Chizunzo Chomwe Chimapitilira Ndi Chosadziwika Cha Julian Assange

Wolemba Andy Worthington, Seputembara 10, 2020

kuchokera Kutsutsana Kwambiri

Kulimbana kwakukulu kokhudza ufulu wa atolankhani kukuchitika ku Old Bailey ku London, komwe Lolemba, masabata atatu amilandu adayamba kuyankha ku US kwa Julian Assange, woyambitsa WikiLeaks. Mu 2010 ndi 2011, WikiLeaks adasindikiza zikalata zomwe zidatulutsidwa ndi membala wankhondo waku US - Bradley, tsopano Chelsea Manning - zomwe zidawulula. umboni wa milandu yankhondo opangidwa ndi US ndipo, pankhani ya luso langa, Guantánamo.

Mavumbulutsidwe a Guantánamo anali m'mafayilo amgulu ankhondo okhudzana ndi pafupifupi amuna onse a 779 omwe anali kundende ndi asitikali aku US kuyambira pomwe idatsegulidwa mu Januware 2002, yomwe, kwa nthawi yoyamba, idawulula momveka bwino momwe umboni womwe unkaganiziridwa kuti ndi wotsutsa akaidi ndi wosadalirika. zinali, zambiri za izo zinali zitanenedwa ndi akaidi amene ananena zambiri zabodza zotsutsa akaidi anzawo. Ndidagwira ntchito ndi WikiLeaks ngati mnzake wapa media pakutulutsa mafayilo a Guantánamo, ndipo chidule changa cha kufunikira kwa mafayilo akupezeka m'nkhani yomwe ndidalemba pomwe idasindikizidwa koyamba, WikiLeaks Iwulula Mafayilo Achinsinsi a Guantánamo, Akuwulula Ndondomeko Yotsekeredwa M'ndende Monga Kupanga Mabodza.

Ndiyenera kuwonjezera kuti ndine mmodzi wa mboni za chitetezo, ndipo ndidzawonekera kukhoti nthawi ina m'masabata angapo otsatirawa kuti tikambirane tanthauzo la mafayilo a Guantánamo. Onani positi iyi wolemba Kevin Gosztola wa Shadowproof akutchula omwe akutenga nawo mbali, omwe akuphatikizapo Pulofesa Noam Chomsky, Jameel Jaffer, mkulu wa Knight First Amendment Institute ku Columbia University, atolankhani John Goetz, Jakob Augstein, Emily Dische-Becker ndi Sami Ben Garbia, maloya Eric. Lewis ndi Barry Pollack, ndi Dr. Sondra Crosby, dokotala yemwe adamuyeza Assange ali ku ofesi ya kazembe wa Ecuadorian, komwe adakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri atapempha chitetezo ku 2012.

Mlandu wachitetezo (onani Pano ndi Pano) ndi mlandu wotsutsa (onani Pano) zaperekedwa ndi Milatho ya Media Freedom, yomwe "imagwira ntchito yophunzitsa anthu komanso okhudzidwa kwambiri za kuwopseza ufulu wa atolankhani kudera lonse la malipoti amakono a digito," ndipo bungweli likupanganso zonena zaumboni momwe mboni zikuwonekera - mpaka pano, pulofesa waku US wofalitsa utolankhani. Mark Feldstein (onani Pano ndi Pano), loya Clive Stafford Smith, woyambitsa Reprieve (onani Pano), Paul Rogers, pulofesa wa maphunziro a mtendere pa yunivesite ya Bradford (onani Pano), ndi Trevor Timm wa Ufulu wa Press Foundation (onani Pano).

Ngakhale izi zonse - komanso masabata a umboni wa akatswiri omwe akubwera - chowonadi chosamveka ndichakuti zokambiranazi siziyenera kuchitika nkomwe. Popereka poyera zikalata zomwe Manning adatulutsa, WikiLeaks anali ngati wofalitsa, ndipo, ngakhale maboma mwachiwonekere sakonda umboni wofalitsidwa wokhudza zinsinsi ndi milandu yawo, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimasiyanitsa pakati pa anthu omwe amati ndi omasuka ndi ulamuliro wankhanza ndikuti. , m’chitaganya chaufulu, awo amene amafalitsa zikalata zotayikira zotsutsa maboma awo salangidwa ndi njira zalamulo kaamba ka kuchita zimenezo. Ku US, Kukonzanso Koyamba kwa Constitution ya US, komwe kumatsimikizira ufulu wa kulankhula, kumatanthauza kuletsa zomwe zikuchitika panopa pa nkhani ya Julian Assange.

