Ndi Terry Crawford-Browne, World BEYOND War, Ogasiti 24 2021
Filimu yolemba ku Israeli yotchedwa The Lab idapangidwa mu 2013. Idawonetsedwa ku Pretoria ndi Cape Town, Europe, Australia ndi US ndipo idapambana mphotho zambiri, ngakhale ku Tel Aviv International Documentary Film Festival.[I]
Lingaliro la kanemayo ndikuti kulandidwa kwa Israeli ku Gaza ndi West Bank ndi "labu" kuti Israeli izidzitama kuti zida zake "zidayesedwa pankhondo ndipo zatsimikiziridwa" zogulitsa kunja. Ndipo, mochititsa manyazi kwambiri, momwe magazi aku Palestina amasandulika ndalama!
American Friends Service Committee (ma Quaker) ku Jerusalem yangotulutsa kumene Database of Israeli Military and Security Export (DIMSE).[Ii] Kafukufukuyu akufotokoza zamalonda padziko lonse lapansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo zaku Israeli ndi chitetezo kuyambira mchaka cha 2000 mpaka 2019. India ndi US ndiomwe akhala akulowetsa kunja kwakukulu, pomwe Turkey ndi yachitatu.
Phunziroli limati:
'Israeli amakhala chaka chilichonse pakati pa omwe akutumiza zida zankhondo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, koma sachita lipoti pafupipafupi ku United Nations registry pazida wamba, ndipo sanavomereze Pangano la Arms Trade. Malamulo aku Israeli sakufuna kuwonekera ponseponse pankhani zakugulitsa zida zankhondo, ndipo pakadali pano palibe malamulo oletsa ufulu wa anthu pazogulitsa zida zankhondo zaku Israeli kupitilira malamulo a UN Security Council. ”
Israeli yapatsa olamulira mwankhanza ku Myanmar zida zankhondo kuyambira ma 1950. Koma kokha mu 2017 - pambuyo paphokoso lapadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa Asilamu a Rohingyas komanso omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ku Israeli atagwiritsa ntchito makhothi aku Israeli kuti awulule zamalonda - izi zidasokoneza boma la Israeli.[III]
Ofesi ya UN High Commissioner for Human Rights mu 2018 yalengeza kuti wamkulu wa ku Myanmar akuyenera kuweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Khothi Lachilungamo Ladziko Lonse ku The Hague ku 2020 lidalamula Myanmar kuti ipewe nkhanza zakupha anthu aku Rohingya ochepa, komanso kuti asunge umboni wazomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu.[Iv]
Popeza mbiri ya Nazi Nazi, ndichachidziwikire kuti boma la Israeli komanso makampani opanga zida zankhondo aku Israel akhala akuchita zankhanza ku Myanmar ndi Palestine kuphatikiza mayiko ena ambiri, kuphatikiza Sri Lanka, Rwanda, Kashmir, Serbia ndi Philippines.[V] Ndizofunikanso kuti US iteteze dziko lake la satelayiti pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake za veto ku UN Security Council.
M'buku lake lotchedwa Nkhondo yolimbana ndi Anthu, Womenyera ufulu waku Israeli a Jeff Halper amatsegula ndi funso: "Kodi Israeli achoka bwanji?" Yankho lake ndiloti Israeli amachita "zonyansa" ku US osati ku Middle East kokha, komanso Africa, Latin America ndi kwina pogulitsa zida zankhondo, machitidwe achitetezo ndikusunga maulamuliro mwankhanza kudzera mwa kufunkha kwachilengedwe kuphatikizapo diamondi, mkuwa , coltan, golide ndi mafuta.[vi]
Buku la Halper limagwirizana ndi Lab ndi kafukufuku wa DIMSE. Yemwe anali kazembe waku US ku Israel ku 2009 mwamatsutso anachenjeza Washington kuti Israeli ikuchulukirachulukira kukhala "dziko lolonjezedwa pamilandu yolinganizidwa". Kuwonongeka komwe kukuchitika pakampani yake yazida ndikuti Israeli wakhala "gangster state".
Maiko asanu ndi anayi aku Africa akuphatikizidwa mu nkhokwe ya DIMSE - Angola, Cameroon, Côte D'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, South Sudan ndi Uganda. Olamulira mwankhanza ku Angola, Cameroon ndi Uganda adalira thandizo lankhondo laku Israeli kwazaka zambiri. Maiko onse asanu ndi anayi amadziwika ndi ziphuphu komanso kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu zomwe nthawi zonse zimakhala zogwirizana.
