Chiphunzitso cha Monroe Ndi 200 ndipo Sichiyenera Kufika 201

Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, January 17, 2023

David Swanson ndiye wolemba buku latsopanoli Chiphunzitso cha Monroe pa 200 ndi Chomwe Mungasinthire nacho.

Chiphunzitso cha Monroe chinali ndipo ndi kulungamitsidwa kwa zochita, zina zabwino, zina zosayanjanitsika, koma zochulukirazi ndizolakwa. Chiphunzitso cha Monroe chidakalipo, momveka bwino komanso chovekedwa m'chinenero chatsopano. Ziphunzitso zowonjezera zamangidwa pa maziko ake. Nawa mawu a Chiphunzitso cha Monroe, chomwe chinasankhidwa mosamala kuchokera ku State of the Union Address ya Purezidenti James Monroe zaka 200 zapitazo pa December 2, 1823:

"Nthawiyi idaweruzidwa kuti ndiyoyenera kutsimikizira, monga mfundo yomwe ufulu ndi zokonda za United States zikukhudzidwa, kuti makontinenti aku America, mwaufulu ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha womwe adaganiza ndikusunga, kuyambira pano sayenera kuganiziridwa. monga nkhani zotsatiridwa mtsogolo ndi maulamuliro aku Europe. . . .

"Chotero, tili ndi udindo wonena mosapita m'mbali ndi maubale omwe alipo pakati pa United States ndi maulamulirowa kuti tinene kuti tiyenera kuganizira zoyesayesa zawo zowonjezera dongosolo lawo ku gawo lililonse la dziko lino monga lowopsa ku mtendere ndi chitetezo chathu. . Ndi madera omwe alipo kapena kudalira mphamvu iliyonse ya ku Ulaya, sitinasokoneze ndipo sitidzasokoneza. Koma ndi Maboma amene alengeza ufulu wawo ndi kuusunga, ndipo amene ufulu wawo tili nawo, pa kulingalira kwakukulu ndi pa mfundo zolungama, tavomereza, sitikanatha kuwona kuloŵerera kulikonse n’cholinga chowapondereza, kapena kulamulira mwanjira ina iriyonse tsogolo lawo. , ndi ulamuliro uliwonse wa ku Ulaya m’lingaliro lina lililonse osati monga chisonyezero cha mkhalidwe wopanda ubwenzi kulinga ku United States.”

Awa anali mawu omwe pambuyo pake anadzatchedwa "Monroe Doctrine." Iwo adachotsedwa pakulankhula komwe kunanena zambiri zokomera zokambirana zamtendere ndi maboma a ku Europe, pomwe amakondwerera ngati osakayikira kugonjetsa kwachiwawa ndi kulanda zomwe mawuwo adatcha maiko "opanda anthu" a North America. Mitu yonseyi inalibe yatsopano. Chomwe chinali chatsopano chinali lingaliro la kutsutsa kupititsa patsogolo kutsatiridwa kwa maiko a ku America ndi Azungu pamaziko a kusiyana pakati pa ulamuliro woipa wa mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi ulamuliro wabwino wa mayiko a ku America. Kulankhula kumeneku, ngakhale kumagwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza mawu akuti "dziko lotukuka" kutanthauza ku Ulaya ndi zinthu zomwe zinapangidwa ndi Ulaya, kumaperekanso kusiyana pakati pa maboma a ku America ndi omwe sali ofunika kwambiri m'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya. Munthu angapeze pano kholo la nkhondo yolengezedwa posachedwapa ya demokalase yolimbana ndi maulamuliro a autocracies.

