Wolemba Niamh Ni Bhriain, OpenDemocracy, March 4, 2022
Patatha masiku anayi dziko la Russia litalanda dziko la Ukraine mosaloledwa, Purezidenti wa European Commission Ursula von der Leyen analengeza kuti "kwa nthawi yoyamba", EU "idzapereka ndalama zogulira ndi kutumiza zida ... kudziko lomwe likuukiridwa". Masiku angapo m'mbuyomo, anali atatero analengeza EU kukhala "mgwirizano umodzi, mgwirizano umodzi" ndi NATO.
Mosiyana ndi NATO, EU si mgwirizano wankhondo. Komabe, kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa nkhondoyi, yakhala ikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zankhondo kuposa zokambirana. Izi sizinali zosayembekezereka.
The Mgwirizano wa Lisbon idapereka chikhazikitso chalamulo kuti EU ikhazikitse ndondomeko yofanana yachitetezo ndi chitetezo. Pakati pa 2014 ndi 2020, ndalama zokwana €25.6bn* za EU zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa gulu lake lankhondo. Bajeti ya 2021-27 idakhazikitsa a European Defense Fund (EDF) pafupifupi € 8bn, yotsatiridwa ndi mapulogalamu awiri otsogolera, omwe kwa nthawi yoyamba adapereka ndalama za EU kuti afufuze ndi kupanga zida zamakono zankhondo, kuphatikizapo zida zotsutsana kwambiri zomwe zimadalira luntha lochita kupanga kapena makina opangira makina. EDF ndi gawo limodzi chabe la bajeti yachitetezo chokulirapo.
Ndalama za EU zikuwonetsa momwe zimadziwikitsira ngati polojekiti yandale komanso zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. M’zaka khumi zapitazi, mavuto a ndale zadziko ndi a kakhalidwe ka anthu akhala akuthetsedwa mowonjezereka pankhondo. Kuchotsedwa kwa mishoni zothandiza anthu ku Mediterranean, m'malo mwake ndi ma drones apamwamba kwambiri omwe amawunika ndikupangitsa 20,000 omira kuyambira 2013, ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha. Posankha kuthandizira zankhondo, Europe yayendetsa mpikisano wa zida ndikukonzekera maziko ankhondo.
Wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa EC komanso woyimilira wamkulu pankhani zakunja ndi mfundo zachitetezo a Josep Borrell anati Pambuyo pa kuukira kwa Russia: "Chikoka china chagwera ... kuti European Union sinapereke zida zankhondo pankhondo." Borrell adatsimikizira kuti zida zakupha zidzatumizidwa kumalo ankhondo, mothandizidwa ndi EU Malo amtendere. Nkhondo, zikuwoneka, ndi mtendere, monga George Orwell adalengeza mu '1984'.
Zochita za EU sizongoganizira kwambiri, komanso zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa malingaliro opanga. Kodi izi ndizowona zabwino zomwe EU ingachite panthawi yamavuto? Ku channel € 500m mu zida zakupha ku dziko lomwe lili ndi zida za nyukiliya 15, kumene nzika zolembedwa usilikali ziyenera kumenyana ndi njira iliyonse yomwe zingatheke, kumene ana akukonzekera molotov cocktails, ndi kumene mbali yotsutsa yaika mphamvu zake zoletsa zida za nyukiliya kukhala tcheru? Kuyitana asitikali aku Ukraine kuti apereke mndandanda wazofuna zankhondo kumangowonjezera moto wankhondo.
Kukana kopanda chiwawa
Maitanidwe ochokera ku boma la Ukraine ndi anthu ake kuti apeze zida ndi zomveka komanso zovuta kuzinyalanyaza. Koma pamapeto pake, zida zimangotalikitsa ndikukulitsa mikangano. Ukraine ali ndi chitsanzo champhamvu cha kukana sanali chiwawa, kuphatikizapo Orange Revolution ku 2004 ndi Maidan Revolution wa 2013-14, ndipo pali kale zochita za osachita zachiwawa, kukana anthu wamba zomwe zikuchitika m'dziko lonselo poyankha kuwukiridwa. Izi ziyenera kuzindikirika ndikuthandizidwa ndi EU, yomwe pakadali pano yayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo chankhondo.
