoang'ono ndipo amasangalala kukhulupirira.

Pinker samapeza zonse zomwe zingatheke m'buku lake lonse molakwika, koma malingaliro ake onse ndi olakwika kapena osatsimikiziridwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ziwerengero, zolembedwa kwambiri pamalumikizidwe pamwambapa, zimayendetsedwa ndi zolinga ziwiri zolumikizana. Chimodzi ndicho kupanga zakale kukhala zachiwawa kwambiri kuposa zamakono. China ndicho kupanga chikhalidwe chosakhala cha Azungu kukhala chachiwawa kwambiri kuposa cha Azungu. Kotero, chiwawa cha Aaztec chimachokera ku mafilimu ochepa chabe a Hollywood, pamene chiwawa cha Pentagon chimachokera ku deta yovomerezedwa ndi Pentagon. Zotsatira zake ndi mgwirizano wa Pinker ndi zongopeka zamaphunziro zaku US zomwe kupha anthu ambiri Pazaka 75 zapitazi ndi nthawi yamtendere. M’chenicheni, imfa zankhondo zosaneneka, kuvulala, kupwetekedwa mtima, chiwonongeko, ndi kusowa pokhala koyambitsa nkhondo m’zaka za zana la 20 zapitirira mpaka m’zaka za zana la 21.

Momwe mungadziwire kuwonongeka kwa nkhondo zimadalira ngati mumasankha kuphatikizapo imfa zomwe siziri nthawi yomweyo (pambuyo pake kudzipha ndi kufa chifukwa cha kuvulala ndi kusowa ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha nkhondo), komanso ngati mumasankha kuphatikizapo imfa ndi kuzunzika zomwe zikanatha kupewedwa ndi chuma chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo. Ngakhale mutakhala okonzeka kupita ndi maphunziro odalirika kwambiri pa imfa zaposachedwa, ndizongoyerekeza; ndipo muli ndi mwayi ngati mutha kupeza ziwerengero zodalirika pa kuphana kwanthawi kochepa pankhondo. Koma titha kukhala otsimikiza mokwanira kuti tidziwe kuti chithunzi cha Pinker chakufa kwankhondo ndichabechabe pachokha.

Ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kuti tiganizire za imfa ndi kuzunzika komwe kumadza chifukwa cha zilango ndi kusokonekera kwachuma komanso kuwononga chilengedwe, kaya Pinker atero kapena ayi, komanso ngati timatcha zinthu zotere ngati “chiwawa” kapena ayi. Kuyambitsa nkhondo kumawononga kwambiri kuposa nkhondo zokha. Ndikuganizanso kuti ndizopenga kusaganizira chiwopsezo chikuchulukirachulukira za apocalypse ya zida za nyukiliya zomwe sizikanakhalapo popanda nkhondo komanso "kupita patsogolo" komwe kumapangidwira ndikuwopseza.

Koma makamaka ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kuzindikira kuti dziko labwino lamtendere ndi lopanda chiwawa Pinker akudziyerekezera kuti alimo ndi 100% zotheka. ngati ndipo pokhapokha ngati tigwira ntchito.