The Doctrine of Discovery - lingaliro lakuti dziko la ku Ulaya lingathe kutenga malo aliwonse omwe mayiko ena a ku Ulaya sanatenge, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe anthu akukhalamo kale - kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1823 ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika. Koma izo zinayikidwa mu malamulo a US mu 2022, chaka chomwecho monga mawu oipa a Monroe. Zinayikidwa pamenepo ndi mnzake wa moyo wonse wa Monroe, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ku US John Marshall. United States inadziyesa yokha, mwina yokha kunja kwa Ulaya, kukhala ndi mwayi wotulukira mofanana ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya. (Mwina mwangozi, mu Disembala 30 pafupifupi mayiko onse padziko lapansi adasaina pangano kuti akhazikitse 2030% ya nthaka ndi nyanja yapadziko lapansi kuti ikhale nyama zakuthengo pofika chaka cha XNUMX. Kupatulapo: United States ndi Vatican.)

M'misonkhano ya nduna yopita ku Monroe's State of the Union ya 1823, panali zokambirana zambiri zowonjezera Cuba ndi Texas ku United States. Nthawi zambiri ankakhulupirira kuti malowa angafune kujowina. Izi zinali zogwirizana ndi zomwe nduna za ndunazi zinkazolowera kukambirana za kukula, osati monga utsamunda kapena ufumu wa imperialism, koma pofuna kutsutsa ulamuliro wa atsamunda. Potsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa atsamunda a ku Ulaya, komanso pokhulupirira kuti aliyense ali ndi ufulu wosankha kuti asankhe kukhala mbali ya United States, amunawa anatha kumvetsa imperialism monga anti-imperialism.

Tili ndi zolankhula za Monroe kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliro lakuti "chitetezo" cha United States chimaphatikizapo chitetezo cha zinthu zomwe zili kutali ndi United States zomwe boma la US likulengeza "chidwi" chofunikira. tsiku. The "2022 National Defense Strategy of the United States," kutenga chitsanzo chimodzi cha zikwi, imatanthawuza nthawi zonse kuteteza "zokonda" ndi "makhalidwe" a US, omwe akufotokozedwa kuti alipo kunja komanso kuphatikizapo mayiko ogwirizana, komanso kukhala osiyana ndi United States. Mayiko kapena "dziko lakwawo." Izi sizinali zatsopano ndi Chiphunzitso cha Monroe. Zikadakhala kuti, Purezidenti Monroe sakanatha kunena m'mawu omwewo kuti, "mphamvu yanthawi zonse yasungidwa m'nyanja ya Mediterranean, Pacific Ocean, ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic, ndipo yapereka chitetezo chofunikira ku malonda athu m'nyanjazi. .” Monroe, yemwe adagula Louisiana Purchase kuchokera kwa Napoleon kwa Purezidenti Thomas Jefferson, pambuyo pake adakulitsa zonena za US kumadzulo kwa Pacific ndipo m'chiganizo choyamba cha Monroe Doctrine anali kutsutsa kulamulidwa ndi Russia kudera lina la North America kutali ndi malire akumadzulo a Missouri kapena Illinois. Mchitidwe wochitira chirichonse choikidwa pansi pa mutu wosamveka bwino wa "zokonda" monga kulungamitsa nkhondo unalimbikitsidwa ndi Chiphunzitso cha Monroe ndipo kenako ndi ziphunzitso ndi machitidwe omangidwa pa maziko ake.

