Wolemba Antonio De Lauri, Maloto Amodzi, April 10, 2022
Nkhondo ya ku Ukraine inatsitsimutsanso chidwi china choopsa cha nkhondo. Malingaliro ngati kukonda dziko, mfundo za demokalase, mbali yoyenera ya mbiri yakale, kapena a nkhondo yatsopano yomenyera ufulu asonkhanitsidwa monga kufunikira kwa aliyense kutenga nawo mbali pankhondoyi. Nzosadabwitsa ndiye kuti ambiri otchedwa alendo achilendo ndi okonzeka kupita ku Ukraine kuti agwirizane mbali imodzi kapena imzake.
Ndinakumana ndi angapo a iwo posachedwapa kumalire a Poland ndi Ukraine, kumene ndinali kufunsa gulu la mafilimu a ku Norway ndi asilikali ndi omenyana ndi mayiko ena amene anali kuloŵa kapena kutuluka m’dera lankhondo. Ena a iwo sanachite nawo nkhondo kapena "kulembedwa" chifukwa alibe luso lankhondo kapena zolinga zoyenera. Ndi gulu losanganikirana la anthu, ena mwa iwo akhala zaka zambiri ali usilikali, pamene ena ankangogwira ntchito ya usilikali. Ena ali ndi mabanja kunyumba akuwayembekezera; ena, alibe nyumba yobwererako. Ena ali ndi zisonkhezero zamphamvu zamalingaliro; ena amangofuna kuwombera chinachake kapena munthu. Palinso gulu lalikulu la asilikali akale omwe anasintha kupita kuntchito yothandiza anthu.
Pamene tinali kuwoloka malire kuti tiloŵe ku Ukraine, msilikali wina wakale wa ku United States anandiuza kuti: “Chifukwa chimene asilikali ambiri opuma pa ntchito kapena amene kale anali asilikali asamukira ku ntchito yothandiza anthu chingakhale kufunikira kosangalala.” Mukangochoka ku usilikali, ntchito yapafupi yomwe ingakufikitseni ku "malo osangalatsa," monga momwe wina ananenera, ponena za malo ankhondo ku Ukraine, ndi ntchito yothandiza anthu-kapena, mndandanda wa mabizinesi ena omwe akukulirakulira. kuyandikira kwa nkhondo, kuphatikiza makontrakitala ndi zigawenga.
"Ndife adrenaline junkies," msilikali wakale wa ku United States anatero, ngakhale kuti tsopano akungofuna kuthandiza anthu wamba, zomwe amawona ngati "mbali ya njira yanga yochiritsa." Chimene ambiri mwa omenyana akunja ali nacho chofanana ndicho kufunika kopeza chifuno cha moyo. Koma kodi izi zikunena chiyani za madera athu ngati, pofuna kufunafuna moyo watanthauzo, zikwi zambiri akulolera kupita kunkhondo?
Pali zokopa zazikulu zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa kuti nkhondo ikhoza kuchitidwa motsatira malamulo ovomerezeka, okhazikika komanso osamveka. Limapereka lingaliro la nkhondo yakhalidwe labwino kumene zolinga zankhondo zokha zimawonongedwa, mphamvu yosagwiritsiridwa ntchito mopambanitsa, ndipo chabwino ndi choipa zimafotokozedwa bwino lomwe. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maboma ndi zofalitsa zapa media (ndi makampani ankhondo celebrating) kuti nkhondo ikhale yovomerezeka, ngakhale yokongola, kwa anthu ambiri.
Chilichonse chomwe chimapatuka pamalingaliro awa ankhondo yoyenera komanso yolemekezeka chimatengedwa ngati chosiyana. Asilikali a US kuzunza akaidi ku Abu Ghraib: kupatula. Asilikali aku Germany kusewera ndi chigaza chamunthu ku Afghanistan: chosiyana. The Msilikali wa US amene anachita chipolowe cha nyumba ndi nyumba m’mudzi wina wa ku Afghanistani, kupha anthu wamba 16 kuphatikizapo ana angapo popanda chifukwa: kupatulapo. Milandu yankhondo yochitidwa ndi Asilikali aku Australia ku Afghanistan: zosiyana. Akaidi aku Iraq akuzunzidwa ndi Asilikali a Britain: kupatula.
Nkhani zofananira zikubweranso pankhondo yapano ku Ukraine, ngakhale nthawi zambiri "sanatsimikizidwe." Ndi nkhondo yachidziwitso yomwe ikusokoneza kusiyana pakati pa zenizeni ndi zongopeka, sitikudziwa ngati ndi liti tidzatha kutsimikizira mavidiyo monga omwe akuwonetsa msilikali wa ku Ukraine akuyankhula pa foni ndi amayi a msilikali wa ku Russia yemwe anaphedwa ndikumuseka. iye, kapena Asilikali aku Ukraine kuwombera akaidi kuti awavulaze kotheratu, kapena nkhani za asirikali aku Russia omwe amagwirira akazi.
