Ndege yaku France Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace Atlas. Lipoti lathu lonena za mpweya wa EU CO2 lidapeza kuti France ndiyomwe imatumiza kwambiri, chifukwa cha magulu ake ankhondo ambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito. Ndalama: Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace / Olivier Ravenel
By Kusamvana ndi Kuyang'anira Malo, February 23, 2021
Zomwe zimachitika mgulu la asitikali a EU ndizofunikira - asitikali ndi mafakitale omwe amawathandiza ayenera kuchita zambiri kuti alembe zotulutsa zawo.
Asitikali nthawi zambiri samasulidwa poyera kuti atulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha (GHG) ndipo pakadali pano palibe lipoti logwirizana lomwe lipoti la GHG limaperekedwa kwa asitikali ankhondo a European Union. Monga ogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo, ndikuwononga ndalama zankhondo pakuwonjezeka, kuyang'anitsitsa ndikuwongolera zocheperako zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutulutsa kwa GHG kochokera kunkhondo zikufunika. A Stuart Parkinson ndi a Linsey Cottrell apereka lipoti lawo laposachedwa, lomwe likuwunika momwe gulu lankhondo la EU lakhalira.
Introduction
Kuti athane ndi mavuto azanyengo padziko lonse lapansi pamafunika kusintha magulu onse, kuphatikiza ankhondo. Mu Okutobala 2020, Conflict and Environment Observatory (CEOBS) ndi Scientists for Global Udindo (Mtengo wa RMS) adatumidwa ndi Gulu Lotsalira ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Europe (GUE / NGL) kuti aunike bwino momwe zida zankhondo za EU zakhalira, kuphatikiza magulu ankhondo adziko lonse, ndi mafakitale aukadaulo ankhondo omwe ali ku EU. Kafukufukuyu adawunikiranso mfundo zomwe cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wankhondo.
SGR idasindikiza lipoti lonena zakusokonekera kwachilengedwe kwa UK wankhondo m'mwezi wa Meyi 2020, womwe umayerekezera kuchuluka kwa gulu lankhondo laku UK ndikuyerekeza poyerekeza ndi ziwerengero zomwe zidafalitsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku UK. Njira yofananira ndi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa lipoti la SGR ku UK idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekezera momwe mpweya wamagulu ankhondo aku EU.
Kuyerekeza zotsalira za kaboni
Poyerekeza kuchuluka kwa kaboni, zopezeka zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kumagulu aboma ndi mafakitale ochokera kumayiko asanu ndi limodzi akulu kwambiri aku EU potengera momwe ndalama zankhondo, komanso EU yonse. Ripotilo linayang'ana kwambiri ku France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland ndi Spain. Ripotilo lidawunikiranso mfundo ndi njira zomwe zikuchitika pakadali pano kuti zichepetse mpweya wa GHG ku EU, ndikuwonekeranso kwake.
Kuchokera pazomwe zilipo, kuchuluka kwa kaboni pazogwiritsa ntchito yankhondo ku EU mu 2019 akuti pafupifupi 24.8 miliyoni tCO2e.1 Izi ndizofanana ndi CO yapachaka2 Kutulutsa pafupifupi magalimoto pafupifupi 14 miliyoni koma kumawerengedwa kuti ndiwowerengera mosamala, potengera zovuta zambiri zomwe tapeza. Izi zikufanizira ndi zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali aku UK ku 2018 komwe akuti aku 11 miliyoni tCO2e m'mbuyomu Lipoti la SGR.
Ndi ndalama zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ku EU,2 France idapezeka kuti ikupereka pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mpweya wonse wa asitikali a EU. Mwa mabungwe opanga zida zankhondo omwe akugwira ntchito ku EU omwe adayesedwa, PGZ (yochokera ku Poland), Airbus, Leonardo, Rheinmetall, ndi Thales adaweruzidwa kuti ali ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa GHG. Mabungwe ena opanga ukadaulo sanasindikize pagulu zambiri za mpweya wa GHG, kuphatikiza MBDA, Hensoldt, KMW, ndi Nexter.
Kuchita zinthu mosabisa komanso kupereka malipoti
Maiko Amembala Onse a EU ali mbali ya UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), yomwe akuyenera kufalitsa zolemba zapachaka za GHG. Chitetezo cha dziko nthawi zambiri chimatchulidwa ngati chifukwa chosaperekera chidziwitso ku zotulutsa zankhondo ku UNFCCC. Komabe, potengera kuchuluka kwaukadaulo, zachuma komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zapezeka kale pagulu, uku ndi kutsutsana kosatsimikizika, makamaka popeza mayiko angapo a EU asindikiza kale zambiri zankhondo.