Tilinso, m'chinenero chozungulira Chiphunzitsochi, tanthauzo lachiwopsezo ku "zokonda" za US za kuthekera kuti "mabungwe ogwirizana ayenera kukulitsa ndale zawo ku gawo lililonse la [America]." Maulamuliro ogwirizana nawo, Holy Alliance, kapena Grand Alliance, anali mgwirizano wa maboma a monarchist ku Prussia, Austria, ndi Russia, omwe amayimira kuyenera kwaumulungu kwa mafumu, komanso motsutsana ndi demokalase ndi kusapembedza. Kutumiza zida ku Ukraine ndi zilango zotsutsana ndi Russia mu 2022, m'dzina loteteza demokalase ku ulamuliro wa Russia, ndi gawo lamwambo wautali komanso wosasweka wobwerera ku Chiphunzitso cha Monroe. Kuti Ukraine isakhale demokalase yambiri, komanso kuti boma la US lipange zida, maphunziro, ndi ndalama zankhondo za maboma ambiri opondereza Padziko Lapansi zimagwirizana ndi chinyengo cham'mbuyomu chakulankhula ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Kugwira ukapolo ku United States m'masiku a Monroe kunali kocheperako ngakhale demokalase kuposa momwe United States yamasiku ano ilili. Maboma Achimereka Achimereka omwe sanatchulidwe m'mawu a Monroe, koma omwe angayembekezere kuwonongedwa ndi kufalikira kwa Azungu (ena omwe maboma adalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma la US monga momwe zinalili ku Ulaya), nthawi zambiri anali ochulukirapo. wademokalase kuposa mayiko aku Latin America omwe Monroe anali kunena kuti amateteza koma zomwe boma la US nthawi zambiri limachita zosemphana ndi kuteteza.

Kutumiza zida zankhondo ku Ukraine, zilango zotsutsana ndi Russia, ndi asitikali aku US omwe ali ku Europe konse, nthawi yomweyo, akuphwanya mwambo womwe Monroe adalankhula popewa nkhondo za ku Europe ngakhale, monga momwe Monroe adanenera, Spain "sangathe kugonja. ” mphamvu zotsutsana ndi demokalase za nthawi imeneyo. Mwambo wodzipatula uwu, womwe unali wodziwika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso wopambana, ndipo sunathetsedwe, udathetsedwa makamaka ndi kulowa kwa US munkhondo ziwiri zoyambirira zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira pomwe zida zankhondo zaku US, komanso kumvetsetsa kwa boma la US pa "zokonda" zake, sizinachokepo. Europe. Komabe mu 2000, a Patrick Buchanan adathamangira pulezidenti wa US pa nsanja yochirikiza zofuna za Monroe Doctrine zodzipatula komanso kupewa nkhondo zakunja.

Chiphunzitso cha Monroe chinapititsanso lingalirolo, lomwe lidakalipobe lero, kuti pulezidenti wa US, osati US Congress, akhoza kudziwa komwe United States idzapite kunkhondo - osati nkhondo yeniyeni, koma chiwerengero chilichonse. za nkhondo zamtsogolo. Chiphunzitso cha Monroe, ndiye chitsanzo choyambirira cha "chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo" pazolinga zonse kuvomereza nkhondo zingapo, komanso zomwe zimakondedwa kwambiri ndi ma TV aku US masiku ano "kujambula mzere wofiira. .” Pamene mikangano ikukula pakati pa United States ndi dziko lina lililonse, zakhala zachilendo kwa zaka zambiri kuti atolankhani aku US aziumirira kuti pulezidenti wa US "apange mzere wofiyira" kuti achite nkhondo ku United States, kuphwanya osati mapangano omwe amaletsa. kutenthetsa, komanso osati lingaliro lokha lomwe lafotokozedwa bwino mukulankhula komweko komwe kuli ndi Chiphunzitso cha Monroe kuti anthu asankhe njira ya boma, komanso za kuperekedwa kwa Constitutional mphamvu zankhondo ku Congress. Zitsanzo za zofuna ndi kuumirira kutsatira "mizere yofiyira" muzofalitsa zaku US zikuphatikiza malingaliro omwe:

• Purezidenti Barack Obama adzayambitsa nkhondo yaikulu ku Syria ngati Syria idzagwiritsa ntchito zida za mankhwala,
• Purezidenti Donald Trump angawukire Iran ngati ma proxies aku Iran akuukira zofuna za US,
• Purezidenti Biden angawukire mwachindunji Russia ndi asitikali aku US ngati Russia iukira membala wa NATO.

David Swanson ndiye wolemba buku latsopanoli Chiphunzitso cha Monroe pa 200 ndi Chomwe Mungasinthire nacho.