Wolamulira mwankhanza ku Angola Eduardo dos Santos amadziwika kuti anali munthu wolemera kwambiri ku Africa pomwe mwana wake wamkazi Isobel adakhalanso mkazi wolemera kwambiri ku Africa.[vii] Onse awiri bambo ndi mwana wawo akumangidwa chifukwa cha ziphuphu.[viii] Mafuta omwe amapezeka ku Angola, Equatorial Guinea, South Sudan ndi Western Sahara (omwe akhala aku Morocco kuyambira 1975 mosemphana ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi) amapereka lingaliro lazomwe Israeli angachite.
Daimondi yamagazi ndi yomwe imakopa ku Angola ndi Côte D'Ivoire (kuphatikiza Democratic Republic of Congo ndi Zimbabwe zomwe siziphatikizidwa mu kafukufukuyu). Nkhondo ku DRC imadziwika kuti "Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse ku Africa" chifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi miyala ya cobalt, coltan, mkuwa ndi mafakitale omwe amafunidwa ndi omwe amatchedwa "World World".
Kudzera kubanki yake yaku Israeli, wamkulu wa diamondi, a Dan Gertler ku 1997 adapereka ndalama zothandizira kuchotsedwa kwa a Mobutu Sese Seko ndikulandidwa kwa DRC ndi Laurant Kabila. Ntchito zachitetezo zaku Israeli pambuyo pake zidasunga Kabila ndi mwana wake Joseph muulamuliro pomwe Gertler adalanda zachilengedwe ku DRC.[ix]
Kutatsala masiku ochepa kuti achoke mu Januware, Purezidenti wakale a Donald Trump adayimitsa kuphatikizidwa kwa Gertler pamndandanda waziphuphu za Global Magnitsky pomwe a Gertler adayikidwa mu 2017 chifukwa cha "migodi yosawoneka bwino komanso yowononga ku DRC". Kuyesera kwa a Trump "kukhululukira" Gertler tsopano kukutsutsidwa ku US State department ndi US Treasure ndi mabungwe makumi atatu aku Kongo komanso mayiko akunja.[x]
Ngakhale kuti Israeli alibe migodi ya diamondi, ndiye likulu lotsogola ndi kupukutira padziko lonse lapansi. Kukhazikitsidwa pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse mothandizidwa ndi South Africa, malonda a diamondi adatsogolera njira yoti mafakitale aku Israeli azigwira ntchito. Makampani a diamondi aku Israeli amalumikizananso kwambiri ndi onse opanga zida zankhondo ndi Mossad.[xi]
Côte D'Ivoire yakhala yosakhazikika pandale kwazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, ndipo kupanga kwake kwa diamondi ndikonyalanyaza.[xii] Komabe lipoti la DIMSE likuwulula kuti malonda a diamondi apachaka ku Côte D'Ivoire amakhala pakati pa 50 000 ndi 300 000 carats, pomwe makampani opanga zida zaku Israeli akuchita nawo malonda a mfuti ndi diamondi.
Nzika zaku Israeli zidakhudzidwanso kwambiri pankhondo yapachiweniweni ku Sierra Leone mzaka za m'ma 1990, komanso mfuti-pamalonda a diamondi. Colonel Yair Klein ndi ena adaphunzitsa Revolutionary United Front (RUF). “Njira yomwe a RUF anasaina inali kudula anthu wamba, kuwadula mikono, miyendo, milomo ndi makutu ndi zikwanje ndi nkhwangwa. Cholinga cha RUF chinali kuwopseza anthu komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zosatsutsana m'minda ya diamondi. ”[xiii]
Momwemonso, kampani yakutsogolo ya Mossad akuti idabera zisankho zaku Zimbabwe munthawi ya Mugabe[xiv]. A Mossad akuti akonzekeretsanso boma mu 2017 pomwe a Emmerson Mnangagwa adalowa m'malo mwa Mugabe. Ma diamondi aku Zimbabwe akutumizidwa ku Israel kudzera ku Dubai.