Kupatulapo zonse? Ayi. Izi ndi zomwe nkhondo ili. Maboma amayesetsa kufotokoza kuti zochitika zamtunduwu sizikhala zankhondo. Amanamizira kudabwa pamene anthu wamba akuphedwa, ngakhale kuti kulimbana ndi anthu wamba mwadongosolo ndi mbali ya nkhondo zonse zamasiku ano; mwachitsanzo, pa Asilikali a 387,000 anaphedwa mu nkhondo zapambuyo pa 9/11 za US zokha, zokhala ndi mwayi wofa chifukwa cha zomwe zachitikanso pankhondozo.
Lingaliro la nkhondo yoyera ndi yothandiza ndi bodza. Nkhondo ndi chilengedwe chachisokonezo cha njira zankhondo zolumikizidwa ndi nkhanza, kuphwanya malamulo, kusatsimikizika, kukayikira, ndi chinyengo. M'madera onse omenyera nkhondo maganizo monga mantha, manyazi, chisangalalo, chisangalalo, kudabwa, mkwiyo, nkhanza, ndi chifundo zimakhalapo.
Tikudziwanso kuti zifukwa zenizeni zankhondo, kuzindikira mdani ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuyitanitsa kukangana kulikonse. Kuti athe kupha—mwadongosolo—sikokwanira kupangitsa omenyanawo kunyalanyaza mdani, kumunyoza; m’pofunikanso kuwapangitsa kuona mdaniyo chopinga cha tsogolo labwino. Pachifukwa ichi, nkhondo nthawi zonse imafuna kusintha kwa munthu kuchokera pa chikhalidwe cha munthu kukhala membala wa gulu lodziwika, ndi lodedwa la adani.
Ngati cholinga chokha chankhondo ndikungochotsa mdani mwakuthupi, ndiye tingafotokoze bwanji chifukwa chake kuzunzika ndi kuwononga matupi akufa ndi amoyo kumachitidwa mwankhanza chonchi m'mabwalo ankhondo ambiri? Ngakhale kuti m’mawu osamvetsetseka chiwawa choterocho chimawoneka chosayerekezeka, kumakhala kotheka kuwona m’maganizo pamene ophedwa kapena ozunzidwa akugwirizana ndi ziwonetsero zonyoza anthu zowasonyeza ngati olanda, amantha, onyansa, opanda pake, osakhulupirika, oipa, osamvera—zisonyezero zomwe zimayenda mofulumira m’ma TV ndi m’ma TV. . Chiwawa cha nkhondo ndi kuyesa kwakukulu kusintha, kukonzanso ndi kukhazikitsa malire a chikhalidwe; kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwake ndikukana za mnzake. Choncho, ziwawa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi nkhondo sizowona chabe, komanso njira yolumikizirana.
Izi zikutsatira kuti nkhondo siingathe kufotokozedwa ngati zotsatira za zisankho za ndale zochokera kumwamba; Zimatsimikiziridwanso ndi kutenga nawo mbali ndi zoyeserera zochokera pansi. Izi zitha kutenga mawonekedwe ankhanza kwambiri kapena kuzunzidwa, komanso kukana malingaliro ankhondo. Ndi nkhani ya asilikali omwe amatsutsa kukhala mbali ya nkhondo kapena ntchito inayake: zitsanzo zimachokera kukana kulowa usilikali chifukwa cha chikumbumtima pa nthawi ya nkhondo, kuyika momveka bwino monga nkhani ya Fort Hood Atatu omwe anakana kupita ku Vietnam poganizira kuti nkhondoyo ndi "yopanda lamulo, yachiwerewere, ndi yosalungama," komanso kukana kwa asilikali. Russian National Guard kupita ku Ukraine.
Leo Tolstoy analemba kuti: “Nkhondo n’njopanda chilungamo ndiponso yoipa kwambiri moti onse amene amamenya nkhondoyo ayenera kuletsa chikumbumtima chawo kuti chiwauze. Koma zimakhala ngati kupuma mpweya wanu pansi pa madzi—simungathe kuchita zimenezi kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale mutaphunzitsidwa.
Antonio De Lauri ndi Pulofesa Wofufuza ku Chr. Michelsen Institute, Mtsogoleri wa Norwegian Center for Humanitarian Studies, komanso wothandizira ku Costs of War Project ya Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs ku Brown University.