Kuphatikiza apo, pofalitsa zikalata zomwe Manning, Assange ndi WikiLeaks adatulutsa sizinagwire ntchito okha; m'malo mwake, adagwira ntchito limodzi ndi manyuzipepala ambiri otchuka, kotero kuti, ngati pakanati pakhale mlandu woti Assange ndi WikiLeaks akuchita zigawenga, ndiye kuti osindikiza ndi akonzi a New York Times, ndi Washington Post, ndi Guardian ndi manyuzipepala ena onse padziko lonse lapansi omwe adagwira ntchito ndi Assange pakutulutsa zikalatazi, monga ndidafotokozera pamene Assange adamangidwa koyamba ndikuimbidwa mlandu chaka chatha, m'nkhani zamutu, Tetezani Julian Assange ndi WikiLeaks: Ufulu Watolankhani Umadalira Iwo ndi Lekani Kuwonjezera: Ngati Julian Assange Ali Wolakwa pa Espionage, Momwemonso New York Times, Guardian ndi Malo Ena Ambiri Ofalitsa, ndipo, mu February chaka chino, m’nkhani yakuti, Kuyitanira kwa Mainstream Media Kuteteza Ufulu wa Atolankhani komanso Kutsutsa Kutulutsidwa kwa Julian Assange ku US..

Maziko omwe a US akutsutsa Assange ndi Espionage Act ya 1917, yomwe yatsutsidwa kwambiri. Lipoti la 2015 ndi PEN American Center anapeza, monga Wikipedia anafotokoza kuti “pafupifupi oimira omwe si a boma amene anawafunsa, kuphatikizapo omenyera ufulu wa anthu, maloya, atolankhani ndi oululira nkhani zabodza, ‘anaganiza kuti Lamulo la Espionage linagwiritsidwa ntchito mosayenera pamilandu yotayikira yomwe ili ndi gawo lokhudza anthu.’” Monga momwe PEN inafotokozera, “ akatswiri anafotokoza kuti ndi ‘chida chosamveka bwino,’ ‘chaukali, chotakasuka ndi chopondereza,’ ‘chida chowopseza,’ ‘chitonthozo cha kulankhula mwaufulu,’ ndi ‘galimoto yosauka yoimbitsira mlandu anthu otsikira m’mimba ndi oimbitsira miluzi.’”

Purezidenti Obama adaganiza zofuna kuti a Julian Assange atulutsidwe m'ndende, koma adatsimikiza kuti kuchita izi kudzakhala chiwopsezo chomwe sichinachitikepo komanso chosavomerezeka paufulu wa atolankhani. Monga Charlie Savage adafotokozera mu a New York Times Pamene Assange akuimbidwa mlandu, akuluakulu a Obama "adayesa kutsutsa Bambo Assange, koma adakana kuti achitepo chifukwa choopa kuti asokoneza utolankhani wofufuza ndipo akhoza kuchotsedwa ngati wosagwirizana ndi malamulo."

Donald Trump ndi utsogoleri wake, komabe, analibe zodandaula zotere, ndipo ataganiza zopitiliza pempho la Assange, boma la Britain linalola kudana ndi woyambitsa WikiLeaks kuti athetse zomwe zikanayenera kukhala chitetezo chake cha ufulu wa atolankhani. kufalitsa nkhani zomwe zili zokomera anthu onse, koma zomwe maboma sangafune kusindikizidwa, monga gawo la ntchito yofunikira ya anthu omwe amazindikira kufunikira kwa macheke ndi kulinganiza pa mphamvu zotheratu, momwe zoulutsira nkhani zitha, ndipo ziyenera kutenga gawo lalikulu. .

Ngakhale kumenyedwa koonekeratu paufulu wa atolankhani komwe mlandu wa Assange ukuyimira, boma la US - ndipo, mwina, othandizira ake m'boma la Britain - akunamizira kuti zomwe mlanduwu ukunena ndi zigawenga zomwe Assange adachita kuti apeze chidziwitso chomwe chinali. pambuyo pake, ndikunyalanyaza chitetezo cha anthu omwe ali m'mafayilo omwe mayina awo adawululidwa.

Mlandu woyamba mwa izi, wosasindikizidwa tsiku lomwe Assange anamangidwa (April 11 chaka chatha), adanena kuti adayesa kuthandiza Manning kuti alowe mu kompyuta ya boma kuti asadziwike, mlandu womwe unali m'ndende zaka zisanu. adaphatikizidwa mu mlandu wa Manning.

Komabe, milandu yaukazitape ya 17 idakhudza gawo latsopano, "lidayang'ana," monga Charlie Savage adafotokozera, "pamafayilo ochepa omwe anali ndi mayina a anthu omwe adapereka chidziwitso ku United States m'malo oopsa ngati madera ankhondo aku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. , ndi mayiko aulamuliro monga China, Iran ndi Syria.”