Komanso Dubai - nyumba yatsopano ya abale a Gupta amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa malo otsogola padziko lonse lapansi, komanso omwe ndi abwenzi achi Israeli atsopano - amatulutsa zikalata zachinyengo potengera Kimberley Process kuti ma diamondi amwaziwo alibe mikangano . Miyalayo imadulidwa ndikupukutidwa ku Israeli kuti igulitsidwe ku US, makamaka kwa anyamata achinyengo omwe ameza mawu otsatsa a De Beers akuti diamondi alipobe kwamuyaya.
South Africa ili pa 47th mu kafukufuku wa DIMSE. Kutumiza zida zankhondo kuchokera ku Israeli kuyambira 2000 kwakhala makina owonera ndi zida zankhondo zankhondo zogwirira ntchito ku BAE / Saab Gripens, magalimoto achiwawa komanso ntchito zachitetezo cha cyber. Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa ndalama sikuperekedwa. Pambuyo pa 2000, South Africa mu 1988 idagula ndege zankhondo 60 zomwe sizinagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi gulu lankhondo laku Israeli. Ndege zidakwezedwa pamtengo wa $ 1.7 biliyoni ndikusintha Cheetah, ndipo zidaperekedwa pambuyo pa 1994.
Kuyanjana ndi Israeli kudakhala manyazi andale ku ANC. Ngakhale ndege zina zidali zikunyamula, ma Cheetah amenewo adagulitsidwa pamtengo wogulitsa moto ku Chile ndi Ecuador. A Cheetah amenewo adasinthidwa ndi ma BAE Hawks aku Britain ndi Sweden ndi BAE / Saab Gripens pamtengo wina $ 2.5 biliyoni.
Milandu yokhudza ziphuphu za BAE / Saab yomwe idagwiranso ntchito sinathebe. Pafupifupi masamba 160 a ma afidaviti ochokera ku Britain Serious Fraud Office ndi Scorpions amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe BAE idaperekera ziphuphu za $ 115 miliyoni (R2 biliyoni), kwa omwe ziphuphuzo zidaperekedwa, ndi maakaunti aku bank ku South Africa ndi akunja omwe adalandiridwa.
Potsutsana ndi chitsimikiziro chochokera ku boma la Britain komanso siginecha ya Trevor Manuel, mgwirizano wamgwirizano wazaka 20 wa Barclays Bank wapa ndege zankhondo za BAE / Saab ndichitsanzo chazolemba zakubweza ngongole "dziko lachitatu" m'mabanki aku Britain.
Ngakhale imakhala yochepera gawo limodzi la malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, bizinesi yankhondo akuti akuti ndi 40 mpaka 45% ya ziphuphu padziko lonse lapansi. Chiyerekezo chapaderachi chimachokera - m'malo onse - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) kudzera ku US department of Commerce. [xv]
Ziphuphu zogulitsa zida zimapita mpaka pamwamba. Amaphatikizapo Mfumukazi, Prince Charles ndi ena am'banja lachifumu ku Britain.[xvi] Kupatula zochepa, imaphatikizaponso membala aliyense wa US Congress mosatengera chipani chandale. Purezidenti Dwight Eisenhower ku 1961 adachenjeza za zoyipa zomwe adazitcha "gulu lazankhondo-mafakitale-msonkhano".
Monga momwe zalembedwera mu The Lab, zigawenga zakupha ku Brazil komanso apolisi pafupifupi 100 aku America aphunzitsidwa njira zomwe Aisraeli amagwiritsa ntchito kupondereza a Palestine. Kuphedwa kwa George Floyd ku Minneapolis ndi anthu ena ambiri aku Afro-America m'mizinda ina kukuwonetsa momwe ziwawa komanso tsankho la tsankho ku Israeli limatumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsutsa zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha Black Lives Matter zatsimikiza kuti US ndianthu osalingana komanso osagwirizana bwino.
UN Security Council kumbuyo mu Novembala 1977 idatsimikiza kuti kusankhana mitundu komanso kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu ku South Africa ndi chiopsezo pamtendere ndi chitetezo chamayiko. Zoletsa zida zankhondo zidakhazikitsidwa zomwe zidanyozedwa ndi mayiko ambiri, makamaka Germany, France, Britain, US komanso makamaka Israel.[xvii]
Mabiliyoni mabiliyoni a randi adatsanulidwira ku Armscor ndi ena omanga zida zankhondo pakupanga zida za nyukiliya, mivi ndi zida zina, zomwe zidakhala zopanda ntchito kulimbana ndi kutsutsana ndi tsankho. Komabe m'malo moteteza dongosolo lachigawenga, kuwononga ndalama mopanda ulemu pazida zankhondo kudasokoneza South Africa.
