Kuzama Kwambiri kwa Cold War ndi EU

Wolemba Mikael Böök, World BEYOND War, November 22, 2021

Mphunzitsi waukadaulo Stefan Forss akunena mu nyuzipepala ya Helsinki Hufvudstadsbladet kuti Russia ikukonzekera kuwukira Ukraine.

Ndi momwe zimawonekera.

Ngati ndi choncho, Russia ikuyankha zokonzekera za maboma a US ndi Ukraine kuti aphatikizire dziko la Ukraine mu ufumu wapadziko lonse wa US, ndikumaliza nkhondo ya Kumadzulo yolimbana ndi Russia yomwe inayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990.

Forss akukhulupiriranso kuti “vuto lonyansa la othaŵa kwawo m’malire a EU ndi NATO ku Poland ndi Lithuania . . . ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a ntchito yachinyengo yaku Russia, maskirovka", yomwe ndi njira inanso yoikira mlandu pazomwe zikuchitika pamalire a Putin.

Chiwopsezo cha nkhondo yayikulu yankhondo mwatsoka chawonjezeka m'dera lathu lapansi panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti mikangano yankhondo ndi ndale yakula ku Asia, makamaka pafunso la tsogolo la Taiwan. Kugwiritsa ntchito masauzande ambiri osamukira kumayiko ena ngati masewera kumadzutsa kunyansidwa koyenera, koma kodi kugwiritsa ntchito anthu aku Ukraine 45 miliyoni ndi Taiwan 23 miliyoni kumabweretsa ngati chipwirikiti pamasewera a geopolitical?

Mwina izi siziyenera kuyambitsa kuphulika kwamalingaliro ndi kunamizira, koma ziyenera kukhala zopatsa chidwi.

Cold War sinathe ndi Soviet Union. Zikuchitika, ngakhale mumitundu yambiri ya Orwellian geopolitical kuposa kale. Tsopano pali maphwando atatu apadziko lonse lapansi ngati "Eurasia, Oceania ndi East Asia" mu "1984" ya Orwell. Zofalitsa zabodza, "zochita zosakanizidwa" komanso kuyang'anira nzika zilinso ndi dystopian. Mmodzi amakumbukira mavumbulutso a Snowden.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha Nkhondo Yozizira ndicho, monga kale, zida za nyukiliya ndi chiwopsezo chosalekeza kuchokera ku izi ku nyengo ndi moyo padziko lapansi. Machitidwewa apanga ndipo akupitiriza kupanga "zambiri za Cold War". Ndikubwereka mawu kuchokera kwa wolemba mbiri EP Thompson ndipo motero ndikuyembekeza kukumbutsa kusankha njira yomwe ingakhale yotseguka kwa ife. Titha kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito UN ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ngati nsanja yathu yothetsa zida za nyukiliya. Kapena tikhoza kupitiriza kuyendetsa Nkhondo Yozizira kukhala tsoka la nyukiliya chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwa maubwenzi amphamvu kwambiri kapena molakwika.

European Union yamakono, yokulirapo inali isanakhalepo m'gawo loyamba la Cold War. Inangoyamba kumene m’zaka za m’ma 1990, pamene anthu ankayembekezera kuti Nkhondo Yapakamwa inali italowa m’mbiri. Kodi ku EU kukutanthauza chiyani kuti Cold War ikuchitikabe? Pakadali pano komanso posachedwa, nzika za EU zimakonda kugawikana m'magulu atatu. Choyamba, iwo omwe amakhulupirira kuti ambulera ya nyukiliya ya US ndi linga lathu lamphamvu. Kachiwiri, iwo omwe akufuna kukhulupirira kuti gulu lankhondo la nyukiliya la France litha kukhala kapena kukhala linga lathu lamphamvu. (Lingaliro ili silinali lachilendo kwa de Gaulle ndipo latulutsidwa posachedwa ndi Macron). Pomaliza, lingaliro lomwe likufuna Europe yopanda zida za nyukiliya komanso EU yomwe imatsatira UN Convention on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW).

Aliyense amene akuganiza kuti lingaliro lachitatu likuimiridwa ndi nzika zochepa za EU akulakwitsa. Ambiri mwa anthu aku Germany, Italy, Belgians, ndi Dutch akufuna kuchotsa zida zanyukiliya za US kumadera a mayiko awo a NATO. Thandizo pagulu la zida zanyukiliya ku Europe komanso kulowa nawo ku UN Convention kulinso kolimba ku Western Europe, makamaka m'maiko a Nordic. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku dziko la France la zida za nyukiliya. Kafukufuku (wochitidwa ndi IFOP mu 2018) adawonetsa kuti 67 peresenti ya anthu a ku France akufuna kuti boma lawo lilowe mu TPNW pamene 33 peresenti ankaganiza kuti sayenera. Austria, Ireland, ndi Malta adavomereza kale TPNW.

Kodi zonsezi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa EU ngati bungwe? Izi zikutanthauza kuti EU iyenera kukhala yolimba mtima ndikutuluka mu chipinda. EU iyenera kuyesetsa kupatuka panjira yomwe adani a Cold War akutenga. EU iyenera kukhazikika pamalingaliro a woyambitsa Altiero Spinelli kuti Europe iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi zida zanyukiliya (zomwe adapereka m'nkhani yakuti "Atlantic Pact kapena European Unity", Zachilendo nambala 4, 1962). Kupanda kutero, Union idzagwa pomwe chiopsezo cha nkhondo yachitatu yapadziko lonse chikuwonjezeka.

Mayiko omwe adagwirizana ndi UN Convention on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons akumana posachedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba kuyambira pomwe adayamba kugwira ntchito mu Januware. Msonkhanowu uyenera kuchitika ku Vienna March 22-24, 2022. Bwanji ngati European Commission ikanati iwonetsere chithandizo chake? Kusuntha kotereku kwa EU kungakhale kwatsopano! Mobwerezabwereza, EU ikanayenera kulandira mphotho yamtendere yomwe Komiti ya Nobel idapereka ku Union koyambirira kwa 2012. EU iyenera kulimba mtima kuthandizira UN Convention. Ndipo dziko la Finland liyenera kulimba mtima kupatsa EU kukankhira pang'ono komweko. Zizindikiro zonse za moyo polimbana ndi Cold War zingakhale zolandiridwa. Chizindikiro chochepa cha moyo chingakhale, monga Sweden, kutenga mawonekedwe ndi kutumiza owonera kumsonkhano ku Vienna.