Savage anawonjezera kuti: “Umboni womwe unaperekedwa m’chigamulo chotsutsa a Assange umagwirizana ndi zimene oimira boma pa milandu a asilikali a m’chaka cha 2013 ankazenga mlandu wa Mayi Manning. Oimira boma pamlandu wakewo ananenanso kuti zimene anachitazi zinaika pangozi anthu amene mayina awo anaululidwa m’zikalata zimene a Assange ankazisindikiza, ngakhale kuti sanapereke umboni wosonyeza kuti munthu wina waphedwa chifukwa cha zimenezi.”

Mfundo yomalizayi iyenera kukhala yofunika kwambiri, koma Savage adanena kuti mkulu wa Dipatimenti Yachilungamo "anakana kunena ngati pali umboni woterewu, koma adatsindika kuti otsutsa amayenera kutsimikizira kukhoti zomwe akunena potsutsa: kuyika anthu pachiwopsezo.”

Ngati atulutsidwa ndikutsutsidwa bwino, Assange akukumana ndi chigamulo cha zaka 175, zomwe zimandichititsa kuti ndikhale wonyada kwambiri chifukwa choika anthu pachiwopsezo, koma ndiye kuti chilichonse chokhudza mlanduwu ndi chochulukirapo, osati momwe boma la US likuwona kuti ndiloyenera. kusintha malamulo nthawi iliyonse yomwe ikufuna.

Mwachitsanzo, mu June, US idasiya mlandu womwe udalipo ndikupereka wina watsopano, ndi zonena kuti Assange anayesa kulemba anthu ena achiwembu - ngati kuti kupereka chiwongolero chapamwamba ngati ichi chinali chikhalidwe chabwinobwino, pomwe sichinali kanthu.

Pomwe mlandu woti atulutsidwe udayamba Lolemba, a Mark Summers QC, m'modzi mwa maloya a Assange, adatcha kuti kuperekedwa kwa mlanduwu "kwachilendo, kopanda chilungamo komanso koyenera kuyambitsa kusalungama kwenikweni." Monga Guardian adalongosola, a Summers adanena kuti zowonjezerazo "zinawoneka bwino," ndipo "zinapereka zifukwa zowonjezera zaupandu zomwe zimati paokha zitha kukhala zifukwa zosiyana zochotsera anthu ena, monga kuba deta m'mabanki, kupeza zambiri zokhudza kufufuza magalimoto apolisi. , ndipo akuti ‘anathandiza woimba mluzu [Edward Snowden] ku Hong Kong.’”

Monga a Summers amafotokozera, "Ili ndi pempho latsopano," adatero, "lidaperekedwa posachedwa panthawi yomwe Assange 'aletsedwa' kulankhula ndi maloya ake omuteteza." Ananenanso kuti Assange ndi maloya ake amakhulupirira kuti zowonjezerazo zidayambitsidwa komanso kukhumudwa, chifukwa "US idawona kulimba kwa mlandu wachitetezo ndikuganiza kuti itaya." Anapempha Woweruza Vanessa Baraitser "kulipira" kapena kuchotseratu milandu yowonjezereka yomwe inachedwa ku US," ndipo adafunanso kuchedwetsa kuzemba mlandu wotuluka m'ndende, koma Woweruza Baraitser anakana.

Zikuwonekerabe ngati, pamene mlanduwo ukupitirira, omwe akuteteza Assange angathe kukakamiza woweruza kuti akane pempho la US kuti abweze. Zikuoneka kuti sizingatheke, koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa mgwirizano wa extradition ndi chakuti sichiyenera kukhala chifukwa cha zolakwa za ndale, ngakhale kuti ndi zomwe boma la US likuwoneka kuti likunena, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Espionage Act. Monga momwe loya wina wa Assange, a Edward Fitzgerald QC, adafotokozera, muzotsutsa, zomwe adalemba, kuti kutsutsidwa kwa Assange "kukutsatiridwa ndi zolinga zandale osati mwachikhulupiriro".

Monga momwe adafotokozeranso "Pempho la [US] likufuna kubwezeredwa kumayiko ena chifukwa cha 'mlandu wa ndale.' Kuonjezera pamlandu wa ndale ndikoletsedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi nkhani 4(1) ya mgwirizano wa Anglo-US extradition. Choncho, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa ndondomeko ya khoti limeneli yofuna kuti khotili libweze m’dzikolo malinga ndi pangano la Anglo-US lomwe linaphwanya mfundo za panganoli.”

Andy Worthington ndi mtolankhani wofufuza pawokha, wotsutsa, wolemba, wojambula zithunzi, wopanga mafilimu ndi woyimba-wolemba nyimbo (woyimba wamkulu komanso wolemba nyimbo wamkulu wa gulu lochokera ku London Abambo Anayi, amene nyimbo zake ndi likupezeka kudzera pa Bandcamp).