Monga mkonzi wakale wa Business Day, malemu Ken Owen adalemba:
“Zoipa za tsankho zinali za atsogoleri wamba: misala yake inali yathunthu ya gulu lankhondo. Ndizodabwitsa kuti kumasulidwa kwathu kuti Afrikaner hegemony ikadatha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi atakhala kuti akatswiri azankhondo sanasinthe chuma chamtunduwu kuti achite monga Mossgas ndi Sasol, Armscor ndi Nufcor zomwe, pamapeto pake, sizinatithandizire koma kuwonongeka ndi manyazi . ”[xviii]
Momwemonso, mkonzi wa magazini ya Noseweek, a Martin Welz anathirira ndemanga kuti: “Israeli anali ndi ubongo, koma analibe ndalama. South Africa inali ndi ndalama, koma palibe ubongo ”. Mwachidule, South Africa idalipira ndalama zopititsa patsogolo ntchito zankhondo zaku Israeli zomwe zikuwopseza mtendere wapadziko lonse lapansi. Israeli atagonjetsedwa ndi US ku 1991 ndipo adayamba kusiya mgwirizano wake ndi South Africa, opanga zida zankhondo aku Israeli komanso atsogoleri ankhondo adatsutsa mwamphamvu.
Sanasangalale kwenikweni ndipo amalimbikira kuti "akufuna kudzipha." Adalengeza "South Africa yapulumutsa Israeli". Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mfuti za G3 zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apolisi aku South Africa pakupha anthu ku Marikana mu 2012 zidapangidwa ndi Denel pansi pa layisensi kuchokera ku Israel.
Patangotha miyezi iwiri Purezidenti PW Botha atalankhula Zoyipa kwambiri pa Rubicon mu Ogasiti 1985, wogulitsa banki woyera wodziletsa ameneyu adasintha. Panthawiyo ndinali Woyang'anira Zachuma ku Nedbank ku Western Cape, komanso woyang'anira mabanki apadziko lonse lapansi. Ndinali wothandiziranso End Conscription Campaign (ECC), ndipo sindinalole kuti mwana wanga wamwamuna wachinyamata azilembetsa usilikali.
Chilango chokana kulowa usilikali mu SADF chinali kundende zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Achinyamata pafupifupi 25 achizungu adachoka mdzikolo m'malo mokakamizidwa kulowa usilikali. Kuti South Africa idakhalabe amodzi mwamayiko achiwawa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi chimodzi chabe mwa zomwe zikuchitika chifukwa cha atsamunda ndi tsankho, komanso nkhondo zawo.
Ndili ndi Bishopu Wamkulu Desmond Tutu komanso malemu Dr Beyers Naude, tinakhazikitsa kampeni yolimbana ndi mabanki ku United Nations ku New York mu 1985 ngati njira yomaliza yopewera nkhondo yapachiweniweni komanso kuphana kwa mafuko. Kufanana pakati pa gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ku America komanso kampeni yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi tsankho zinali zowonekeratu kwa Afro-America. Lamulo Lonse Lotsutsana ndi Tsankho linaperekedwa patapita chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa chisankho cha Purezidenti Ronald Reagan.
Ndi Perestroika komanso kutha kwa Cold War mu 1989, Purezidenti George Bush (Senior) ndi US Congress adaopseza kuletsa South Africa kuchita chilichonse chachuma ku US. Tutu ndi ife olimbana ndi tsankho sanathenso kutinena kuti "achikominisi!" Awa anali maziko a mawu a Purezidenti FW de Klerk mu february 1990. De Klerk adawona zolembedwazo pakhoma.
Popanda mwayi wopeza mabanki asanu ndi awiri akulu aku New York komanso njira yolipirira dola yaku US, South Africa ikadalephera kugulitsa kulikonse padziko lapansi. Purezidenti Nelson Mandela pambuyo pake adavomereza kuti kampeni yaku New York yobweza banki inali njira yokhayo yothana ndi tsankho.[xix]
Ichi ndi phunziro lofunikira makamaka mu 2021 kwa Israeli komwe, monga tsankho ku South Africa, amanamizira kuti ndi demokalase. Kuyesa otsutsa ake ngati "odana ndi achi Semiti" kumakhala kopanda phindu chifukwa kuchuluka kwa Ayuda padziko lonse lapansi kumadzipatula ku Zionism.