| Mtundu wa EU | Kutulutsa kwa asitikali a GHG (akuti)a MtCO2e |
Mapazi a kaboni (akuti)b MtCO2e |
|---|---|---|
| France | Osati mbiri | 8.38 |
| Germany | 0.75 | 4.53 |
| Italy | 0.34 | 2.13 |
| Netherlands | 0.15 | 1.25 |
| Poland | Osati mbiri | Zosakwanira |
| Spain | 0.45 | 2.79 |
| Chiwerengero cha EU (mayiko 27) | 4.52 | 24.83 |
| a. Ziwerengero za 2018 zomwe zafotokozedwera ku UNFCCC. b. Chiwerengero cha 2019 malinga ndi kafukufuku wa CEOBS / SGR. |
Pakadali pano pali njira zingapo zofufuzira ndikuthandizira kusunthaku kochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kaboni kunkhondo, kuphatikiza mapulani apadziko lonse omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi European Defense Agency ndi NATO. Mwachitsanzo, European External Action Service (EEAS) idasindikiza a Climate Change and Defense Roadmap in November 2020, yomwe imafotokoza njira zazifupi, zapakatikati komanso zazitali zothana ndi mavutowa, kuphatikizapo kukonza mphamvu zamagetsi. Komabe, zimakhalabe zovuta kudziwa momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito popanda malipoti athunthu a GHG kukhalapo kapena kusindikizidwa. Kwenikweni, palibe imodzi mwazinthuzi zomwe zimawona kusintha kwamalamulo pamagulu ankhondo ngati njira yochepetsera mpweya. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kukuphonya, mwachitsanzo, mapangano okhudzana ndi zida zankhondo omwe angathandize kuthana ndi kuipitsa zinthu pochepetsa kugula, kutumiza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo.
Mwa mayiko mamembala 27 a EU, 21 nawonso ndi mamembala a NATO.3 Mlembi Wamkulu wa NATO adavomereza kufunikira kwa NATO ndi asitikali ankhondo kuti athandizire kuti athe kutulutsa mpweya wa zero kaboni pofika 2050 pakulankhula mu September 2020. Komabe, kukakamizidwa kukweza ndalama zankhondo pomenya nkhondo za NATO mwina kungasokoneze cholinga ichi. Zowonadi, kuchepa kwa mpweya wotulutsa malipoti m'gawo lino kumatanthauza kuti palibe amene amadziwa ngati mpweya wa asirikali akugwa kapena ayi. Gawo lofunikira ndikuti mayiko mamembala aziwerengera zotsalira za asitikali awo ndikunena ziwerengerozi. Chovuta kwambiri kukakamiza mamembala onse kuti azichita zofananazo pochepetsa nyengo komanso kuchepetsa kaboni pomwe mfundo zanyengo sizinayikidwe mofanana m'maiko onse.
Ntchito ikufunika
Ripoti la CEOBS / SGR lazindikira zinthu zingapo zofunika kuzichita. Makamaka, tidanena kuti kuwunikanso mwachangu kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira zachitetezo zadziko lonse ndi mayiko ena kuti aunike zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kutumizidwa kwa asitikali ankhondo - motero kuchepetsa mpweya wa GHG m'njira zomwe sizinaganiziridwebe ndi maboma ku EU (kapena kwina kulikonse) ). Kuwunikaku kuyenera kuphatikizira kuyang'ana kwambiri zolinga za 'chitetezo cha anthu' - makamaka kukumbukira, mwachitsanzo, kuti kunyalanyaza posachedwa zaumoyo ndi zachilengedwe kwadzetsa mavuto ochuluka kwa anthu pamene akuvutika kuthana ndi mliri wa COVID-19 komanso nyengo yadzidzidzi.
Tidanenanso kuti mayiko onse a EU akuyenera kufalitsa zidziwitso za dziko lonse zakutulutsa kwa GHG kwa asitikali awo ndi mafakitale aukadaulo wankhondo monga machitidwe wamba, ndipo kupereka malipoti kuyenera kukhala kowonekera, kosasintha komanso kofananitsa. Zofuna zofunikira ziyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mpweya wa GHG wankhondo - mogwirizana ndi 1.5oMulingo wa C watchulidwa mu Mgwirizano wa Paris. Izi zitha kuphatikizira zolinga zakusinthira mphamvu zowonjezeredwa kuchokera ku ma gridi adziko lonse ndi kusungitsa ndalama pazomwe zingapitsidwenso pamalo, komanso zochepetsera zapadera pamakampani aukadaulo wankhondo. Komabe, izi siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopewera kusintha pakukula pazachitetezo ndi mfundo zankhondo.
Kuphatikiza apo, popeza asitikali aku EU ndiye eni malo akulu kwambiri ku Europe, malo omwe ali ndi asitikali akuyeneranso kuyendetsedwa bwino kukonza kukokoloka kwa mpweya ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu zowonjezeredwa pamalo pomwe kuli koyenera.
Pokhala ndi kampeni ku #BuildBackBwino kutsatira mliri wa COVID-19, payenera kukhala kukakamizidwa kwakukulu kwa asitikali kuti awonetsetse kuti zochita zawo zikugwirizana ndi zolinga zanyengo ya UN komanso zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.
Mutha kuwerenga lipoti lathunthu Pano.
Stuart Parkinson ndi Executive Director wa SGR ndipo Linsey Cottrell ndi Environmental Policy Officer ku CEOBS. Tithokoze kwa GUE / NGL yemwe adatumiza lipotilo.