Mbiri yasonyeza mobwerezabwereza kuti kuthira zida zankhondo m'mikangano sikubweretsa bata ndipo sikuthandiza kwenikweni kukana kogwira mtima. Mu 2017, US idatumiza zida zopangidwa ku Europe ku Iraq kuti zikamenyane ndi ISIS, koma zida zomwezo zidapita. kukathera m'manja mwa omenyana ndi IS mu nkhondo ya Mosul. Zida zoperekedwa ndi kampani yaku Germany kwa apolisi a federal ku Mexico adagwera m'manja mwa apolisi a municipalities ndi gulu lachigawenga m'chigawo cha Guerrero ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito popha anthu asanu ndi mmodzi komanso kuthawa mokakamiza kwa ophunzira 43 pamlandu wotchedwa Ayotzinapa. Kutsatira kuchotsedwa kowopsa kwa asitikali aku US ku Afghanistan mu Ogasiti 2021, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Zida zankhondo zaku US zidagwidwa ndi a Taliban, kuphatikiza ma helikoputala ankhondo, ndege, ndi zida zina zochokera kunkhondo yaku US.
Mbiri yasonyeza mobwerezabwereza kuti kuponya zida zankhondo m’mikangano sikubweretsa bata
Pali zitsanzo zambiri zofanana ndi zimenezi pamene zida zimapangidwira cholinga chimodzi ndipo pamapeto pake zimatumikira china. Ukraine mwachiwonekere, pawotchi yaku Europe, ikhala chitsanzo chotsatira. Komanso, mikono imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Zida izi zitha kusintha kangapo m'zaka zikubwerazi, ndikuyambitsa mikangano ina.
Izi ndizosasamala kwambiri mukaganizira za nthawi - pamene oimira EU adasonkhana ku Brussels, maboma a Russia ndi Ukraine adakumana kuti akambirane zamtendere ku Belarus. Pambuyo pake, EU analengeza kuti idzafulumizitsa pempho la Ukraine lofuna kukhala membala wa EU, kusuntha komwe sikungodzutsa dziko la Russia, komanso ku mayiko osiyanasiyana a ku Balkan omwe akhala akukwaniritsa mwakhama ziyeneretso za kulowa m'malo mwa EU kwa zaka zambiri.
Ngati panali chiyembekezo chamtendere Lamlungu m'mawa, chifukwa chiyani EU sidayitanitsa kuyimitsa moto ndikulimbikitsa NATO kuti ichepetse kupezeka kwake kuzungulira Ukraine? Chifukwa chiyani idasokoneza zokambirana zamtendere posintha mphamvu zake zankhondo ndikukhazikitsa udindo wankhondo?
'Mphindi yamadzi' iyi ndikumapeto kwa zaka za kukakamiza makampani ndi makampani a zida zankhondo, omwe adadziyika yekha ngati katswiri wodziyimira pawokha kuti adziwitse za EU kupanga zisankho, ndipo pambuyo pake ngati wopindula ndalama zikayamba kuyenda. Izi sizinthu zosayembekezereka - ndizo zomwe zimayenera kuchitika.
Zolankhula za akuluakulu a EU zingasonyeze kuti agwidwa ndi chipwirikiti cha nkhondo. Iwo asokoneza kotheratu kutumizidwa kwa zida zakupha ku imfa ndi chiwonongeko chomwe adzadzetsa.
EU iyenera kusintha nthawi yomweyo maphunziro. Iyenera kutuluka kunja kwa malingaliro omwe atifikitsa pano, ndikuyitanitsa mtendere. Zofunika kuchita mwanjira ina ndizokwera kwambiri.
*Chiwerengerochi chinafika powonjezera ndalama za Internal Security Fund - Police; Internal Security Fund - Borders ndi Visa; thumba la Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund; ndalama zothandizira chilungamo ku EU ndi mabungwe azanyumba; Mapulogalamu a Ufulu, Kufanana ndi Unzika ndi Europe kwa Nzika; pulogalamu yofufuza ya Secure Societies; The Preparatory Action on Defense Research ndi European Defense Industrial Development mapulogalamu (2018-20); makina a Athena; ndi African Peace Facility.