Zoti Israeli ndi dziko lachiwawa tsopano zalembedwa kwambiri - kuphatikiza ndi Russell Tribunal on Palestine yomwe idakumana ku Cape Town mu Novembala 201l. Idatsimikiziranso kuti boma la Israeli likuyendetsa anthu aku Palestina amakwaniritsa zovomerezeka zatsankho ngati mlandu wotsutsana ndi tsankho.
Mkati mwa "Israeli woyenera," malamulo opitilira 50 amasala nzika zaku Palestine zaku Israeli chifukwa chokhala nzika, nthaka ndi chilankhulo, pomwe 93% ya malowa amasungidwa ndi Ayuda okha. Munthawi ya tsankho ku South Africa, manyazi oterewa amatchedwa "tsankho laling'ono" Kupitilira "mzere wobiriwira," Palestine Authority ndi "chisankho chachikulu" cha Bantustan, koma chodziyimira pawokha poyerekeza ndi ma Bantustan ku South Africa.
Ufumu wa Roma, Ufumu wa Ottoman, Ufumu wa France, Britain ndi Soviet Union pamapeto pake zidagwa atawonongedwa ndi mtengo wankhondo wawo. M'mawu achisoni a malemu Chalmers Johnson, omwe adalemba mabuku atatu onena zakutha kwa ufumu wa US: "zinthu zomwe sizingapitirire kwamuyaya, osatero."[xx]
Kugwa komwe kukuyandikira tsopano kwa Ufumu wa US kudawunikidwa ndi kuwukira ku Washington komwe kudalimbikitsidwa ndi Trump pa 6 Januware. Chisankho mu chisankho cha Purezidenti wa 2016 chinali pakati pa wachifwamba wankhondo komanso wamisala. Ndidanenanso kuti wamisala ndiye njira yabwino chifukwa a Trump angasokoneze dongosololi pomwe a Hillary Clinton akadalisokoneza ndikukulitsa.
Podzinamizira kuti "kuteteza America kukhala kotetezeka," ndalama mabiliyoni mazana ambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zopanda ntchito. Kuti US yataya nkhondo iliyonse yomwe adamenya nawo kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse sikuwoneka ngati nkhani yayikulu bola ngati ndalama zipita kwa Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, Boeing ndi masauzande amakontrakitala ena azida, kuphatikiza mabanki ndi makampani amafuta.[xxi]
A US adagwiritsa ntchito $ 5.8 trilioni basi pazida za nyukiliya kuyambira 1940 mpaka kumapeto kwa Cold War mu 1990 ndipo chaka chatha adafunanso kugwiritsa ntchito $ 1.2 trilioni ina kuti ikhale yatsopano.[xxii] Pangano Loletsa Pangano la Zida za Nyukiliya lidakhala lamulo lapadziko lonse lapansi pa 22 Januware 2021.
Israeli ili ndi mitu yankhondo yanyukiliya pafupifupi 80 yolunjika ku Iran. Purezidenti Richard Nixon ndi a Henry Kissinger mu 1969 adapanga zabodza zonena kuti "A US avomereza zida zanyukiliya zaku Israeli bola Israeli asavomereze poyera". [xxiii]
Monga momwe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ivomerezera, Iran idasiya zokhumba zake zopanga zida za nyukiliya kalekale monga 2003 pambuyo poti anthu aku America apachika Saddam Hussein, yemwe anali "munthu wawo" ku Iraq. Kuumirira kwa Israeli kuti Iran ndi chiwopsezo pamtendere ndi chitetezo chamayiko onse ndichabodza monga nzeru zabodza zaku Israeli mu 2003 za "zida zowonongera" za Iraq.
Anthu aku Britain "adapeza" mafuta ku Persia (Iran) mu 1908, ndikulanda. Boma losankhidwa mwa demokalase litasokoneza malonda aku Iran, maboma aku Britain ndi US ku 1953 adakhazikitsa coup d'etat, kenako ndikuthandizira ulamuliro wankhanza wa Shah mpaka pomwe adagonjetsedwa mu 1979 Iran.
Anthu aku America adakwiya (ndipo amakhalabe). Pobwezera komanso mgwirizano ndi Saddam kuphatikiza maboma ambiri (kuphatikiza tsankho ku South Africa), US idayambitsa nkhondo yazaka zisanu ndi zitatu pakati pa Iraq ndi Iran. Popeza mbiri ija kuphatikizapo Trump kuchotsedwa kwa Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), sizosadabwitsa kuti aku Irani amakayikira kwambiri malonjezo aku US kuti azitsatira mapangano.
Zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ndi udindo wa dola yaku US ngati ndalama zosungidwa padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kutsimikiza kwa US kuti akhazikitse chuma chake komanso nkhondo yankhondo padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikufotokozeranso zomwe zimalimbikitsa a Trump kuyesetsa kuyambitsa kusintha ku Venezuela, komwe kuli mafuta ochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Trump anali atanena mu 2016 kuti "adzakhetsa chithaphwi" ku Washington. M'malo mwake, mkati mwa ulonda wake wa purezidenti, chithaphwi chidasokonekera kukhala chiphalaphala, monga akuwonetsera ndi zida zake zogwirizana ndi olamulira mwankhanza aku Saudi Arabia, Israel ndi UAE kuphatikiza "mgwirizano wamtendere wazaka" ndi Israeli.[xxiv]
Purezidenti Joe Biden ali ndi ngongole zakusankhidwa kwake pakuvota ku Afro-America ku "blue state". Popeza zipolowe mu 2020 komanso momwe zoyeserera za Black Lives Matter zidakhudzira, komanso umphawi wa anthu apakati komanso ogwira ntchito, utsogoleri wake uyenera kuyika patsogolo mfundo zaufulu wakunyumba, komanso kusiya ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Pambuyo pazaka 20 zankhondo kuyambira 9/11, US idaphedwa ku Syria ndi Russia komanso Iran ku Iraq. Ndipo Afghanistan yatsimikiziranso mbiri yake ngati "manda a maufumu". Monga mlatho wapakati pakati pa Asia, Europe ndi Africa, Middle East ndiyofunikira kwambiri ku China kuti ikwaniritse mbiri yake ngati dziko lolamulira kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Nkhondo yosasamala ya Israeli / Saudi / US yolimbana ndi Iran imatha kupangitsa kuti Russia ndi China achitepo kanthu. Zotsatira zapadziko lonse lapansi zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa anthu.
Mkwiyo wapadziko lonse pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa mtolankhani Jamal Khashoggi waphatikizidwa ndi mavumbulutso kuti US ndi Britain (kuphatikiza maiko ena kuphatikiza South Africa) adathandizira kuperekera Saudi Arabia ndi UAE osati zida zokha komanso kupereka zida zothandizira nkhondo ya Saudi / UAE ku Yemen.
Biden adalengeza kale kuti ubale wa US ndi Saudi Arabia "udzasinthidwa".[xxv] Pomwe akulengeza kuti "Amereka Abwerera," zowona zomwe akukumana ndi oyang'anira a Biden ndizovuta zapakhomo. Anthu apakati komanso ogwira ntchito asauka ndipo, chifukwa chazachuma zomwe zaperekedwa kunkhondo kuyambira 9/11, zomangamanga zaku America zanyalanyazidwa modetsa nkhawa. Machenjezo a Eisenhower mu 1961 tsopano akutsimikiziridwa.
Zoposa 50 peresenti ya bajeti ya US Federal Government imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera nkhondo, komanso ndalama zomwe zimapitilira munkhondo zam'mbuyomu. Dziko lapansi limagwiritsa ntchito $ 2 trilioni pachaka pokonzekera nkhondo, ambiri mwa iwo ndi US ndi mabungwe ake a NATO. Gawo laling'ono lomwe lingathandizire kuthana ndi mavuto akusintha kwanyengo, kuthana ndi umphawi komanso zina zofunika kuchita.
Chiyambireni Nkhondo ya Yom Kippur mu 1973, mafuta a OPEC agulidwa pamadola aku US okha. Pangano lomwe Henry Kissinger adakambirana, mulingo wamafuta waku Saudi udalowa m'malo mwa golide.[xxvi] Zomwe zakhudzidwa padziko lonse lapansi zinali zazikulu, ndipo zikuphatikiza:
- US ndi Britain atsimikizira banja lachifumu la Saudi ku nkhondo zowukira,
- Mafuta a OPEC ayenera kugulitsidwa m'madola aku US okha, zomwe zimasungidwa m'mabanki aku New York ndi London. Chifukwa chake, dola ndi ndalama zosungidwa padziko lonse lapansi pomwe dziko lonse lapansi limapereka ndalama kubanki yaku US ndi zachuma, komanso nkhondo zaku America,
- Bank of England imapereka "Saudi Arabia slush fund," cholinga chake ndikuthandizira kubisala kwamayiko olemera ku Asia ndi Africa. Ngati Iraq, Iran, Libya kapena Venezuela zikufuna kulipira mu Euro kapena golide m'malo mwa madola, zotsatira zake ndi "kusintha kwa boma".
Tithokoze mulingo wamafuta aku Saudi, ndalama zowoneka ngati zopanda malire zankhondo yaku US zimalipiridwadi ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikuphatikiza mtengo wapafupifupi ma 1 000 US mabesi padziko lonse lapansi, cholinga chawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti US yokhala ndi anayi peresenti yokha ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi atha kukhalabe ankhondo komanso azachuma. Pafupifupi 34 mwa mabasiketiwa ali ku Africa, awiri mwa iwo ku Libya.[xxvii]
"Five Eyes Alliance" yamayiko olankhula Chingerezi achizungu (omwe akuphatikiza US, Britain, Canada, Australia ndi New Zealand komanso omwe Israeli ndi membala wa de facto) adzinyadira ufulu wawo wolowererapo kulikonse padziko lapansi. NATO idalowerera modetsa nkhawa ku Libya mu 2011 pambuyo pa Muammar Gaddafi atapempha kuti abweze golide wamafuta aku Libyan m'malo mwa madola.
Ndi US ikuchepa pachuma komanso China ikukwera, magulu ankhondo ndi azachuma amenewo sali oyenera mu 21st zaka zana, kapena zotsika mtengo. Pambuyo pakuchulukitsa mavuto azachuma a 2008 ndikutulutsa ndalama zambiri kubanki ndi Wall Street, mliri wa Covid kuphatikiza ndalama zazikulu kwambiri zathandizanso kugwa kwa Ufumu wa US.
Zimagwirizana ndi zowona kuti US ilibenso olowetsa kunja ndikudalira mafuta aku Middle East. US yasinthidwa ndi China, yemwenso ndi ngongole yayikulu kwambiri ku America komanso wogwirizira ma Bili a US Treasury. Zomwe Israeli adzatengeke ngati dziko lokhalamo atsamunda mdziko lachiarabu zidzakhala zazikulu kamodzi "abambo akulu" sangathe kapena sangalowerere.
Mitengo ya golide ndi mafuta inali poyambira momwe mikangano yapadziko lonse imayesedwa. Mtengo wagolidi ukhazikika ndipo mafuta nawonso ndi ofooka, pomwe chuma cha Saudi chili pamavuto akulu.
Mosiyana ndi izi, mtengo wamatcoins wagwedezeka - kuchokera $ 1 000 pomwe a Trump adayamba kugwira ntchito ku 2017 mpaka $ 58 000 pa 20 February. Ngakhale osunga ndalama aku New York mwadzidzidzi akuwonetsa kuti mtengo wa bitcoin utha kufika $ 200 000 pofika kumapeto kwa 2021 pomwe dollar yaku US ikupita pansi, ndipo dongosolo latsopano lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi likuchokera mchipwirikiti.[xxviii]
Terry Crawford-Browne ali World BEYOND War Country Coordinator - South Africa, komanso wolemba Eye on the Money (2007), Eye on the Diamonds, (2012) ndi Eye on the Gold (2020).
[I] Kersten Knipp, "The Lab: Palestinians as Guinea Nkhumba?" Deutsche Welle / Qantara de 2013, 10 Disembala 2013.
[Ii] Nawonso achichepere aku Israel Ogulitsa Kunkhondo ndi Chitetezo (DIMSA). Komiti Yoyang'anira Ntchito ku America, Novembala 2020. https://www.dimse.info/
[III] A Judah Ari Gross, "Khothi litasumira mlandu wogulitsa zida ku Myanmar, omenyera ufulu wawo akufuna kuti achite ziwonetsero," Times of Israel, 28 Seputembara 2017.
[Iv] Owen Bowcott ndi Rebecca Ratcliffe, "Khothi lalikulu ku UN lalamula Myanmar kuti iteteze a Rohingya ku genocide, The Guardian, 23 Januware 2020.
[V] Richard Silverstein, "Makasitomala a Zida Zankhondo ku Israel," Magazini ya Jacobin, Novembala 2018.
[vi] Jeff Halper, Wachinyamata Nkhondo yolimbana ndi Anthu: Israel, Palestinaans ndi Global Pacification, Pluto Press, London 2015
[vii] Ben Hallman, "Zifukwa zisanu zomwe Luanda Leaks ndi wamkulu kuposa Angola," International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), 5 Januware 21.
[viii] Reuters, "Angola ipita kukalanda chuma chokhudzana ndi Dos Santos ku Khothi Lachi Dutch," Times Live, 8 February 2021.
[ix] Global Witness, "Billionaire yemwe anali wotsutsana akuwoneka kuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe akuganiza kuti ndizobera ndalama zapadziko lonse kuti azembe ziletso ku US ndikupeza oyang'anira migodi ku DRC," 2 Julayi 2020.
[x] Human Rights Watch, "Kalata yolumikizana ndi US ku Dan Gertler's License (No. GLOMAG-2021-371648-1), 2 February 2021.
[xi] Sean Clinton, "Njira ya Kimberley: Makampani ochulukitsa mabiliyoni ambiri ku Israeli," Middle East Monitor, 19 Novembala 2019.
[xii] Tetra Tech m'malo mwa US AID, "Artisanal Diamond Mining Sector ku Côte D'Ivoire," Okutobala 2012.
[xiii] Greg Campbell, PA Ma diamondi Amwazi: Kutsata Njira Yakupha Yamiyala Yamtengo Wapatali Padziko Lonse Lapansi, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 2002.
[xiv] Sam Sole, "Z voter 'roll m'manja mwa omwe akuwakayikira aku Israeli," Mail ndi Guardian, 12 Epulo 2013.
[xv] A Joe Roeber, "Ovuta Kuchita Zachinyengo," Magazini ya Prospect, 28 Ogasiti 2005
[xvi] Phil Miller, "Zawululidwa: Banja lachifumu ku Britain lidakumana ndi mafumu achiwawa ku Middle East nthawi zopitilira 200 kuyambira pomwe Arab Spring idaphulika zaka 10 zapitazo," Daily Maverick, 23 February 2021.
[xvii] Sasha Polakow-Suransky Mgwirizano Wosayankhula: Ubale Wachinsinsi wa Israeli ndi Tsankho ku South Africa, Jacana Media, Cape Town, 2010.
[xviii] Ken Owen, Sunday Times, pa 25 June 1995.
[xix] Anthony Sampson, "Ngwazi Kuyambira M'badwo Wa Zimphona," Cape Times, 10 Disembala 2013.
[xx] Chalmers Johnson (yemwe adamwalira mu 2010) adalemba mabuku ambiri. Zitatu zake pa US Empire, Blowback (2004), Chisokonezo cha Ufumu (2004) ndi Nemesis (2007) yang'anani zakutha kwa Ufumu mtsogolo chifukwa cha nkhanza zake zosasamala. Kuyankhulana kwapakanema kwamphindi 52 kopangidwa mu 2018 ndikulosera kwamphamvu ndipo kumapezeka kwaulere kwaulere. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZwFm64_uXA
[xxi] William Hartung, PA Aneneri a Nkhondo: Lockheed Martin ndi Kupanga Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo, 2012
[xxii] Hart Rapaport, "Boma la US likukonzekera kuwononga ndalama zoposa triliyoni imodzi pa Zida za Nuclear," Columbia K = 1 Project, Center for Nuclear Study, 9 Julayi 2020
[xxiii] Avner Cohen ndi William Burr, "Simukukonda Kuti Israeli Ali Ndi Bomba? Blame Nixon, ”Zakunja, 12 Seputembara 2014.
[xxiv] Interactive Al Jazeera.com, "Trump's Middle East Plan ndi Zaka 28 za Zolephera," 2020 Januware XNUMX.
[xxv] Becky Anderson, "US ikutsatira Crown Prince pokonzanso Saudi Arabia," CNN, 17 February 2021
[xxvi] F. William Engdahl, Zaka XNUMX: Nkhondo ya Anglo-American Oil and New World Order, 2011.
[xxvii] Nick Turse, "Asitikali aku US ati ali ndi 'mbiri yopepuka ku Africa: Zikalatazi zikuwonetsa malo ambiri." Kutenga, 1 Disembala 2018.
[xxviii] “Kodi Dziko Lonse Liyenera Kulandira Ndalama Zachiphamaso?” Al Jazeera: Mkati Mwa Nkhani, 12 February 2021.
